Reviews in Physics最新文献_第6页

Fractionalized quantum excitations in correlated two-dimensional topological phases 相关二维拓扑相中的分数化量子激发

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2017.02.001

Nai-Chang Yeh (Handling Editor, Reviews in Physics)

引用次数: 23

Strategies for the exploration of free energy landscapes: Unity in diversity and challenges ahead 探索自由能源格局的策略:多样性中的统一和未来的挑战

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2017.05.001

Fabio Pietrucci

{"title":"Strategies for the exploration of free energy landscapes: Unity in diversity and challenges ahead","authors":"Fabio Pietrucci","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2017.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2017.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Computer simulations play an important role in the study of transformation processes of condensed matter, including phase transitions, chemical reactions, and conformational changes of biomolecules. In principle, atomic trajectories, such as those generated using the molecular dynamics approach, contain detailed structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic information about activated processes. In practice, due to free energy barriers, there is often a wide gap between the time scale of the transformation and the time scale accessible with simulations. This review offers a practical guide to the ingenious methods aimed to accelerate the exploration and reconstruction of free energy landscapes of complex systems. The focus is on basic unifying concepts, successful strategies, and pitfalls, illustrated with examples of application to scientific problems from different disciplines. The current challenges in the field consist mainly in the cumbersome identification of optimal reaction coordinates and in the extensive recourse to expert human supervision and fine tuning of the algorithms. The full achievement of wide-spectrum formulations and easy reproducibility of results would constitute the breakthrough necessary to enter the era of routine use of enhanced sampling simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2017.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

Path-entangled photon sources on nonlinear chips 非线性芯片上的路径纠缠光子源

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.003

Alexander S. Solntsev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov

{"title":"Path-entangled photon sources on nonlinear chips","authors":"Alexander S. Solntsev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photon entanglement has a range of applications from secure communication to the tests of quantum mechanics. Utilizing optical nonlinearity for the generation of entangled photons remains the most widely used approach due to its quality and simplicity. The on-chip integration of entangled light sources has enabled the increase of complexity and enhancement of stability compared to bulk optical implementations. Entanglement over different optical paths is uniquely suited for photonic chips, since waveguides are typically optimized for particular wavelength and polarization, making polarization- and frequency-entanglement less practical. In this review we focus on the latest developments in the field of on-chip nonlinear path-entangled photon sources. We provide a review of recent implementations and compare various approaches to tunability, including thermo-optical, electro-optical and all-optical tuning. We also discuss a range of important technical issues, in particular the on-chip separation of the pump and generated entangled photons. Finally, we review different quality control methods, including on-chip quantum tomography and recently discovered classical-quantum analogy that allows to characterize entangled photon sources by performing simple nonlinear measurements in the classical regime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47399790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

DUPLICATE: Solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger models: A survey of recent developments 耦合非线性Schrödinger模型中的孤子:近期发展综述

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/J.REVIP.2016.06.002

P. Kevrekidis, D. Frantzeskakis

引用次数: 1

Magneto-plasmonic nanoantennas: Basics and applications 磁等离子体纳米天线:基础与应用

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.03.002

Ivan S. Maksymov

引用次数: 91

Experimental investigation of the thriving mystery of sterile neutrinos 无菌中微子蓬勃发展之谜的实验研究

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.03.003

A. Fava

引用次数: 8

Cavity quantum electrodynamics in application to plasmonics and metamaterials 腔量子电动力学在等离子体和超材料中的应用

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001

Pavel Ginzburg

{"title":"Cavity quantum electrodynamics in application to plasmonics and metamaterials","authors":"Pavel Ginzburg","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frontier quantum engineering tasks require reliable control over light-matter interaction dynamics, which could be obtained by introducing electromagnetic structuring. Initiated by the Purcell's discovery of spontaneous emission acceleration in a cavity, the concept of electromagnetic modes' design have gained a considerable amount of attention due to development of photonic crystals, micro-resonators, plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. Those approaches, however, offer qualitatively different strategies for tailoring light-matter interactions and are based on either high quality factor modes shaping, near field control, or both. Remarkably, rigorous quantum mechanical description might address those processes in a different fashion. While traditional cavity quantum electrodynamics tools are commonly based on mode decomposition approach, few challenges rise once dispersive and lossy nanostructures, such as noble metals (plasmonic) antennas or metamaterials, are involved. The primary objective of this review is to introduce key methods and techniques while aiming to obtain comprehensive quantum mechanical description of spontaneous, stimulated and higher order emission and interaction processes, tailored by nanostructured material environment. The main challenge and the complexity here are set by the level of rigorousity, up to which materials should be treated. While relatively big nanostructured features (10nm and larger) could be addressed by applying fluctuation–dissipation theorem and corresponding Green functions' analysis, smaller objects will require individual approach. Effects of material granularity, spatial dispersion, tunneling over small gaps, material memory and others will be reviewed. Quantum phenomena, inspired and tailored by nanostructured environment, plays a key role in development of quantum information devices and related technologies. Rigorous analysis is required for both examination of experimental observations and prediction of new effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger models: A survey of recent developments 耦合非线性Schrödinger模型中的孤子:最新发展综述

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.07.002

P.G. Kevrekidis , D.J. Frantzeskakis

引用次数: 137

Alpha decay as a probe for the structure of neutron-deficient nuclei 用α衰变探测缺中子核的结构

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.05.001

Chong Qi

引用次数: 30

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on selectively grown GaN microfacets and the applications for phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes 选择性生长GaN微面上的InGaN/GaN多量子阱及其在无磷白光发光二极管中的应用

Reviews in Physics Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001

Yang G.F. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. , Lu Y.N. , Chen P. , Wu Z.L. , Gao S.M. , Chen G.Q.

{"title":"InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on selectively grown GaN microfacets and the applications for phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes","authors":"Yang G.F. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. , Lu Y.N. , Chen P. , Wu Z.L. , Gao S.M. , Chen G.Q.","doi":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphor-free InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantages of simpler device process and potentially higher efficiency, and have attracted much attention in recent years. A host of technologies are emerging for implementing such white-light LEDs. Among them, the key issue is the color tuning of different emission wavelengths from InGaN/GaN MQWs with different indium (In) content. However, owing to the limited growth technology for long-wavelength InGaN/GaN MQWs with high In content, it is very attractive to study selective area epitaxy (SAE) of InGaN/GaN MQWs on GaN microstructures with non- or semipolar microfacets combined with (0001) <em>c</em>-plane. In this paper, we briefly review the previous developments of InGaN/GaN MQW based phosphor-free white light LEDs, then the particular technology for the growth of InGaN/GaN MQWs on the regrown GaN microfacets using SAE has been introduced, and related mechanisms for the formation of different non- or semipolar GaN microfacets fabricated by various mask patterns are discussed in detail. Furthermore, sophisticated approaches made use of the InGaN/GaN MQWs on GaN microfacets to fabricated phosphor-free white light LEDs with polychromatic emissions are reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37875,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.revip.2016.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54995915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20