Health and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Correction: \"When people who use drugs can't differentiate between medical care and cops, it's a problem.\" Compounding risks of law enforcement harassment & punitive healthcare policies.","authors":"Bayla Ostrach, Vanessa Hixon, Ainsley Bryce","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00270-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-024-00270-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11031967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-sector stakeholder consensus on tackling the complex health and social needs of the growing population of people leaving prison in older age.","authors":"Ye In Jane Hwang, Stephen Hampton, Adrienne Lee Withall, Phillip Snoyman, Katrina Forsyth, Tony Butler","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00271-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00271-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As populations age globally, cooperation across multi-sector stakeholders is increasingly important to service older persons, particularly those with high and complex health and social needs. One such population is older people entering society after a period of incarceration in prison. The 'ageing epidemic' in prisons worldwide has caught the attention of researchers, governments and community organisations, who identify challenges in servicing this group as they re-enter the community. Challenges lie across multiple sectors, with inadequate support leading to dire consequences for public health, social welfare and recidivism. This is the first study to bring together multi-sector stakeholders from Australia to form recommendations for improving health and social outcomes for older people re-entering community after imprisonment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A modified nominal group technique was used to produce recommendations from N = 15 key stakeholders across prison health, corrections, research, advocacy, aged care, community services, via online workshops. The importance and priority of these recommendations was validated by a broader sample of N = 44 stakeholders, using an online survey. Thirty-six recommendations for improving outcomes for this population were strongly supported. The key issues underlying the recommendations included: improved multi-stakeholder systems and services, targeted release preparation and practices that ensure continuity of care, advocacy-focused initiatives in the community, and extended funding for effective programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is consensus across stakeholders on ways forward, with intervention and policy updates required at the individual, systems and community levels. These recommendations entail two important findings about this population: (1) They are a high-needs, unique, and underserved group at risk of significant health and social inequity in the community, (2) Multi-sector stakeholder cooperation will be crucial to service this growing group.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model.","authors":"Kreeti Singh, Christine Timko, Mengfei Yu, Emmeline Taylor, Jessica Blue-Howells, Andrea K Finlay","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A previous scoping review of legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare (1947-2017) identified studies and their limitations. Given the influx of literature published recently, this study aimed to update the previous review and map articles to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model (V-SIM) - a conceptual model used by key partners, including Veterans Health Administration, veteran advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and local governments to identify intercept points in the criminal legal system where resources and programming can be provided. Developing an updated resource of literature is essential to inform current research, discover gaps, and highlight areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of 5 databases identified articles related to legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare published between December 2017 through December 2022. The first and senior authors conducted abstract reviews, full-text reviews, and data extraction of study characteristics. Finally, each article was sorted by the various intercept points from the V-SIM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 903 potentially relevant articles, 107 peer-reviewed publications were included in this review, most related to mental health (66/107, 62%) and used an observational quantitative study design (95/107, 89%). Although most articles did not explicitly use the V-SIM to guide data collection, analyses, or interpretation, all could be mapped to this conceptual model. Half of the articles (54/107, 50%) collected data from intercept 5 (Community Corrections and Support Intercept) of the V-SIM. No articles gathered data from intercepts 0 (Community and Emergency Services Intercept), 1 (Law Enforcement Intercept), or 2 (Initial Detention and Court Hearings Intercept).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were 107 articles published in the last five years compared to 190 articles published in 70 years covered in the last review, illustrating the growing interest in legal-involved veterans. The V-SIM is widely used by front-line providers and clinical leadership, but not by researchers to guide their work. By clearly tying their research to the V-SIM, researchers could generate results to help guide policy and practice at specific intercept points. Despite the large number of publications, research on prevention and early intervention for legal-involved veterans is lacking, indicating areas of great need for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11027330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custodial and perinatal care patterns of women who received prenatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system, 2014-2019.","authors":"Melissa J Zielinski, Mollee Steely Smith, Alleigh Stahman","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00268-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-024-00268-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extraordinary growth in women's incarceration over the past several decades has resulted in calls for expansion of research into their unique needs and experiences, including those related to pregnancy and perinatal care. However, while research into the health outcomes of women who are incarcerated while pregnant has grown, research on women's custodial and perinatal care patterns has remained nearly non-existent. Here, we sought to describe (1) the characteristics of the population of women who came to be incarcerated in a state prison system during pregnancy and (2) the characteristics of women's custodial and perinatal care patterns during and after incarceration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart review of the population of women who received perinatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system over a 5-year period from June 2014 to May 2019. Electronic medical records and state prison records were merged to form our study population. Data were from 212 women (Mage = 28.4 years; 75.0% non-Latina White) with a singleton pregnancy who received at least one obstetric care visit while incarcerated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drug-related convictions were the most common crimes leading to women's incarceration while pregnant, and violent crime convictions were rare. Nearly half (43.4%) of women who gave birth in custody did so within 90 days of admission and the great majority (80.4%) released within 1-year of giving birth, including 13.3% who released within 30 days.