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Battery heat flow HIL for cooling system testing and optimization⁎ 用于冷却系统测试和优化的电池热流HIL
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.104
Benjamín Pla , Pau Bares , Andre Aronis , Victor Tomanik
{"title":"Battery heat flow HIL for cooling system testing and optimization⁎","authors":"Benjamín Pla ,&nbsp;Pau Bares ,&nbsp;Andre Aronis ,&nbsp;Victor Tomanik","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) has been driven by growing environmental awareness and advancements in energy storage technologies. However, lithium-ion cells, central to BEVs, are highly sensitive to temperature variations, requiring effective thermal management to prevent degradation, ensure safety, and optimize performance. This work presents a novel method to replicate the thermal behaviour of a battery on liquid cooling systems using standard system components. By combining a virtual battery model with a physical system, the thermal behaviour of a real battery pack is accurately reproduced. This cost-effective, safety-compliant approach enhances the development of efficient thermal management systems for BEVs. The Hardware In the Loop (HIL) platform was developed with a PXI from National Instruments and a solid-state resistance of 1 kW, while a 4 kWh battery pack prototype refrigerated with a cold plate was used for validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-wheel-driven Electric Superbike Powertrain Optimization 两轮驱动电动超级摩托车动力系统优化
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.105
Adelmo Niccolai , Maurizio Clemente , Theo Hofman , Niccolò Baldanzini
{"title":"Two-wheel-driven Electric Superbike Powertrain Optimization","authors":"Adelmo Niccolai ,&nbsp;Maurizio Clemente ,&nbsp;Theo Hofman ,&nbsp;Niccolò Baldanzini","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for the powertrain design of a two-wheel-driven electric superbike, minimizing energy consumption. Specifically, we jointly optimize the force distribution between the wheels with the gear ratio, and rear motor and battery sizing while explicitly considering vehicle dynamics and performance constraints. First, we present an energy consumption model of the vehicle, including a scalable model of the electric machine based on data from the industry, accounting for iron, copper, and mechanical losses. Then, we analyze the propulsive blending strategy to distribute the required power to the wheels while considering adherence limits. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by analyzing the design of a superbike, based on regulatory driving cycles and a custom high-performance circuit by comparing the force distribution approaches. The results underline the significance of joint optimization of powertrain components and propulsive bias, achieving a reduction of up to 22.36% in energy consumption for the Sport high-performance driving cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cost-Effective Routing of a Single Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck 单辆重型电池电动卡车的成本效益路线
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.077
Svante Johansson , Daniel Jung , Christofer Sundström
{"title":"Cost-Effective Routing of a Single Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck","authors":"Svante Johansson ,&nbsp;Daniel Jung ,&nbsp;Christofer Sundström","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrification of commercial heavy-duty long-haul transport to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is projected to be the dominant technology for future transport, but it is limited by short range and long charging time. This study develops a method to optimize transport with a single BEV to be cost-effective. It formulates an optimal plan for routing, charging, speed control, and resting periods to minimize the economic cost of operation. The plan considers constraints such as customer demand, road and charging networks, vehicle limitations, time windows, and Hours of Service regulations. It is shown that the optimal plan frequently operate near empty battery making detailed energy modeling critical, and that the strategy varies significantly depending on constraints at the final destination. The vehicle can be operated to save costs, through depot charging and energy efficient speed control, or increase its utilization, through fast charging. It is proposed that for BEVs, fleet coordination will benefit from close interaction with the day-to-day operation of single vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Model based combustion control optimization of compression ignition engine fuelled with Diesel/OMEx blends 基于模型的柴油机燃烧控制优化
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.093
Foglia A. , Cervone D. , Frasci E. , Arsie I. , Pianese C. , Polverino P.
