Crime Science最新文献_第3页

Operationalizing deployment time in police calls for service 在报警服务中落实部署时间

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00198-z

Samuel Langton, Tim Verlaan, Stijn Ruiter

{"title":"Operationalizing deployment time in police calls for service","authors":"Samuel Langton, Tim Verlaan, Stijn Ruiter","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00198-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00198-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Analyses of emergency calls for service data in the United States suggest that around 50% of dispatched police deployment time is spent on crime-related incidents. The remainder of time is spent in a social service capacity: attending well-being checks and resolving disturbances, for instance. These findings have made a considerable contribution to the discourse around public perceptions of the police and the distribution of public funds towards (or away) from law enforcement. Yet, an outstanding issue remains. No investigation has been undertaken into whether findings are robust to the different ways in which ‘time spent’ is operationalized in these studies. Using dispatch data for Amsterdam during 2019, this study compares three operationalizations of ‘time spent’. Additionally, in order to provide some context on the potential mechanisms through which these different operationalizations might yield different results, we report on dispatch numbers per incident category and provide an initial exploration into ‘multi-dispatch’ incident types. We find that general proportional breakdowns are fairly robust to the time measure used. However, for some incident categories (e.g. Health) and incident types (e.g. Shootings), analyzed in isolation, the results are not robust to the different operationalizations. We propose that the mechanism explaining this lack of robustness can be traced to the high dispatch numbers for specific incident categories and types, particularly those with an imminent threat to life.</p> <p><em>Preregistration</em>: This study has been preregistered under the title: <em>Scale and composition of emergency reactive police demand in Amsterdam, Netherlands</em> (https://osf.io/qgwv6/).</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138743723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictors of police response time: a scoping review 警察反应时间的预测因素:范围审查

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00194-3

Tim Verlaan, Stijn Ruiter

{"title":"Predictors of police response time: a scoping review","authors":"Tim Verlaan, Stijn Ruiter","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00194-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00194-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background As rapid response has been a key policing strategy for police departments around the globe, so has police response time been a key performance indicator. This scoping review maps and assesses the variables that predict police response time. Methods This review considers empirical studies, written in english, that include quantitative data from which an association between the outcome variable police response time and any predictor can be observed or derived. This review provides both a narrative synthesis as well as what we termed a hybrid synthesis , a novel way of synthesizing a large quantitative dataset which is considered too rich for a mere narrative synthesis and yet does not allow for meta-analysis. Results The search, screening and selection process yielded 39 studies, which presented 630 associations between 122 unique predictor variables and police response time. In order to present the results in a digestible way, we classified these into categories and subcategories. All methodological steps and the findings are made public: https://github.com/timverlaan/prt . Conclusions Most of the conclusion and discussion focuses on lessons learned and recommendations for future research, as it proved hard to draw any definitive conclusions on causal factors related to police response time. We recommend that future studies clearly describe mechanisms, focus on the components of police response time (reporting time, dispatch time, travel time—or a combination of these), attempt to standardize predictors and outcome variables, and we call for more research into reporting time . We conclude this review with a first attempt at deriving a causal model of police response time from the subcategories of predictor variables we observed in the empirical studies included in this review. Trail Registration : https://osf.io/hu2e9 .","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":"240 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Counterfeits on dark markets: a measurement between Jan-2014 and Sep-2015 黑市上的假货:2014年1月至2015年9月的测量

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00195-2

Felix Soldner, Bennett Kleinberg, Shane D. Johnson

{"title":"Counterfeits on dark markets: a measurement between Jan-2014 and Sep-2015","authors":"Felix Soldner, Bennett Kleinberg, Shane D. Johnson","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00195-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00195-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Counterfeits harm consumers, governments, and intellectual property holders. They accounted for 3.3% of worldwide trades in 2016, having an estimated value of $509 billion in the same year. Estimations in the literature are mostly based on border seizures, but in this paper, we examined openly labeled counterfeits on darknet markets, which allowed us to gather and analyze information from a different perspective. Here, we analyzed data from 11 darknet markets for the period Jan-2014 and Sep-2015. The findings suggest that darknet markets harbor similar counterfeit product types to those found in seizures but that the share of watches is higher while the share of electronics, clothes, shoes, and Tobacco is lower on darknet markets. Also, darknet market counterfeits seem to have similar shipping origins as seized goods, with some exceptions, such as a relatively high share (5%) of dark market counterfeits originating from the US. Lastly, counterfeits on dark markets tend to have a relatively low price and sales volume. However, based on preliminary estimations, the equivalent products on the surface web appear to be advertised for a multiple of the prices found for darknet markets. We provide some suggestions on how information about darknet market counterfeits could be used by companies and authorities for preventative purposes, showing that insight gathering from the dark web is valuable and could be a cost-effective alternative (or compliment) to border seizures. Thus, monitoring darknet markets can help us understand the counterfeit landscape better.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analysis of protesting activity and trauma through mathematical and statistical models 通过数学和统计模型分析抗议活动和创伤

