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Using Benford’s Law for analysis of the electroencephalogram
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.050
Sandra Widmann , Aditi Prasad , Gerhard Schneider , Matthias Kreuzer
{"title":"Using Benford’s Law for analysis of the electroencephalogram","authors":"Sandra Widmann ,&nbsp;Aditi Prasad ,&nbsp;Gerhard Schneider ,&nbsp;Matthias Kreuzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the first-digit distribution of simulated and real EEG signals recorded during wakefulness and various sleep stages. Furthermore, we examined how variables such as noise or patient age influence the first-digit distribution and affect its conformity with Benford’s Law. Simulated 1/f noise episodes, which serve as proxies for EEG data, were generated with varying spectral exponents to explore how these changes influence the first-digit distribution. Additionally, we analyzed sleep EEG data from an open-source database to compare the first-digit distributions across different sleep stages, particularly focusing on N3 sleep, which shares similarities with EEG patterns observed under general anesthesia.</div><div>Our results demonstrate that the first-digit distribution is influenced by the investigated features, i.e., spectral exponent, vigilance state, and age. Deviations from wakefulness cause deviations from the Benford distribution. Moreover, age-related variations in EEG data may lead to changes in first-digit distributions, potentially offering new insights into how aging affects brain activity. These findings suggest that applying Benford’s Law to EEG analysis could complement existing methods for patient monitoring. The results from our investigation justify the next step of applying this method to anesthesia data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A metapopulation SIHURD model⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.060
Ion Bica , Zhichun Zhai , Rui Hu , Wanhua Su
{"title":"A metapopulation SIHURD model⁎","authors":"Ion Bica ,&nbsp;Zhichun Zhai ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Wanhua Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We enhance our SIHURD model published in Bica et-al (2022) and propose a metapopulation infectious disease mathematical monitoring model where individuals move between discrete spatial patches. We divide the environment into a finite number of spatial patches (e.g., adjacent cities), which preserve homogeneity characteristics. We apply the enhanced SIHURD model presented in this article to each spatial patch.</div><div>The novelty of this model lies in introducing parameters that represent individuals’ travel rates between spatial patches, which depend on their disease status. In addition, it assumes that individuals do not change their disease status while travelling between patches.</div><div>Our study uses the reproduction number, R<sub>0k</sub>, for each spatial patch, k = 1, 2, . . . , n, (n &gt; 1) integer, which represents the average number of secondary cases produced by an infected individual in a susceptible population. The system has only a disease-free equilibrium point if R<sub>0k</sub> ≤ 1. In contrast, if R<sub>0k</sub> &gt; 1, the system has an endemic equilibrium point. Reproduction numbers R<sub>0k</sub> are crucial for understanding the spread of infectious diseases and can inform measures to control outbreaks effectively.</div><div>Migration between patches fundamentally alters the behaviour of the endemic equilibrium within a patch, rendering it unstable in the proposed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced utilization of structural damping of beam-like structures by using state-dependent impulsive moments
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.034
T. Pumhössel, P. Shamiyeh
{"title":"Enhanced utilization of structural damping of beam-like structures by using state-dependent impulsive moments","authors":"T. Pumhössel,&nbsp;P. Shamiyeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present contribution, the possibilities of transferring vibration energy from lower to higher modes of vibration of a beam-like structure by applying impulsively shaped moments are investigated. It is shown that with this concept, the enhanced damping capacities of higher modes can be utilized more effectively, resulting in a faster decay of transient vibrations compared to the autonomous case. The impulsive excitation is designed to be state-dependent in a way that neither energy is extracted from the mechanical system, nor external energy is fed to the system across impulses. The applied modelling approach results in a non-smooth system description which allows to design the impulsive actuation a-priori.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Real-Time Capable Transient H2 Partial Pressure Model for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.003
Martin Osterhammer , Fengmin Du , Volker Formanski , Marcelo Lobo Heldwein