{"title":"Model based combustion control optimization of compression ignition engine fuelled with Diesel/OMEx blends","authors":"Foglia A. ,&nbsp;Cervone D. ,&nbsp;Frasci E. ,&nbsp;Arsie I. ,&nbsp;Pianese C. ,&nbsp;Polverino P.","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEx) represent a concrete solution as drop-in fuels in the context of lengthening the usage of conventional compression ignition engines, whose high efficiency and power density still make them the preferred solution for long-haul transportation. The chemical structure of these e-fuels ensures a significant reduction in soot emissions, while their enhanced combustion efficiency leads to many advantages in terms of NOx. The following study focuses on the development of a one-dimensional model for the design and optimization of control strategies with the objective of reducing the energetic drawback resulting from the introduction of OMEx in blends with Diesel. The methodology is concerned with the initial development and validation of the combustion model that is employed to simulate the performance of conventional Diesel engines. The calibration procedure and the identification of model parameters are executed using the software GT-Suite, with consideration given to different operating points across the engine map. Subsequently, an assessment of the emission reduction and optimization control strategies for Diesel/OMEx blends is conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predicting NOx emissions during sensor light-off by leveraging sensor layout diversity in connected fleets⁎ 通过利用联网车队中传感器布局的多样性来预测传感器点火期间的氮氧化物排放
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.095
Alvin Barbier , José Miguel Salavert , Carlos E. Palau , Carlos Guardiola
{"title":"Predicting NOx emissions during sensor light-off by leveraging sensor layout diversity in connected fleets⁎","authors":"Alvin Barbier ,&nbsp;José Miguel Salavert ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Palau ,&nbsp;Carlos Guardiola","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reflects on a concept that leverages diverse sensor configurations across a fleet of connected vehicles to enhance their emissions monitoring and diagnostics. In this vision, the vehicles of a same family are equipped with different sensor layouts and grades, and share data to support the monitoring of the entire feet. Multiple applications within this framework are outlined, and a specific use case consisting in predicting the emissions during the light-off of the tailpipe NOx sensor with artificial neural networks is discussed, demonstrating the benefits of the proposed architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and experimental validation of a filter-based allocation strategy for the longitudinal dynamics control in an autonomous motorcycle 基于滤波器的自主摩托车纵向动力学控制分配策略设计与实验验证
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.098
Stefano Radrizzani, Claudio Dallapè, Giulio Panzani
{"title":"Design and experimental validation of a filter-based allocation strategy for the longitudinal dynamics control in an autonomous motorcycle","authors":"Stefano Radrizzani,&nbsp;Claudio Dallapè,&nbsp;Giulio Panzani","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous driving has expanded across various domains, with advancements in urban robo-taxis, autonomous delivery vehicles, agricultural applications, and racing competitions. However, autonomous technology for two-wheeled vehicles remains under-explored, with limited literature and industrial demonstrations. Despite motorcycles already feature basic autonomous components like cruise control, traction control, and anti-lock braking systems (ABS), full autonomy demands integrated control of front braking pressure and rear regenerative torque.</div><div>This work addresses the torque allocation problem inside the longitudinal dynamics control of an autonomous motorcycle, which is under development at Politecnico di Milano from a commercial fully-electric Energica <em>Eva Ribelle</em>. In particular, a complementary filter-based dynamic allocation strategy is proposed to distribute braking forces effectively, considering actuator limits. After a simulation-based tuning to handle the trade-off between braking distance and vertical load transfer variations on the wheels, an experimental validation has been carried out on a test track. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 5","pages":"Pages 157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control structures for heat delivery in compact bottoming cycles for heat and power production⁎ 用于热和电力生产的紧凑型底部循环的热传递控制结构
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.006
Lucas F. Bernardino , William Davidsen , Adriana Reyes-Lúa , Rubén M. Montañés
{"title":"Control structures for heat delivery in compact bottoming cycles for heat and power production⁎","authors":"Lucas F. Bernardino ,&nbsp;William Davidsen ,&nbsp;Adriana Reyes-Lúa ,&nbsp;Rubén M. Montañés","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compact designs of combined cycle power plants based on gas turbines and steam bottoming cycle (CCGTs) are deemed as a promising technology for increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions of offshore oil and gas production facilities. The control of such systems can be challenging due to the need for operational flexibility regarding production of power and heat to satisfy the corresponding demands, and it differs from traditional onshore designs in dynamic characteristics and requirements. In this work, we propose and evaluate the performance of control structures for compact steam