Reviews in Physics最新文献_第8页

Cavity quantum electrodynamics in application to plasmonics and metamaterials 腔量子电动力学在等离子体和超材料中的应用

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001

Pavel Ginzburg

{"title":"Cavity quantum electrodynamics in application to plasmonics and metamaterials","authors":"Pavel Ginzburg","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frontier quantum engineering tasks require reliable control over light-matter interaction dynamics, which could be obtained by introducing electromagnetic structuring. Initiated by the Purcell's discovery of spontaneous emission acceleration in a cavity, the concept of electromagnetic modes' design have gained a considerable amount of attention due to development of photonic crystals, micro-resonators, plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. Those approaches, however, offer qualitatively different strategies for tailoring light-matter interactions and are based on either high quality factor modes shaping, near field control, or both. Remarkably, rigorous quantum mechanical description might address those processes in a different fashion. While traditional cavity quantum electrodynamics tools are commonly based on mode decomposition approach, few challenges rise once dispersive and lossy nanostructures, such as noble metals (plasmonic) antennas or metamaterials, are involved. The primary objective of this review is to introduce key methods and techniques while aiming to obtain comprehensive quantum mechanical description of spontaneous, stimulated and higher order emission and interaction processes, tailored by nanostructured material environment. The main challenge and the complexity here are set by the level of rigorousity, up to which materials should be treated. While relatively big nanostructured features (10nm and larger) could be addressed by applying fluctuation–dissipation theorem and corresponding Green functions' analysis, smaller objects will require individual approach. Effects of material granularity, spatial dispersion, tunneling over small gaps, material memory and others will be reviewed. Quantum phenomena, inspired and tailored by nanostructured environment, plays a key role in development of quantum information devices and related technologies. Rigorous analysis is required for both examination of experimental observations and prediction of new effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 120-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger models: A survey of recent developments 耦合非线性Schrödinger模型中的孤子:最新发展综述

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.002

P.G. Kevrekidis , D.J. Frantzeskakis

引用次数: 137

Alpha decay as a probe for the structure of neutron-deficient nuclei 用α衰变探测缺中子核的结构

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.05.001

Chong Qi

引用次数: 30

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on selectively grown GaN microfacets and the applications for phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes 选择性生长GaN微面上的InGaN/GaN多量子阱及其在无磷白光发光二极管中的应用

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001

Yang G.F. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. , Lu Y.N. , Chen P. , Wu Z.L. , Gao S.M. , Chen G.Q.

{"title":"InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on selectively grown GaN microfacets and the applications for phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes","authors":"Yang G.F. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. , Lu Y.N. , Chen P. , Wu Z.L. , Gao S.M. , Chen G.Q.","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphor-free InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantages of simpler device process and potentially higher efficiency, and have attracted much attention in recent years. A host of technologies are emerging for implementing such white-light LEDs. Among them, the key issue is the color tuning of different emission wavelengths from InGaN/GaN MQWs with different indium (In) content. However, owing to the limited growth technology for long-wavelength InGaN/GaN MQWs with high In content, it is very attractive to study selective area epitaxy (SAE) of InGaN/GaN MQWs on GaN microstructures with non- or semipolar microfacets combined with (0001) <em>c</em>-plane. In this paper, we briefly review the previous developments of InGaN/GaN MQW based phosphor-free white light LEDs, then the particular technology for the growth of InGaN/GaN MQWs on the regrown GaN microfacets using SAE has been introduced, and related mechanisms for the formation of different non- or semipolar GaN microfacets fabricated by various mask patterns are discussed in detail. Furthermore, sophisticated approaches made use of the InGaN/GaN MQWs on GaN microfacets to fabricated phosphor-free white light LEDs with polychromatic emissions are reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 101-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: Bulk properties and dynamical evolution 欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机超相对论重离子碰撞实验结果综述:体积性质和动力学演化

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.002

Panagiota Foka , Małgorzata Anna Janik

{"title":"An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: Bulk properties and dynamical evolution","authors":"Panagiota Foka , Małgorzata Anna Janik","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first collisions of lead nuclei, delivered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the end of 2010, at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair <span><math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>NN</mi></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 2.76 TeV, marked the beginning of a new era in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion physics. Following the Run 1 period, LHC also successfully delivered Pb–Pb collisions at the collision energy <span><math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>NN</mi></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 5.02 TeV at the end of 2015. The study of the properties of the produced hot and dense strongly-interacting matter at these unprecedented energies is experimentally pursued by all four big LHC experiments, ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. This review presents selected experimental results from heavy-ion collisions delivered during the first three years of the LHC operation focusing on the bulk matter properties and the dynamical evolution of the created system. It also presents the first results from Run 2 heavy-ion data at the highest energy, as well as from the studies of the reference pp and p–Pb systems, which are an integral part of the heavy-ion programme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 154-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