{"title":"Real-Time Capable Transient H2 Partial Pressure Model for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems","authors":"Martin Osterhammer ,&nbsp;Fengmin Du ,&nbsp;Volker Formanski ,&nbsp;Marcelo Lobo Heldwein","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel cell electric vehicles hold a significant promise for reducing the carbon footprint in the automotive sector by leveraging H<sub>2</sub> as a clean fuel source. Maintaining a consistent H<sub>2</sub> supply to the fuel cell system is vital. N<sub>2</sub> crossover can lead to an inert gas built-up on the H<sub>2</sub> supply side, adversely affecting fuel cell performance and durability. Through purging, gases are released, and a N<sub>2</sub> built-up in the H<sub>2</sub> supply system can be prevented, yet this also leads to fuel loss. This fuel loss can be minimized by keeping an optimal N<sub>2</sub> molar fraction. We developed a dynamic model for effectively designing, controlling, and diagnosing fuel cell systems by predicting the N<sub>2</sub> molar fraction in the H<sub>2</sub> supply. This model considers factors such as N<sub>2</sub> distribution throughout the fuel cell stack, N<sub>2</sub> crossover, and the purge process. The model is simplified to a differential equation of first order and solved using the explicit Euler method at a typical automotive time step of 0.01s. The proposed model is validated by a H<sub>2</sub> measurement in a fuel cell system with passive recirculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploiting Asymmetries in Diffusively Coupled Oscillators to Enable Frequency Tunability in Neuromorphic Devices1
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.038
Hermann Folke Johann Rolf , Thomas Meurer
{"title":"Exploiting Asymmetries in Diffusively Coupled Oscillators to Enable Frequency Tunability in Neuromorphic Devices1","authors":"Hermann Folke Johann Rolf ,&nbsp;Thomas Meurer","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By exploiting controllable asymmetries, consensus in networks can be adjusted. In case of coupled oscillators, the characteristic frequencies of the network can be controlled. This property is called frequency tunability and it is, e.g., induced by changing the asymmetry between the damping of the oscillators or the coupling between the oscillators. Subsequently, the frequency tunability of two diffusively coupled Andronov-Hopf oscillators is investigated by analyzing the emergence of Andronov-Hopf bifurcations. This is done by investigating the local dynamics of the corresponding system. It turns out that the number of critical points of the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation is determined by analyzing a polynomial whose degree changes based on the choice of the bifurcation parameter. Thus, this polynomial is analyzed in terms of two different bifurcation parameters: (i) symmetric damping and (ii) symmetric coupling. In case of (i), the system has two critical points, which correspond to Andronov-Hopf bifurcations. In contrast to this, for (ii) the number of critical points varies between one and three depending on the asymmetric damping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validator’s Opinion Dynamic in a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant Network⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.039
Rachid Guedjali , Jean-Philippe Georges , Sylvain Kubler
{"title":"Validator’s Opinion Dynamic in a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant Network⁎","authors":"Rachid Guedjali ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Georges ,&nbsp;Sylvain Kubler","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) is a key framework for improving the resilience of distributed systems, particularly in blockchain networks. However, a major drawback of current consensus mechanisms is their inability to adapt to changing validator behavior. This paper introduces a novel probabilistic opinion dynamics model aimed at analyzing and predicting validator behavior in BFT-based blockchain systems. The model simulates the evolution of validator states and opinions to detect security vulnerabilities and anomalies that could compromise the network’s integrity. By monitoring the proportion of validators exhibiting similar behaviors or voting patterns, the model enables early detection of suspicious activities, allowing timely interventions through appropriate countermeasures. Simulation results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in identifying and mitigating various forms of attacks, including transient and persistent threats, thereby enhancing the security and overall of the blockchain network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digital Twin for Autonomous Decision-Making in Gas Lift Operations: Improving Reliability and Adaptability
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.011
Carine Menezes Rebello , Johannes Jäschke , Idelfonso B.R. Nogueira
