Health and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Advancing antiracist research: addressing health inequities among juvenile legal system-impacted youth using Public Health Critical Race Praxis.","authors":"Emily Dauria, Johanna Folk, Sarah Godoy, Evan Holloway, Jeanne McPhee, David Hoskins, Ali Yurasek, Katharine Galbraith, Sheridan Sweet, Eraka Bath, Marina Tolou-Shams","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00346-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00346-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth impacted by the juvenile legal system (JLS) disproportionately experience health and healthcare inequities, including those related to substance use, mental health, and sexual and reproductive health. Structural racism is a primary driver of JLS systems contact and health inequities, interacting with other forms of oppression to negatively impact minoritized youth at every step of the JLS process. Despite the growing unmet need for tailored, empirically-driven programmatic and policy solutions, research focused on this multiply marginalized group often fails to explore or address racism as a factor shaping these inequities and identifying relevant health solutions. We use the Public Health Critical Race Praxis to offer recommendations for improving data collection and quality in longitudinal research addressing health inequities among JLS-impacted youth and families. Recommendations stem from a team of federally funded researchers and clinicians representing different career development stages, training backgrounds, and lived experiences, all of whom are working to address health inequities. Given the challenges JLS-impacted youth face and the significant need for rigorous research illuminating their health outcome and service needs, clinical and translational researchers would benefit from guidance on how to apply antiracist principles and research strategies to successfully engage JLS-impacted youth and families in longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site engagement in implementation research: Introducing SEAMLIS as a conceptual and measurement framework.","authors":"Sarah D Jones, John P Bartkowski, Steven Belenko, Jennifer E Becan, Faye S Taxman, Gail A Wasserman, Gregory A Aarons, Larkin S McReynolds, Cheyenne Dolbear, Xiaohe Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00349-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00349-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multisite implementation research in justice and health settings often does not systematically assess differential degrees of project involvement among participating sites, despite its implications for both research and the intervention. Tracking organization and participant involvement across sites, when attempted, has typically entailed the use of discrete and sometimes disjointed fidelity measures that may not accurately reflect engagement with a project. This article advances a more comprehensive and sophisticated conceptual model for measuring and monitoring site engagement. This conceptual model was developed from a literature review of the implementation science and related disciplines while being informed by multisite project implementation experience. We propose the Site Engagement Activity Model Leveraging Implementation Science (SEAMLIS), a conceptual model that holistically identifies the breadth of agency participation (diverse activities such as trainings, meetings, etc.) and duration of site engagement (participation levels from inception to completion) to be measured, assessed, and reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We also describe Juvenile Justice Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS), a 36-site implementation research project, as an illustrative case example of our proposed model. We then operationalize all proposed domains and subdomains and specify key measures from the project.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide analytical recommendations for the application and future research of the proposed model in health and justice settings. In multisite implementation research, site engagement could be fruitfully used as an independent, dependent, or intervening (moderating or mediating) variable.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT02672150, February 3, 2016.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches.","authors":"Macià Buades-Rotger, Ana Martínez Catena, Guillermo Recio, Mireia Cano Gallent, Jordi Niñerola I Maymí, Anna Figueras Masip, David Gallardo-Pujol","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00351-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00351-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Police cadets undergo persistent and elevated stress due to continuous training and evaluation. Identifying resilience and risk factors in this population can thus crucially inform management decisions within the police force. Here, in two large cohorts of police cadets (n = 1069, 30% women and n = 1377, 35% women) we investigated whether broad personality traits could predict internalizing symptoms (somatization, depression, and anxiety) as well as mental health-related quality of life (MHRQoL). Moreover, we compared seven popular artificial intelligence and linear regression models (Elastic Net, General Linear Model, Lasso Regression, Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Support Vector Regression) in predicting MHRQoL as a function of all other variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Random Forest accounted for about half of the observed variance in MHRQoL, and outperformed all other models by up to 12% in an out-of-sample cross-validation. In all analyses, emotional stability emerged as the primary personality trait linked to MHRQoL, with anxiety and somatization symptoms partially mediating this relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings delineate the personality factors that best predict internalizing symptoms and MHRQoL among cadets, and tentatively suggest that Random Forest models might be a powerful forecasting tool in police management.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securitizing carceral health: a realist review of Canada's prison needle exchange program.","authors":"Liam Michaud, Heino Stöver, Emily van der Meulen, Ann De Shalit, Sandra Ka Hon Chu, Rhiannon Thomas, Jörg Pont","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00332-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00332-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2018, in response to a lawsuit and years of civil society advocacy for prison-based syringe distribution due to elevated rates of injection drug use, HIV, and hepatitis C virus among incarcerated people, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) developed a Prison Needle Exchange Program (PNEP). Implementation of the PNEP has been slow and has faced significant critiques and challenges. As of early 2025, the PNEP is only available at eleven of forty-three federal prisons in Canada. Employing realist review methodology, an iterative process for synthesizing evidence concerning complex policy interventions, this article investigates CSC's approach to, and implementation of, the PNEP. By recognizing broader social and institutional contexts, and through the integration of environmental