A view of neutrino studies with the next generation facilities 新一代设备对中微子研究的看法

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.04.003

L. Stanco

{"title":"A view of neutrino studies with the next generation facilities","authors":"L. Stanco","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neutrino physics is nowadays receiving more and more attention as a possible source of information for the long-standing investigation of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The rather recent measurement of the third mixing angle <em>θ</em><sub>13</sub> in the standard mixing oscillation scenario encourages the pursuit of what is still missing: the size of any leptonic CP violation, absolute neutrino masses and the characteristic nature of the neutrino. Several projects are currently running and they are providing impressive results. In this review, the phenomenology of neutrino oscillations that results from the last two decades of investigations is reviewed, with emphasis on our current knowledge and on what lesson can be taken from the past. We then present a critical discussion of current studies on the mass ordering and what might be expected from future results. Our conclusion is that decisions determining the next generation of experiments and investigations have to be strictly based on the findings of the current generation of experiment. In this sense it would be wise to wait a few years before taking decisions on the future projects. In the meantime, since no direct path forward is evident for the future projects, the community must be committed to their careful evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77173166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Single top quark production at the LHC 大型强子对撞机产生单顶夸克

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2015.12.001

Andrea Giammanco

引用次数: 20

Through precision straits to next standard model heights 通过精密海峡到下一个标准模型高度

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.01.001

André David , Giampiero Passarino

{"title":"Through precision straits to next standard model heights","authors":"André David , Giampiero Passarino","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revip.2016.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the LHC Run 1, the standard model (SM) of particle physics has been completed. Yet, despite its successes, the SM has shortcomings vis-à-vis cosmological and other observations. At the same time, while the LHC restarts for Run 2 at 13 TeV, there is presently a lack of direct evidence for new physics phenomena at the accelerator energy frontier. From this state of affairs arises the need for a consistent theoretical framework in which deviations from the SM predictions can be calculated and compared to precision measurements. Such a framework should be able to comprehensively make use of all measurements in all sectors of particle physics, including LHC Higgs measurements, past electroweak precision data, electric dipole moment, <span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> penguins and flavor physics, neutrino scattering, deep inelastic scattering, low-energy <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> scattering, mass measurements, and any search for physics beyond the SM. By simultaneously describing all existing measurements, this framework then becomes an intermediate step, pointing us toward the next SM, and hopefully revealing the underlying symmetries. We review the role that the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) could play in this context, as a consistent, complete, and calculable generalization of the SM in the absence of light new physics. We discuss the relationship of the SMEFT with the existing kappa-framework for Higgs boson couplings characterization and the use of pseudo-observables, that insulate experimental results from refinements due to ever-improving calculations. The LHC context, as well as that of previous and future accelerators and experiments, is also addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91709055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Current status of neutrinoless double-beta decay searches 中微子双β衰变搜索的现状

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.03.001

Reyco Henning

引用次数: 49

An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: Hard probes 欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机超相对论重离子碰撞实验结果综述:硬探测器

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.001

Panagiota Foka , Małgorzata Anna Janik

{"title":"An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: Hard probes","authors":"Panagiota Foka , Małgorzata Anna Janik","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first collisions of lead nuclei, delivered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the end of 2010, at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair <span><math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>NN</mi></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 2.76 TeV, marked the beginning of a new era in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion physics. The study of the properties of the produced hot and dense strongly-interacting matter at these unprecedented energies is currently experimentally pursued by all four big LHC experiments, ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. The more than a factor 10 increase of collision energy at LHC, relative to the previously achieved maximal energy at other collider facilities, results in an increase of production rates of hard probes. This review presents selected experimental results focusing on observables probing hard processes in heavy-ion collisions delivered during the first three years of the LHC operation. It also presents the first results from Run 2 heavy-ion data at the highest energy, as well as from the studies of the reference pp and p–Pb systems, which are an integral part of the heavy-ion programme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 172-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20