{"title":"Digital Twin for Autonomous Decision-Making in Gas Lift Operations: Improving Reliability and Adaptability","authors":"Carine Menezes Rebello ,&nbsp;Johannes Jäschke ,&nbsp;Idelfonso B.R. Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A virtual representation of a complete cyber-physical system introduces several opportunities, such as enabling real-time monitoring of physical systems and ongoing learning to deliver accurate and dependable information. This approach is often referred to as the creation of a digital twin (DT). Nevertheless, challenges emerge, particularly with the computational requirements of implementing AI-driven models in real-time data exchange contexts, as is common with DTs. This research presents a DT framework tailored for optimal and autonomous decision-making within a gas-lift process, with a focus on increasing the adaptability of the DT system. The proposed solution integrates Bayesian inference, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, transfer learning, and online learning alongside techniques for dimensionality reduction and cognitive modelling. These approaches contribute to the development of a reliable and efficient DT. The framework aims to deliver a system that can adapt to dynamic environments, account for prediction uncertainties, and improve decision-making processes in complex, real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Numerical Approach to Transfer Functions of LTI-PDEs⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.018
Jan M. Schaßberger , Veit Hagenmeyer , Lutz Gröll
{"title":"A New Numerical Approach to Transfer Functions of LTI-PDEs⁎","authors":"Jan M. Schaßberger ,&nbsp;Veit Hagenmeyer ,&nbsp;Lutz Gröll","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present paper, we introduce a new approach for the numerical calculation of transfer functions of linear time-invariant partial differential equations in a non-parametric form, e.g. for a subsequent approximation using (non-) rational transfer functions. With the approach, the closed-form solution of the transfer function is represented using a state transition matrix. Thus, the value of the transfer function at explicit values of the complex frequency can be determined by numerically solving the matrix differential equation of the former. The idea is illustrated using an example. In addition, a comparison with the system’s closed-form solution is carried out and the advantages of the new approach over an established one based on a finite-dimensional approximation are shown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Mathematical Model for the Intracellular Accumulation of two Energy Reserve Carbohydrates in S. cerevisiae Cultures 麦角菌培养物中两种能量储备碳水化合物细胞内积累的数学模型
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.070
Antoine Huet , Mihaela Sbarciog , Philippe Bogaerts
{"title":"A Mathematical Model for the Intracellular Accumulation of two Energy Reserve Carbohydrates in S. cerevisiae Cultures","authors":"Antoine Huet ,&nbsp;Mihaela Sbarciog ,&nbsp;Philippe Bogaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the development of a novel macroscopic model that predicts the dynamics of trehalose and glycogen in yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fed-batch cultures. The model includes storage and mobilization reactions for each reserve carbohydrate and conversion of glycogen to trehalose. The proposed model is a purely macroscopic model, which relates the two carbohydrates only to the variation of the extracellular components without including complex intracellular phenomena. Its predictions are in agreement with the experimental data. The model can be used to optimize the accumulation of the two reserve carbohydrates, to obtain yeast cells that can withstand stressful conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiber Activation in Bipolar Deep Brain Stimulation: A Patient Case Study⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.062
Anna F. Frigge , Elena Jiltsova , Fredrik Olsson , Dag Nyholm , Alexander Medvedev
{"title":"Fiber Activation in Bipolar Deep Brain Stimulation: A Patient Case Study⁎","authors":"Anna F. Frigge ,&nbsp;Elena Jiltsova ,&nbsp;Fredrik Olsson ,&nbsp;Dag Nyholm ,&nbsp;Alexander Medvedev","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapy widely used for treating the symptoms of neurological disorders. Electrical pulses are chronically delivered in DBS to a disease-specific brain target via a surgically implanted electrode. The stimulating contact configuration, stimulation polarity, as well as amplitude, frequency, and pulse width of the DBS pulse sequence are utilized to optimize the therapeutic effect. In this paper, the utility of therapy individualization by means of patient-specific mathematical modeling is investigated with respect to a specific case of a patient diagnosed with Essential tremor (ET). Two computational models are compared in their ability to elucidate the impact of DBS stimulation on the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic tract (DRTT): (i) a conventional model of volume of tissue activated (VTA) and (ii) a well-established, open-source simulation (OSS) neural fiber activation modeling framework known as OSS-DBS. The simulation results are compared with tremor measured in the patient under different DBS settings using a smartphone application. The findings of the study highlight that temporally static VTA models do not adequately describe the differences in the outcomes of bipolar stimulation settings with switched polarity, whereas neural fiber activation models hold potential in this regard. However, it is noted that neither of the investigated models fully accounts for the measured symptom pattern, particularly regarding a bilateral effect produced by unilateral stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 361-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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