considerations, realist reviews consider policy outcomes and implications in addition to efficacy. In our study, we draw upon 114 distinct documentary sources, comprised of scholarly articles, news media, program evaluations, and correctional policies, as well as 257 pages of federal government disclosures acquired through Access-to-Information requests. Together, these allow us to identify factors that have either facilitated or impeded the PNEP's ongoing rollout and uptake among people in prison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results find that perceived risks regarding the circulation of needles and the use of a \"Threat Risk Assessment\" to determine eligibility function as major impediments to program efficacy. Findings also reveal incarcerated people seeking to enroll in the PNEP are frequently denied access and that the active involvement of correctional officers in enforcing compliance to program requirements acts to the detriment of participation. Results indicate the absence of meaningful confidentiality protections along with elevated rates of program discontinuation. Over roughly seven years of its existence, the PNEP has had extremely low uptake, particularly among women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose a significant revisioning of CSC's PNEP to bring it into alignment with the best practices of similar prison-based harm reduction initiatives internationally, and according to professionally accepted standards of syringe distribution. The Canadian experience provides a cautionary tale to other jurisdictions considering implementing a carceral syringe program.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the cycle: connecting youth under community supervision to effective behavioral health services.","authors":"Corianna E Sichel, Katharine Galbraith, Katherine S Elkington","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00342-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00342-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (YIJ), including those under community supervision, have disproportionately high rates of behavioral health disorders compared to community samples, yet the vast majority do not receive the care they need. When left unaddressed, youths' behavioral health concerns can contribute to deepening juvenile justice involvement, which is frequently accompanied by increasing severity of behavioral health disorders and negative long-term ramifications for youth, families, and communities. The majority of YIJ are under community supervision, meaning they reside in the community and must receive behavioral health treatment through the community-based behavioral health system. To highlight the need for innovative approaches that break this cycle by closing the gap between clinical need and uptake of effective treatment for these high-risk and often overlooked youth, we synthesize existing literature on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and intersecting domains of risk for disorder and justice involvement among youth under community supervision, drawing on ecodevelopmental and ecological systems theory to advance an understanding of specific barriers to services for youth under community supervision. We review existing efforts to facilitate treatment access and conclude with data-driven recommendations for future research, clinical practice, and policy changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12225163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of COVID-19 in prisons - the case of Northern Ireland.","authors":"Dermot O'Reilly, Janine Cooper, Rosie Murphy, Aideen Maguire, Richard Kirk, Trish Kelly, Ruth Gray, Stephen McGarrigle, Julie Anderson, Michael Donnelly","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00350-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00350-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper describes COVID-19 cases in the Northern Ireland (NI) prison population during the pandemic in relation to the general population and changes implemented to control infection in NI prisons. Data obtained from the Department of Justice and Department of Health (week ending 22nd May 2020 to week ending 8th April 2022) are presented using descriptive statistics. An account based on information about meetings, activities, routines and processes in prison during the pandemic was gathered mainly via an interview with a Healthcare in Prison staff member. This narrative was refined following feedback from the lead Northern Ireland Prison Service (NIPS) liaison person to provide an overview of infection control measures, adaptations and cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strict infection prevention and control measures introduced in NI prisons, such as screening on entry and isolation periods, restricted access, halting all non-essential activities and providing additional wash stations were successful in minimising the onset and spread of COVID-19. The integrated NIPS-HiP approach appeared to prevent COVID-19 infections for most of the pandemic, and the waves of peak infection that characterised spread in the general population were not evident in the prison population. This management approach in prisons was characterised by multiagency partnership involving the NI Public Health Agency, joined-up planning and collaborative working.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes the implementation of infection control measures in NI prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic and contributes to our understanding/planning about the prevention and management of similar scenarios in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods and Observations from Routinely Collected Electronic Health Record Data in a Nationwide Jail Population: Introducing the Registry of Electronic Archives in Correctional Healthcare (REACH) Database.","authors":"Amber Simpler, Adam Natoli, Yash Patade, William Jett","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00345-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00345-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recognizing the disparate health status of correctional populations compared to the general population, national agencies have called for research to better understand disease epidemiology and healthcare needs of individuals in jails. This paper introduces the Registry of Electronic Archives in Correctional Healthcare (REACH) database - a largescale, multivariable living database derived from electronic healthcare records (EHR) of individuals discharged from jails across the nation beginning in 2013. We describe methods used to secure data, detail current database contents, and offer an initial presentation of sample demography. To demonstrate REACH's utility, an investigation of factors contributing to length of stay (LOS), including demography, health status, and jail characteristics, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current REACH sample (N = 1,251,837) is primarily comprised of males (72.0%) identified racially as White (55.3%) in their mid-30's. While detained, approximately 20% and 17% of individuals were prescribed treatment for chronic medical and/or mental health conditions, respectively. Multilevel modeling was used to examine if sex, race, health condition, and/or jail location or size predicted LOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By accessing EHR data, we can expand our understanding of assessment and treatment of specific healthcare conditions in jail populations and address complicated questions about health status of detainees. Data analysis using the REACH database suggests LOS is influenced slightly by jail characteristics and more substantively by detainee demography and medical/mental health conditions. We propose the REACH database's potential for answering important questions about health status and healthcare services for jail populations, including questions about epidemiology and correctional healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of intimate partner violence among black women in community supervision programs who use drugs: a latent class analysis.","authors":"Ariel Richer, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Mingway Chang, Elwin Wu, Brooke West, Nabila El-Bassel, Louisa Gilbert","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00347-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00347-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately affects Black women who use drugs and those mandated to community supervision programs (CSPs). Societal responses to minoritized identities such as being a woman who has sex with women and men (WSWM) and using substances further increases the risk. This study sought to 1) identify patterns of IPV perpetrated by male partners and 2) examine membership to latent classes and associations to WSWM and other sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. This is a secondary data analysis using baseline survey data from the E-WORTH randomized control trial (2015 - 2019) that evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV/STI intervention for Black women who use drugs mandated to CSPs (n = 272). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were used to describe psychosocial and sociodemographic factors. Latent class analysis was conducted on responses to the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale lifetime psychological, physical, injurious, and sexual items, to identify latent classes of women who experienced IPV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one percent (n = 144) of the sample were WSWM, 89% of whom experienced lifetime IPV. WSWM experienced significantly higher rates of all types of IPV. LCA revealed a two-class solution was the best fit: Class 1 (High Psychological/Low-Moderate Other IPV) and Class 2 (High Psychological & Physical IPV/Moderate Injurious & Sexual IPV). Two thirds of the sample were members of Class 2 and had an overall moderate to high probability of experiencing each type of IPV. WSWM, any lifetime illicit drug use, childhood physical or sexual abuse, and lifetime experience of police sexual misconduct were associated with higher odds of membership to Class 2, compared to membership to Class 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experiencing minoritized identities and related psychosocial factors is associated with higher rates of all types of IPV. Inclusive IPV services are needed to engage Black WSWM who use drugs within the criminal-legal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative examination of barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention and treatment for people involved with the criminal justice system.","authors":"Stephanie Villaire, Thomas Sease, Jen Pankow, Ahrein Bennett, Zoe Pulitzer, Laura Hansen, Cynthia Frank, Angela Di Paola, Wayne Lehman, Mark Sanchez, Arista McQuaid, Alysse Schultheis, Brandi Stein, Sandra A Springer, Ank E Nijhawan, Kevin Knight","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00344-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00344-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In an effort to address health risks for HIV among justice-involved individuals, linkage to community services for HIV and substance use disorder prevention and treatment is critical. Stakeholder feedback informing the development of interventions aimed at linking individuals to care is paramount to ensuring the success of the intervention. The current study examines focus group data collected as part of a 5-year NIDA-funded project and presents this data within an implementation science framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six focus groups were conducted across four communities in two states. A total of 19 individuals representing 15 agencies, including both corrections and community healthcare providers, participated in the focus groups. A deductive coding strategy was used to code the focus group transcripts using Atlas.ti 9 software. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and coded by trained qualitative researchers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting 1,485 quotes were queried and analyzed using the EPIS inner and outer contexts implementation framework for reporting the findings. Inner context themes encompassing organizational characteristics, staffing processes, and leadership highlight the importance of intra-agency communication, as well as the benefit of hiring peer navigators with lived experience. Outer context themes of interest include funding, sociopolitical context, and interorganizational networks, pointing to service barriers related to funding for PrEP and HIV care, legislative regulations, and the importance of communication to connect people with justice involvement to healthcare and other services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the use of both patient navigation and mobile health unit models to connect justice-involved individuals to healthcare. The themes that emerged during the focus groups helped inform the ACTION study protocol, and the focus group process bolstered the connection between the represented agencies. Ultimately, these focus groups provided valuable information about the communities participating in the study and provided key insights regarding study intervention implementation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05286879. Registered 25 February 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05286879 .</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal health and incarceration: advancing pregnancy justice through research.","authors":"Camille Kramer, Denae Bradley, Rebecca J Shlafer, Carolyn Sufrin","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00343-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00343-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper will review the state of the science on maternal health and incarceration. We will provide a historical context on women, pregnancy, and mothers as it relates to mass incarceration, considering both structural racism and reproductive justice. We will discuss existing research that documents care, treatment, and outcomes of individuals who are incarcerated while pregnant or postpartum in the United States. We will discuss the implications of carceral exposure on birthing people and their families. By synthesizing current research and relevant policies, we will identify gaps that will then inform a research agenda for the next decade, including methods and content, to address inequities in and improve maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant and parenting people exposed to incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}