Health and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Insidious systems: a scoping review of Black youth and the criminal justice system in Canada.","authors":"Joshua E Yusuf, Gervin Apatinga, Barbara-Ann Hamilton-Hinch, Annette Bailey, W Andy Knight, Geoffrey Maina, Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo, Bukola Salami","doi":"10.1186/s40352-026-00396-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-026-00396-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTION: A growing concern within and beyond Black communities is the increasing injustices faced by Black children and youth, especially the indelible injustices imposed in their involvement with the Canadian criminal justice system. This study conducts a scoping review of the existing literature on Black youth involvement with the Canadian criminal justice system. METHODS: The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five step framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We broadly searched seven databases for studies focusing on Black children and youth (0–30 years) in Canada. This scoping review reports data extracted from 35 criminal-justice related studies. RESULTS: Research on Black youth and the criminal justice system in Canada has grown since 2000, with most studies (60%) focusing on Ontario. Findings were categorized by systems (child welfare, education, and health) and their interactions with the criminal justice system. Black youth’s contact with the criminal justice system is an extension of their daily interactions and experiences within other systems, where decisions, actions, and culture are underscored by processes of racial injustice. CONCLUSIONS: While there is more attention to research on Black youth involvement with the Canadian criminal justice system, more work is needed to understand their experiences at different levels of involvement with the Canadian criminal justice system, in order to guide and advance the development of relevant policies, strategies, and interventions. Focused efforts should be directed at addressing anti-Black racism within Canadian systems, particularly in child welfare, healthcare, and education, due to their deep and troubling connection to the criminal justice system. </p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To better understand why people use new psychoactive substances in prison - outcomes of polish, qualitative study.","authors":"Łukasz Wieczorek, Katarzyna Dąbrowska","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00348-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00348-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) have become increasingly prevalent in prison environments, serving both social and emotional functions. While research has extensively examined NPS use in the general population, little is known about the specific motivations driving their use among incarcerated individuals. Given the restrictive nature of prison life, substance use motivations may differ from those outside correctional facilities. This study aimed to identify the key motives behind NPS use among prisoners in Poland.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with prisoners and 32 individual interviews with staff were conducted in polish prisons and detention centers. Two main categories of motivations were identified: adaptation to prison rules and emotional regulation. The first category included gaining recognition and status among inmates, avoiding legal consequences due to NPS' lower detectability in drug tests, and economic incentives, as NPS serve as a form of currency in prison. Emotional motivations included stress relief, boredom, coping with isolation, family-related distress, and the continuation of pre-incarceration substance use. According to current study prisoners primarily use NPS as a coping mechanism within the prison environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using NPS in prisons allows to better adapt to the specific conditions of prison life and regulate the emotions associated with being in prison. The properties of NPS make them a strong alternative to traditional drugs in prison settings. The findings emphasize the need for prison-specific prevention and intervention strategies that address both the structural and emotional factors contributing to NPS use. Future research should focus on assessing the prevalence of NPS use in correctional settings and evaluating the effectiveness of existing preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":" ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving access to healthcare services for people experiencing homelessness: evidence from a scoping review of interventions.","authors":"Francesca Meda, Natalia Oprea, Claudio Buongiorno Sottoriva","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00384-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00384-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>People experiencing homelessness display substantial health inequalities when compared to the housed population. Existing studies on access tend to focus on isolated initiatives within specific geographic contexts, often lacking in comparative analyses. The research aims to address this gap, answering to the question \"which types of interventions support access to care for people experiencing homelessness?\" and thus providing evidence on the types of interventions that foster access to healthcare services for people experiencing homelessness.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We performed a scoping review of scientific literature published between 2000 and 2023. Included studies focused on interventions improving access to care services for people experiencing homelessness. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted, and findings were synthesised and assessed against the Levesque framework of access to care.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Forty-eight studies were included. Healthcare services varied from primary care to outpatient, mental health, prevention, emergency and hospital-based care. Four main types of interventions were determined, answering various access needs. Outreach and community-based interventions were found to ensure available and acceptable responses for people experiencing homelessness; case management and peer support were considered relevant for navigation across and towards services; service integration and coordination efforts were deemed as essential in offering complete responses for multifaceted and complex needs; and digital healthcare interventions proved to make health information more reachable.