Health and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Methods and Observations from Routinely Collected Electronic Health Record Data in a Nationwide Jail Population: Introducing the Registry of Electronic Archives in Correctional Healthcare (REACH) Database.","authors":"Amber Simpler, Adam Natoli, Yash Patade, William Jett","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00345-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00345-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recognizing the disparate health status of correctional populations compared to the general population, national agencies have called for research to better understand disease epidemiology and healthcare needs of individuals in jails. This paper introduces the Registry of Electronic Archives in Correctional Healthcare (REACH) database - a largescale, multivariable living database derived from electronic healthcare records (EHR) of individuals discharged from jails across the nation beginning in 2013. We describe methods used to secure data, detail current database contents, and offer an initial presentation of sample demography. To demonstrate REACH's utility, an investigation of factors contributing to length of stay (LOS), including demography, health status, and jail characteristics, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current REACH sample (N = 1,251,837) is primarily comprised of males (72.0%) identified racially as White (55.3%) in their mid-30's. While detained, approximately 20% and 17% of individuals were prescribed treatment for chronic medical and/or mental health conditions, respectively. Multilevel modeling was used to examine if sex, race, health condition, and/or jail location or size predicted LOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By accessing EHR data, we can expand our understanding of assessment and treatment of specific healthcare conditions in jail populations and address complicated questions about health status of detainees. Data analysis using the REACH database suggests LOS is influenced slightly by jail characteristics and more substantively by detainee demography and medical/mental health conditions. We propose the REACH database's potential for answering important questions about health status and healthcare services for jail populations, including questions about epidemiology and correctional healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of intimate partner violence among black women in community supervision programs who use drugs: a latent class analysis.","authors":"Ariel Richer, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Mingway Chang, Elwin Wu, Brooke West, Nabila El-Bassel, Louisa Gilbert","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00347-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00347-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately affects Black women who use drugs and those mandated to community supervision programs (CSPs). Societal responses to minoritized identities such as being a woman who has sex with women and men (WSWM) and using substances further increases the risk. This study sought to 1) identify patterns of IPV perpetrated by male partners and 2) examine membership to latent classes and associations to WSWM and other sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. This is a secondary data analysis using baseline survey data from the E-WORTH randomized control trial (2015 - 2019) that evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV/STI intervention for Black women who use drugs mandated to CSPs (n = 272). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were used to describe psychosocial and sociodemographic factors. Latent class analysis was conducted on responses to the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale lifetime psychological, physical, injurious, and sexual items, to identify latent classes of women who experienced IPV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one percent (n = 144) of the sample were WSWM, 89% of whom experienced lifetime IPV. WSWM experienced significantly higher rates of all types of IPV. LCA revealed a two-class solution was the best fit: Class 1 (High Psychological/Low-Moderate Other IPV) and Class 2 (High Psychological & Physical IPV/Moderate Injurious & Sexual IPV). Two thirds of the sample were members of Class 2 and had an overall moderate to high probability of experiencing each type of IPV. WSWM, any lifetime illicit drug use, childhood physical or sexual abuse, and lifetime experience of police sexual misconduct were associated with higher odds of membership to Class 2, compared to membership to Class 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experiencing minoritized identities and related psychosocial factors is associated with higher rates of all types of IPV. Inclusive IPV services are needed to engage Black WSWM who use drugs within the criminal-legal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative examination of barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention and treatment for people involved with the criminal justice system.","authors":"Stephanie Villaire, Thomas Sease, Jen Pankow, Ahrein Bennett, Zoe Pulitzer, Laura Hansen, Cynthia Frank, Angela Di Paola, Wayne Lehman, Mark Sanchez, Arista McQuaid, Alysse Schultheis, Brandi Stein, Sandra A Springer, Ank E Nijhawan, Kevin Knight","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00344-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00344-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In an effort to address health risks for HIV among justice-involved individuals, linkage to community services for HIV and substance use disorder prevention and treatment is critical. Stakeholder feedback informing the development of interventions aimed at linking individuals to care is paramount to ensuring the success of the intervention. The current study examines focus group data collected as part of a 5-year NIDA-funded project and presents this data within an implementation science framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six focus groups were conducted across four communities in two states. A total of 19 individuals representing 15 agencies, including both corrections and community healthcare providers, participated in the focus groups. A deductive coding strategy was used to code the focus group transcripts using Atlas.ti 9 software. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and coded by trained qualitative researchers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting 1,485 quotes were queried and analyzed using the EPIS inner and outer contexts implementation framework for reporting the findings. Inner context themes encompassing organizational characteristics, staffing processes, and leadership highlight the importance of intra-agency communication, as well as the benefit of hiring peer navigators with lived experience. Outer context themes of interest include funding, sociopolitical context, and interorganizational networks, pointing to service barriers related to funding for PrEP and HIV care, legislative regulations, and the importance of communication to connect people with justice involvement to healthcare and other services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the use of both patient navigation and mobile health unit models to connect justice-involved individuals to healthcare. The themes that emerged during the focus groups helped inform the ACTION study protocol, and the focus group process bolstered the connection between the represented agencies. Ultimately, these focus groups provided valuable information about the communities participating in the study and provided key insights regarding study intervention implementation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05286879. Registered 25 February 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05286879 .