bottoming cycles with combined heat and power production, focusing on the solutions for satisfying heat demands and their effect on power production. The proposed control structures are based on the different prioritization of operational objectives and constraints, using simple control elements to switch between operating regions. The control structures were evaluated under different disturbances on the gas turbine loads and on the heat demand. It is shown that controlling the intermediate pressure in the steam turbine, which serves as source of steam for heat production, is necessary for achieving the heat demand objectives. We also show that sudden disturbances on the heat demand heavily impact the power production, and it is desirable that such disturbances happen on a ramp-like manner. Overall, we highlight how near-optimal operation with satisfaction of constraints can be achieved with the use of well-designed, simple control structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 570-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Steady state process optimization of an electric flash clay calcination plant 电闪蒸粘土煅烧装置稳态工艺优化
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.008
Nicola Cantisani , Jan Lorenz Svensen , Shanmugam Perumal , John Bagterp Jørgensen
{"title":"Steady state process optimization of an electric flash clay calcination plant","authors":"Nicola Cantisani ,&nbsp;Jan Lorenz Svensen ,&nbsp;Shanmugam Perumal ,&nbsp;John Bagterp Jørgensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study on the determination of the optimal steady states of an industrial electric flash clay calcination plant. Such a process is relevant in the context of sustainable cement production. By deploying electrical heating, CO<sub>2</sub>-free calcined clay can be produced, which can substitute some of the traditional limestone-based cement clinker. By using a nonlinear model of the plant, the optimization problem is formulated to minimize energy consumption, while maximizing the production rate of calcined clay and ensuring a specified quality requirement. The optimal manipulated variables, for each clay feed or power set-point, are computed as solution of the problem, and presented in the results. The numerical solution of the problem is obtained using a hybrid approach, that combines global optimization with gradient-based methods. Steady state optimization enables the development of process control and real-time optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 582-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Dynamic Operation of an Alkaline Electrolyzer 碱性电解槽动态运行非线性模型预测控制
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.184
Anders Hilmar Damm Christensen , Nicola Cantisani , Shi You , John Bagterp Jørgensen
{"title":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Dynamic Operation of an Alkaline Electrolyzer","authors":"Anders Hilmar Damm Christensen ,&nbsp;Nicola Cantisani ,&nbsp;Shi You ,&nbsp;John Bagterp Jørgensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper demonstrates how incorporating future input power information impacts the performance of a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm for an alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) plant. The primary objective of the NMPC is to maintain the stack temperature and number of moles of water in the AEL within operating limits, despite large variations in the input power. The NMPC combines an optimal control problem (OCP) with a continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter (CD-EKF). For both the OCP and the CD-EKF, we use a model that is different from the AEL simulation model. We present three closed-loop simulations: two where the NMPC operates at different stack temperature and water mole setpoints with only current input power information, and one where it receives information about future power changes in advance. The results show a 1.583% increase in hydrogen production when the NMPC utilizes information about future power changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 433-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training Neural ODEs Using Fully Discretized Simultaneous Optimization⁎ 使用完全离散化同时优化训练神经ode
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.190
Mariia Shapovalova , Calvin Tsay
{"title":"Training Neural ODEs Using Fully Discretized Simultaneous Optimization⁎","authors":"Mariia Shapovalova ,&nbsp;Calvin Tsay","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) represent continuous-time dynamics with neural networks, offering advancements for modeling and control tasks. However, training Neural ODEs requires solving differential equations at each epoch, leading to high computational costs. This work investigates simultaneous optimization methods as a faster training alternative. In particular, we employ a collocation-based, fully discretized formulation and use IPOPT—a solver for large-scale nonlinear optimization—to simultaneously optimize collocation coefficients and neural network parameters. Using the Van der Pol Oscillator as a case study, we demonstrate faster convergence compared to traditional training methods. Furthermore, we introduce a decomposition framework utilizing Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to effectively coordinate sub-models among data batches. Our results show significant potential for (collocation-based) simultaneous Neural ODE training pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 6","pages":"Pages 469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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