</p><p><strong>Originality: </strong>This paper sheds light on the inner complexity of this target population and informs about valuable strategies and approaches that can be pursued when designing and implementing interventions to improve people experiencing homelessness access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12729248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You're an inmate just deal with it\": experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Erinn Bacchus, Sergio Rivera Rodriguez, Keith Gordon, Naomi Zewde","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00391-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic posed uniquely dire challenges in New York City's jails. Rates of infection and fatality well exceeded those of the general population as the virus spread through congregate residences, heightening the city's status as an early epicenter. Using an inductive, grounded theory approach, we conduct 12 in-depth interviews with persons incarcerated in these jails early in the pandemic to elicit their perspectives on the carceral system's ability to deliver healthcare services and a safe residence. Participants describe concerns of overcrowding, insufficient protective equipment, and difficulty accessing healthcare through a lens of interpersonal hierarchy, illustrating how their relationships with one another and with jail staff determined their access to public health measures. The data highlight how incarceration revokes individuals' autonomy and imposes a power dependent, hierarchical relational structure. That context complicates or precludes the development of mutual trust needed for effective public health interventions. We posit entrusting external entities with health communication during a disease outbreak as a mitigation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12822041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of behavioral health care quality for justice-involved veterans: a multi-jurisdictional analysis of Veterans Treatment Court team insights.","authors":"Kimberly Kras, Patti Butterfield, James Byrne, Sabrina Rapisarda, Don Hummer, Kelly Socia","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00386-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00386-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: A key function of Veterans Treatment Courts (VTCs) is the facilitation of behavioral health care for criminal justice-involved veterans, and this care may occur in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities and/or in the community. This study explores the perceived quality of care in these two settings based on interviews with 145 VTC team members from 20 court jurisdictions across the United States (US). RESULTS: Team members’ observations were classified into six quality of care themes: qualified mental health professionals, timely access to services, empirically supported interventions, veteran-centered care, effective service delivery methods, and coordinated treatment. Within each theme, team members identified a series of issues and concerns. In some instances, concerns were noted across treatment settings and in other instances concerns were specific to VHA or community-based care. CONCLUSIONS: Several issues raised by VTC team members mirrored broader concerns within the US mental health system, but other issues were specific to criminal justice-involved veterans. VTC team members’ observations related to each theme were compared with existing research, revealing empirical support for the majority of identified concerns while also highlighting potential misconceptions about quality of care. </p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A content analysis of caregiver perspectives on strengths and protective factors in youth with FASD and criminal legal system involvement.","authors":"Chantel Ritter, Kaitlyn McLachlan, Oriana De Wolff, C Meghan McMurtry, Margaret Lumley","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00371-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00371-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience complex challenges and may be at an increased risk of contact with the criminal legal system (CLS). However, youth and their families often have strengths and resources that can be leveraged to support positive outcomes. Research in both the FASD and the youth CLS literatures have been predominantly deficit-focused, research that includes strengths and protective factors presents a more balanced perspective and is being recognized as important for youth with FASD. As such, using a directed content analysis guided by the Values in Action (VIA) character strengths framework, the current study explored the perspectives of caregivers regarding strengths and protective factors present in their youth with FASD and CLS involvement. Caregivers reported on 32 independent youth (87.5% male), all of whom had confirmed or suspected FASD and had current or past involvement with the criminal legal system between the ages of 12 and 24. Caregivers mentioned individual-level strengths and protective factors most frequently, followed by relational/familial level factors and broader contextual level factors. Of the individual-level strengths mentioned, over three quarters (76.4%) fell within the VIA character strengths framework. Results suggest that strengths are present in this population across ecological system levels. Findings contribute to a shared understanding of factors that promote overall wellbeing for youth with FASD and CLS involvement from a caregiver perspective. Approaches promoting strengths use may be an advantageous, under-researched method for enhancing well-being in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12681167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of digital and algorithm-based alert systems in policing mental health crises: a scoping review.","authors":"Therese Bäckman, Elin Sandegård, Charlotta Thodelius","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00385-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00385-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This scoping review explores how police and health care use digital and algorithm-based alert systems to flag individuals with mental illness. Eight studies were included, covering both police systems and health care-initiated systems to alert law enforcement.