</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal health and incarceration: advancing pregnancy justice through research.","authors":"Camille Kramer, Denae Bradley, Rebecca J Shlafer, Carolyn Sufrin","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00343-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00343-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper will review the state of the science on maternal health and incarceration. We will provide a historical context on women, pregnancy, and mothers as it relates to mass incarceration, considering both structural racism and reproductive justice. We will discuss existing research that documents care, treatment, and outcomes of individuals who are incarcerated while pregnant or postpartum in the United States. We will discuss the implications of carceral exposure on birthing people and their families. By synthesizing current research and relevant policies, we will identify gaps that will then inform a research agenda for the next decade, including methods and content, to address inequities in and improve maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant and parenting people exposed to incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The cost of implementing and sustaining an evidence‑based, behavioral‑health electronic screening system in probation departments.","authors":"Techna Cadet, Katherine S Elkington, Margaret Ryan, Ali Jalali, Gail A Wasserman, Faye S Taxman, Michael L Dennis, Sean M Murphy","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00339-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00339-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the timing of mental health contacts across female offending trajectories.","authors":"Aydan Kuluk, Troy Allard, Carleen Thompson, James Ogilvie, Lisa Broidy","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00338-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00338-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a strong relationship between mental health and female offending, but few studies use longitudinal data to capture the differences in mental health service contact and diagnoses across diverse female offending trajectories. Most studies focus on broad trends, often overlooking how mental health contacts and diagnoses differentially unfold across female offending trajectories. We address this gap by utilising state-wide, linked administrative data for all females registered as born in Queensland (Australia) in 1983 and 1984 to examine the prevalence, timing, and frequency of mental health service contact and diagnoses across distinct female offending trajectories, including comparisons with non-offending females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females with serious and persistent offending patterns were more likely to have contact with mental health services and receive earlier and more frequent mental health diagnoses than those with low or non-offending patterns. Additionally, females with adult-onset offending patterns were more likely than any other group to contact mental health services before their first recorded offence. Despite a decrease in mental health-related hospital admissions by late adolescence, all offending groups experienced a rise in community mental health contacts as they transitioned into adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study expands existing evidence by providing insight into the relationship between mental health and female offending trajectories. Our study also provides important implications for policy and practice to improve the mental health and well-being of females involved in the justice system.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overdose education and naloxone distribution among women with a history of OUD transitioning to the community following jail release.","authors":"Michele Staton, Megan F Dickson, Mary M Levi, Martha Tillson, Patricia R Freeman, Laura C Fanucchi, J Matthew Webster, Carrie B Oser","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00337-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00337-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The criminal legal system (CLS) provides a critical intervention point for women at high risk for overdose, and the need continues to rise as the number of incarcerated women increases. Effective, targeted prevention interventions to reduce overdose risk for CLS-involved women are needed, such as naloxone distribution. This study describes the overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) procedures used in the Kentucky-hub of the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included women incarcerated in nine Kentucky jails (N = 900) who were randomly selected, screened for opioid use disorder, and consented for the study. They were followed three-months following jail release to examine naloxone utilization and overdose experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study findings indicate that about three-quarters (74.4%) of women in this study reported lifetime injection and more than half (54.9%) had a lifetime history of a non-fatal overdose prior to entering jail. About 70% of women reported receiving a study naloxone unit upon jail release, and of those, 30 women reported using the unit during the three-month post-release window. About 4% of the sample reported a non-fatal overdose during this same time period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incarcerated women in this sample reported a history of behaviors that may signal overdose risk upon release to the community such as injection drug use and non-fatal overdose. Study findings suggest targeted OEND efforts for women in general are desperately needed, and particularly among women at highest risk during community re-entry.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and feasibility of Problem Management Plus to address mental health problems among remand prisoners in the Netherlands: a pilot randomised controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Mathilde J F van Oudenaren, Anke B Witteveen, Anja J E Dirkzwager, Marit Sijbrandij","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00341-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00341-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, the prevalence of mental health problems in prison populations is higher than in the general population. While prisons may provide opportunities to address mental health problems, the prison setting can also include obstacles to the actual delivery of interventions, such as mental health care staff deficiencies. A brief scalable psychological intervention such as the World Health Organization's (WHO) Problem Management Plus (PM +) intervention, which is delivered by trained non-specialists, could be valuable in addressing common mental health problems in the prison setting. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of PM + , adapted for use in Dutch remand prisons. The secondary aim is to examine barriers and facilitators for scaling up the adapted version of PM + in the Dutch prison setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) will compare individual PM + with care-as-usual (PM + /CAU) to CAU only. Dutch-speaking remand prisoners (18 years or older; N = 60) who report an elevated level of psychological distress (K10 ≥ 16) will be included. The feasibility of the intervention will be reviewed using different measures such as recruitment success, intervention retention, protocol adherence, number of serious adverse events, and stakeholders' views. Participants will be assessed for self-reported anxiety, depression, self-identified problems, vulnerability for suicide and self-harm behaviour and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at baseline, one-week post-intervention and three-month follow-up. The pilot RCT will be followed by a process evaluation. For the process evaluation, stakeholders will be interviewed (N = 25), including 1) RCT participants, 2) PM + helpers, supervisors and trainers, 3) prison professionals, and 4) family members & friends of RCT participants. Data of the process evaluation will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This pilot RCT will be the first to study the potential of WHO-developed scalable interventions aimed at reducing mental health problems within (Dutch) prisons. Results from this study could subsequently inform a potential full-powered RCT.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT05927987) on 13/06/2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed methods evaluation of well-being among incarcerated religious education participants in the United States.","authors":"Robin LaBarbera","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00340-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00340-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests that educational programs that impact well-being show the greatest promise for promoting behavioral change and providing incarcerated men and women with the skills necessary to reintegrate into communities successfully. The development of well-being is a key component of such educational programs, as it affords important protective factors in the face of stress and difficulty and improves individuals' chances of stable re-entry to their communities. The Urban Ministry Institute (TUMI) is a faith-based, seminary-level, higher-education program that enhances healthy thinking, prosocial behavior, and positive interpersonal relationships for incarcerated men and women in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated well-being among TUMI participants incarcerated in correctional facilities in Texas, Kansas, and among groups of formerly incarcerated TUMI graduates in California, Texas, and Kansas. We conducted focus groups with 109 men and women inside six prisons, and 157 people completed mixed methods surveys, for a total of 266 data points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative results fell into three primary themes related to well-being, namely healthy thinking patterns, prosocial behavior, and positive interpersonal relationships. Participants completed the Flourishing Scale, reporting agreement with all eight statements, with particularly strong agreement to statements related to healthy thinking patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provided support for the growing argument that faith-based correctional education promotes wellbeing, which is a key factor in improving behavior, reducing disciplinary infractions, and preparing incarcerated men and women for successful reintegration into their communities. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential value of providing educational opportunities like TUMI to incarcerated individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental imprisonment, childhood behavioral problems, and adolescent and young adult cardiometabolic risk: results from a prospective Australian birth cohort study.","authors":"Michael E Roettger, Jolene Tan, Brian Houle, Jake M Najman, Tara McGee","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00329-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00329-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recent studies have demonstrated that parental imprisonment (PI) is associated with cardiometabolic risk later in life. However, underlying risk factors for these associations have not previously been explored. Using a life course framework, the present study explores how early childhood emotional and behavioral dysregulation and PI may be associated with progressive cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and young adulthood among male and female respondents in an Australian birth cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study follows a subset of 7,223 live, singleton births from 1981 to 1984 in Brisbane, Australia where data was collected on parental imprisonment at ages 5 & 14 and behaviors from the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) at age 5. Our sample examines 1,884 males and 1,758 females whose mothers completed prenatal, age 5, and age 14 interviews and respondents completed one or more interviews at a health clinic at ages 14, 21, and 30. Multivariate regression was used to examine cross-sectional results, while individual growth models examined longitudinal patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dividing the analysis by sex, we examined how parental imprisonment was potentially mediated or moderated by CBCL subscale measures for aggression, social-attention-thought (SAT) disorders, internalizing, and depression. No associations were found among male respondents. Among female respondents, controlling for these behaviors, there was a significant association between parental imprisonment and higher systolic blood pressure at age 30, while all CBCL measures were found to moderate waist circumference at age 30 and BMI at ages 14, 21, and/or 30. Using individual growth curve modelling, we observed the increased CBCL aggression and SAT scores were increasingly associated with higher BMI as respondents aged in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using prospective cohort data, our results suggest that PI and emotional and behavioral dysregulation are associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference in females, along with potentially increasing levels of cardiometabolic risk, as measured by increased BMI, from age 14 through age 30. The result is suggestive of the importance of examining early emotional/behavioral problems and PI as joint risk factors for developing cardiometabolic risk factors that may progress into cardiometabolic diseases at later stages in the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}