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The frequency with which women who became incarcerated while pregnant released from prison either prior to or shortly after giving birth was a striking, novel finding of this study given the implications for perinatal care disruption among a high-risk population and the harms of forced separation from infants within hours of birth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diversionary programs for pregnant women convicted of crimes, particularly in states without current access, are urgently needed and should be a priority for future policy work.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We wish we had the option\": a qualitative study of women's perspectives and experiences with contraception in a provincial prison in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Reilly Jones, Sasha Lemberg-Pelly, Brigid Dineley, Jessica Jurgutis, Fiona G Kouyoumdjian, Jessica Liauw","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00269-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-024-00269-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggests that women who are incarcerated desire access to contraception while incarcerated, and that this need is not currently being met. Our objective in this study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of women in prisons regarding contraception and contraception access using data from focus groups with women in a provincial prison. We analyzed focus group data collected in a provincial prison in Ontario, Canada using content analysis and a constructivist epistemology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted three focus groups, each approximately one hour in length. Discussions revolved around (1) knowledge and decision making about contraception, (2) accessing contraception, and (3) ideas for increasing access to contraception in the prison setting. Decision making about contraception was mainly related to concerns about side effects, consistent access to care, impacts on future fertility, and autonomy around decision-making. Participants discussed a wide range of experiences with contraception. Ideas for increasing access to contraception included information sessions, inclusion of discussions about contraception as a component of admission and release planning, and time spent in prison as a crucial juncture for decision-making about contraception.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More qualitative research is needed to better understand the needs of women in prisons related to contraception. The findings of this study suggest that programs should focus on consistency and continuity of access to care, education opportunities, and integration of discussions about contraception into official admission and release procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11010403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of confined youth.","authors":"Lin Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00267-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-024-00267-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented threat to the mental health of youth due to its attendant, drastic changes in everyday life brought about by restrictions such as social distancing and the cancelation of in-person classes. Although numerous articles have discussed the impact of the pandemic on youths' mental health, most of them have been opinion pieces. This study used state-wide empirical data to quantify the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic on the mental health of confined youth, a vulnerable social group that is rarely represented in school survey data. Group comparisons of youth who entered juvenile justice facilities during pandemic and non-pandemic times were also conducted. Findings revealed that youth who entered residential facilities during the pandemic due to criminal offenses had higher rates of prior mental health problems and victimization. With major confounders controlled, multivariate regression results showed that the impact of the pandemic on confined youths' mental health is indirect: it conditioned the effect of underage drinking on the youths' mental health. Youth who were admitted into facilities during the pandemic were more likely to experience mental health problems than their peers who entered facilities during non-pandemic times. Implications for policymaking are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who gets screened and who tests positive? Drug screening among justice-involved youth in a midwestern urban county.","authors":"Richelle L Clifton, Ian Carson, Allyson L Dir, Wanzhu Tu, Tamika C B Zapolski, Matthew C Aalsma","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00273-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-024-00273-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given high rates of substance use among justice-involved youth, justice systems have attempted to monitor use through drug screening (DS) procedures. However, there is discretion in deciding who is screened for substance use, as not every youth who encounters the system is screened. The aim of the current study was to examine factors associated with selection for and results of oral DS among justice-involved youth assigned to probation to better inform potential DS policy. Electronic court records from 4,668 youth with first-incident records assigned to probation in a midwestern urban county's juvenile justice system between 2011 and 2016 were included in the analytical sample. Race/ethnicity, gender, age, number of charges and charge type for the current incident were included as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that males were more likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.40, 95%CI [0.34, 0.46]), and more likely to test positive for use (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.34, 0.54]) than females. As age increased, youth were less likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.87, 0.94]), with non-significant differences in DS results. Greater number of charges were associated with a higher likelihood of being assigned to DS (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.43, 1.68]). Youth with violent offenses were more likely to be assigned to DS than those with other offense types (property offenses, drug offenses, statutory offenses, disorderly conduct, and all other offenses), but less likely to test positive for use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many factors were associated with differences in DS, but these factors were not always associated with differential DS results. Demographic or charge-based decisions may not be appropriate for DS assignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10997690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural and urban clinician views on COVID-19's impact on substance use treatment for individuals on community supervision in Kentucky.","authors":"Carrie B Oser, Maria Rockett, Sebastian Otero, Evan Batty, Marisa Booty, Rachel Gressick, Michele Staton, Hannah K Knudsen","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00266-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00266-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic produced system-level changes within the criminal legal system and community-based substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system with impacts on recovery efforts. This study examines rural and urban clinicians' perspectives of COVID-19 on SUD treatment delivery for people on community supervision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Virtual qualitative interviews were conducted between April and October 2020 with 25 community supervision clinicians employed by Kentucky's Department of Corrections (DOC), who conduct assessments and facilitate community-based treatment linkages for individuals on probation or parole. Transcripts were analyzed in NVivo using directed content analysis methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinicians were predominantly white (92%) and female (88%) with an average of over 9 years working in the SUD treatment field and 4.6 years in their current job. Four COVID-19 themes were identified by both rural and urban clinicians including: (1) telehealth increases the modes of communication, but (2) also creates paperwork and technological challenges, (3) telehealth requires more effort for inter/intra-agency collaboration, and (4) it limits client information (e.g., no urine drug screens). Two additional rural-specific themes emerged related to COVID-19: (5) increasing telehealth options removes SUD treatment transportation barriers and (6) requires flexibility with programmatic requirements for rural clients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate the need for community-based SUD treatment providers approved or contracted by DOC to support and train clients to access technology and improve information-sharing with community supervision officers. A positive lesson learned from COVID-19 transitions was a reduction in costly travel for rural clients, allowing for greater engagement and treatment adherence. Telehealth should continue to be included within the SUD continuum of care, especially to promote equitable services for individuals from rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying structural risk factors for overdose following incarceration: a concept mapping study.","authors":"Samantha K Nall, Cole Jurecka, Anthony Ammons, Avel Rodriguez, Betsy Craft, Craig Waleed, Daniel Dias, Jessie Henderson, Joshua Boyer, Kristina Yamkovoy, Pallavi Aytha Swathi, Prasad Patil, Forrest Behne, Katherine LeMasters, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Joshua A Barocas","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00265-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00265-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, there are more than two million people in prisons or jails, with nearly two-thirds meeting the criteria for a substance use disorder. Following these patterns, overdose is the leading cause of death following release from prison and the third leading cause of death during periods of incarceration in jails. Traditional quantitative methods analyzing the factors associated with overdose following incarceration may fail to capture structural and environmental factors present in specific communities. People with lived experiences in the criminal legal system and with substance use disorder hold unique perspectives and must be involved in the research process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify perceived factors that impact overdose following release from incarceration among people with direct criminal legal involvement and experience with substance use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within a community-engaged approach to research, we used concept mapping to center the perspectives of people with personal experience with the carceral system. The following prompt guided our study: \"What do you think are some of the main things that make people who have been in jail or prison more and less likely to overdose?\" Individuals participated in three rounds of focus groups, which included brainstorming, sorting and rating, and community interpretation. We used the Concept Systems Inc. platform groupwisdom for our analyses and constructed cluster maps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight individuals (ages 33 to 53) from four states participated. The brainstorming process resulted in 83 unique factors that impact overdose. The concept mapping process resulted in five clusters: (1) Community-Based Prevention, (2) Drug Use and Incarceration, (3) Resources for Treatment for Substance Use, (4) Carceral Factors, and (5) Stigma and Structural Barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides critical insight into community-identified factors associated with overdose following incarceration. These factors should be accounted for during resource planning and decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10936003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deaths among adults under supervision of the England and Wales' probation services: variation in individual and criminal justice-related factors by cause of death.","authors":"Karen Slade, Lucy Justice, Frederica Martijn, Rohan Borschmann, Thom Baguley","doi":"10.1186/s40352-024-00263-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-024-00263-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mortality rate among people under probation supervision in the community is greater than that among incarcerated people and that among the general population. However, there is limited research on the distinct vulnerabilities and risks underlying the causes of death in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the individual and criminal justice-related factors associated with different causes of death. Factors were assessed in relation to the type of supervision, distinguishing between those under post-custodial release and those serving a community sentence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study utilised the official data held by His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service in England and Wales on the deaths of men and women under probation supervision between 01 April 2019 and 31 March 2021 where the cause of death had been definitively recorded (n = 1770). The high risk of deaths primarily caused by external factors (i.e., suspected suicide (10%), homicide (5%), and drug-related death (26%)) in this population was confirmed. A Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) demonstrated unique relationships with suspected suicide and drug-related deaths for known suicide risk, history of drug use and recent (< 28 days of death) enforcement action due to a breach of probation conditions. Our findings suggest that that familial violence and abuse may be relevant in suicide and drug-related deaths and that minority groups may experience disproportional risk to certain types of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified unique risk indicators and modifiable factors for deaths primarily caused by external factors in this population within the health and justice spheres. It emphasised the importance of addressing health inequalities in this population and improved joint-working across health and justice. This involves ensuring that research, policies, training, and services are responsive to the complex needs of those under probation supervision, including those serving community sentences. Only then can we hope to see lower rates of death within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}