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The findings suggest that digital and algorithm-based alert systems can support decision-making and improve police interactions with individuals experiencing mental health issues. However, in health care settings the systems are motivated by workplace safety concerns and in policing from an efficiency perspective, stressing collaborative crisis response between police and health care services. Additionally, information sharing and collaboration between police and health care services benefit from such technology. However, the use of these systems also raises ethical concerns and risks of potential stigmatization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review highlights the importance of balancing efficiency and ethical consideration when implementing digital and algorithm-based alert systems in mental-health related policing. Thereto forthcoming studies need to consider if and how frontline policing will benefit from digital and algorithm-based alert systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12670760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145655923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: U.S. Jails and fatal drug overdoses: patterns, predictors and the role of rehabilitative contexts.","authors":"Victor St John, Tasha Perdue, Jason Szkola, Mijin Kim, Katharine McGrath, Noa Glover, Josh Sugino","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00387-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00387-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening community services to keep individuals with mental illness out of jail: a qualitative analysis of implementation mechanisms in 52 U.S. Counties.","authors":"Jennifer E Johnson, Maji Hailemariam, Faye Taxman, Benjamin J Mackey, Hiywote Eshetu, Jiaxin Wei, Olzhas Zhorayev, Neelam Shukla, Niloofar Ramezani, Rochelle Rosen","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00390-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00390-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Identifying mechanisms of implementation approaches helps improve them. This qualitative analysis examined how hypothesized mechanisms (performance monitoring, interagency teams, common goals/mission across agencies, and system integration) influenced implementation outcomes (number of evidence-based services [adoption], people served [reach], and resources to support evidence-based services [component of sustainment]) in county-level efforts to improve community services to keep people with mental illness out of jails. METHODS: Our study statistician chose a representative sample of 60 U.S. counties and respondents from a sampling frame consisting of community mental health, community substance use, jail, and probation administrators in 950 U.S. counties. We reached and interviewed representatives from 52 of 60 counties (68 respondents in 52 interviews). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, de-identified, and coded using thematic analysis with deductive codes. Study team members created analysis summaries for each mechanism, which were reviewed and verified by other team members. RESULTS: Administrators viewed all hypothesized implementation mechanisms as helpful for at least one outcome. They viewed performance monitoring (tracking metrics over time) as helping counties obtain resources to provide services, re-allocate existing services to better meet clients’ needs, and provided feedback needed to improve services. Interagency teams (i.e., regular meetings with multiple agencies) increased integration and continuity of care across treatment and jail/probation settings, improved client mental health and substance use outcomes, provided access to additional trainings and programs, and helped to change attitudes and policies to support evidence-based practices. Agreement on goals and mission across agencies improved availability of evidence-based practices, client outcomes, and collaboration between community providers and criminal justice partners, and facilitated interagency problem-solving. Integration of care across agencies helped get clients faster, more appropriate care, eliminating unnecessary frustration, illness, incarceration, and suffering. The presence of one mechanism tended to support use of other mechanisms. Representatives from small and medium/large population counties viewed mechanisms as similarly helpful. However, medium/large counties were often further along enacting the mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Respondents described performance monitoring, interagency teams, common goals across agencies, and system integration improving number of evidence-based services, people served, and resources for improving community services to keep people with mental illness out of jails. </p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12771988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers, beliefs, and biomedical prevention: a qualitative study of PrEP among justice-involved peripregnant women who use drugs.","authors":"Teresa A Chueng, Krystle Culbertson, Kelby James, Danielle Estes, Katrina Ciraldo, Edward Suarez, Hansel E Tookes, Tyler S Bartholomew, Kathryn M Nowotny","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00382-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00382-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripregnant women who use drugs and are involved in the criminal legal system (CLS) face elevated risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition due to overlapping vulnerabilities, including sexual violence, structural instability, and limited access to preventive healthcare. The unique needs of this population are routinely overlooked in both clinical practice and research. This qualitative study explores peripregnant women's perspectives on HIV risk, attitudes toward pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and opportunities for PrEP programming in jail settings and during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 27 women in Miami-Dade County who met the following criteria: (1) peripregnancy experience, (2) history of drug use and CLS involvement, and (3) HIV-negative status. Participants were recruited through community-based outreach. Data collection was grounded in trauma-informed methods and community partnership. Data were transcribed and examined through a reflexive thematic analysis, employing a general inductive methodology. Coding was performed through an iterative process by an interdisciplinary team with diverse backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are five major themes: (1) perceptions of HIV risk and risk reduction strategies; (2) knowledge and attitudes toward PrEP; (3) preferences for PrEP delivery modalities; (4) PrEP programming in jail; and (5) perspectives on PrEP use during pregnancy. Women generally viewed PrEP positively, especially long-acting formulations like injectables and implantable devices (in development). However, they also expressed concerns about adherence, stigma, drug interactions, and fetal safety. Jail was identified as a key site for intervention, though participants emphasized the need for confidentiality and robust education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore the urgency of designing patient-informed, context-responsive PrEP interventions that center the lived realities of CLS-involved peripregnant women who use drugs. Prioritizing long-acting PrEP options and integrating services into jail and community-based settings rooted in trauma-informed care and privacy protections can enhance uptake. These strategies are essential to reducing HIV incidence and advancing the goals of the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12659370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}