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00197-0

Nancy Rodríguez, David White

{"title":"An analysis of protesting activity and trauma through mathematical and statistical models","authors":"Nancy Rodríguez, David White","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00197-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00197-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect that different police protest management methods have on protesters’ physical and mental trauma is still not well understood and is a matter of debate. In this paper, we take a two-pronged approach to gain insight into this issue. First, we perform statistical analysis on time series data of protests provided by ACLED and spanning the period of time from January 1, 2020, until March 13, 2021. After observing the data, it becomes apparent that employing kinetic impact projectiles is correlated with an increase in protests in the following days. Moreover, it serves as a more accurate indicator of the subsequent death toll compared to the mere number of protests. This leads to the conclusion that the utilization of less-lethal weapons appears to provoke rather than quell protests, exhibiting an inflammatory effect. Next, we provide a mathematical framework to model modern, but well-established social psychology research on compliance theory and crowd dynamics. Our results show that understanding the heterogeneity of the crowd is key for protests that lead to a reduction of social tension and minimization of physical and mental trauma in protesters.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and associated factors of self-reported sexual aggression in the Belgian population aged 16–69 比利时16-69岁人群自我报告性侵犯的特征及相关因素

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00196-1

Evelyn Schapansky, Ines Keygnaert, Christophe Vandeviver

引用次数: 0

Do police stations deter crime? 警察局能阻止犯罪吗?

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00193-4

Rémi Boivin, Silas Nogueira de Melo

{"title":"Do police stations deter crime?","authors":"Rémi Boivin, Silas Nogueira de Melo","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00193-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00193-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose The introduction of community policing led to a significant increase in the number of police stations, particularly in urban settings. Police stations are largely assumed to have an impact on crime but there are few studies dedicated to the issue. Methods The concept of deterrence suggests a negative relationship between police and crime: an increased police presence should lead to a reduction of crime. While it is difficult to directly test that relationship, the present study takes advantage of two recent events in Montreal (Canada) to test the hypothesis that the closure of a police station causes an increase of crime in the surrounding area. Andresen’s Spatial point pattern tests and Wheeler and Ratcliffe’ weight displacement difference tests were conducted. Findings While tests suggest that crime geographic patterns were dissimilar pre- and post-closure, none of those differences support the deterrence hypothesis because the number of areas in which an increase in crime was recorded is lower than would be expected by chance. Similarly, decreases in breaking and entering, mischief, theft in or on vehicles and total crime were found, which does not support the deterrence hypothesis. Conclusions The study of hotspot policing led to the belief that police presence needs to be concentrated in both time and space if it is to have a significant preventive impact on crime. It also led to the development of strategies of concentrated policing that encompass a variety of prevention actions aimed at specific individuals, specific crime types, and/or specific areas. Police stations provide something different: a concentrated presence at one point location with the ability to deploy to respond to any crime, at any time, in a particular area.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of measurement error in police recorded crime rates through sensitivity analysis 通过敏感性分析探讨测量误差对警方记录犯罪率的影响

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00192-5

J. Pina-Sánchez, I. brunton-smith, David Buil-Gil, A. Cernat

引用次数: 0

Measuring the impact of the state of emergency on crime trends in Japan: a panel data analysis 衡量紧急状态对日本犯罪趋势的影响:小组数据分析

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00187-2

T. Shimada, Ai Suzuki, Mamoru Amemiya

引用次数: 0

Circumstances, policing, and attrition of multiple compared to single perpetrator rape cases within the South African criminal justice system 南非刑事司法系统内多人强奸案与单人强奸案的情况、治安和自然减员