Health and Justice最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the health and well-being impacts and implementation barriers and facilitators of legally-mandated non-custodial drug and alcohol treatment for justice-involved adults: a qualitative evidence synthesis.","authors":"Emma Fiona France, Louise Hoyle, Pauline Campbell, Hilda Bissozo Hernandez, Julie Cowie, Candida Fenton, Hannah Carver, Catriona Connell, Joshua Dumbrell, Rosie Hill, Fiona Blacklaw, Nihr Evidence Synthesis Scotland Initiative Nessie, Bridget Davis","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00361-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00361-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-custodial judicial treatment orders aim to reduce recidivism for justice-involved people with drug and/or alcohol use problems, but health and well-being impacts are not understood. We conducted the first qualitative evidence synthesis to explore the perceived impacts on health and well-being of treatment orders and the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation from the perspectives of justice-involved adults, their family members/significant others, and staff delivering/ mandating the treatment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We searched 14 bibliographic databases (31/10/2023-07/11/2023) and conducted supplementary searches to identify qualitative evidence. Two reviewers appraised methodological limitations using CASP and assessed confidence in review findings using GRADE-CERQual. We used framework synthesis to synthesise evidence. We integrated synthesised findings with results of a complementary quantitative review investigating health and well-being effects of treatment orders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We synthesised 25 studies (29 reports); 22/29 reports had moderate or high methodological limitations. Most studies (n = 20) focused on USA drug courts; none focused on alcohol interventions. Only three studies had health and well-being as their main focus. No studies involved family members. Only one study reported a theory of how treatment orders might impact health. GRADE-CERQual assessments of 13 findings were high (n = 7/13), moderate (n = 4/13), or low (n = 2/13) confidence. Justice-involved adults perceived treatment orders to reduce mortality/morbidity risk, improve sense of self and coping with emotions, to result in feeling healthier, but also to exacerbate trauma and increase stress. Coerced treatment was perceived to interfere with \"therapeutic change,\" nonetheless it was often perceived to reduce, cease and/or stabilise illicit drug use. Justice-involved adults' challenging life circumstances were an important barrier to reducing/ ceasing substance use. Abstinence-based approaches were common but abstinence may be unrealistic. Intervention effectiveness trials rarely measured relational outcomes of importance to justice-involved adults e.g., impacts on their children, or health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-quality qualitative studies are urgently needed on the health impacts of diverse treatments orders. Treatment orders should emphasise harm-reduction treatment approaches and address participants' healthcare and social needs. Theories of how treatment orders work are needed. Unintended negative health consequences of treatment orders must be researched. Future trials should measure and report health and relational outcomes. Study protocol registration: [CRD42023484923]. The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis Programme (Grant: NIHR153425, project number NIHR162046) funded this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study of police officers' knowledge of the relationship between police opioid seizures and subsequent risk of overdose.","authors":"Brandon Del Pozo, Erin Thompson, Alina Whiteside","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00368-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00368-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Jails and fatal drug overdoses: patterns, predictors and the role of rehabilitative contexts.","authors":"Victor St John, Tasha Perdue, Jason Szkola, Katharine McGrath, Noa Glover, Josh Sugino","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00365-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00365-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid-related fatalities in U.S. correctional facilities present a critical criminal justice and health challenge. This study examines predictors of drug- and opioid-related deaths among incarcerated individuals nationwide. In the main models, younger age increases overdose risk, females face higher odds of drug-related death than males, and shorter stays are linked to all drug-related deaths, while longer stays are associated with opioid fatalities. Geographic disparities emerge, with small metro and micropolitan areas showing higher drug death rates and large fringe metros showing significantly lower opioid death rates. Medium-security facilities and greater spatial distance from public transportation access points predict higher rates for both outcomes. Subgroup analyses reveal that conviction status predicts elevated drug-related mortality only among males and among individuals held longer than 17 days. Notably, over one-third of opioid-related deaths and more than half of other drug deaths occur within 24 h of incarceration, underscoring acute early-stage vulnerability. Findings reveal distinct and overlapping predictors shaped by both rehabilitative and punitive factors, informing policies and interventions to reduce overdose fatalities in jails.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil society in action: insights into volunteer-based community mentoring for reentry support.","authors":"Ety Elisha","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00366-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined YouTurn's program, a volunteer-based mentoring initiative for individuals released after completing their full prison sentences in Israel. Unlike parolees, this group generally lacks structured transitional and healthcare support, risks of adverse health outcomes, and recidivism. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with mentors, staff, and institutional partners involved in the program, the study employed thematic analysis to explore the program's strengths, challenges, and broader implications. Findings indicate that YouTurn's civilian volunteer mentors deliver holistic support that addresses emotional, social, and practical reentry needs, while fostering organizational cohesion and continuity during crisis. The program's distinctive reliance on civic volunteers offers an alternative model of support rooted in community commitments, positioning YouTurn as a strengths-based intervention that fills gaps in current rehabilitation policy. Respondents also indicated significant challenges, including participants' dropout, limited resources, and a lack of diversity among mentees. The study extends theoretical understandings of mentoring models and demonstrates the potential of civic volunteer-driven initiatives to complement peer- and professional-based approaches in offender rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a health-related social need screener for adults soon to be, and recently released, from incarceration.","authors":"Brittany Miller, Andrea D Janota, Jacqueline Wiltshire, Christopher A Harle, Joshua R Vest","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00364-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00364-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It's gotta be really hard to be a mom inside right now:\" a qualitative analysis on the impacts of COVID-19 on perinatal support programs for people in prison.","authors":"Abaki Beck, Ingie Osman, Ashley Watson, Cheri Branham, Brittany Seaver, Aparea Smith, Noël L Marsh, Carolyn Sufrin, Rebecca J Shlafer","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00359-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00359-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prisons are well understood to be hotspots of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, little is known about the impacts the COVID-19 pandemic has had on pregnant and postpartum people in prison. We conducted a secondary analysis of 63 semi-structured qualitative interviews (December 2021-May 2023) with subject matter experts, primarily perinatal program staff working in prisons, to better understand how perinatal support programs for people in prison were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified nine themes in interviews as impacting perinatal support programming for incarcerated pregnant and postpartum people during the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) prison COVID-19 preventative practices and their influences on perinatal support programs; 2) COVID-19 quarantine and confinement of pregnant and postpartum people; 3) changes in the pregnant and postpartum population and reentry support; 4) changes to birth support during incarceration; 5) lack of communication and inconsistency between the DOC and perinatal support programs; 6) DOC staffing and staff turnover; 7) lack of access to volunteer-led programming and visiting; 8) relationships between perinatal support programs and DOC healthcare providers; and 9) relationships between perinatal support programs and hospitals. Results were organized into a modified socioecological model, allowing us to view different spheres of influence, how they interact and overlap, and as we describe in the discussion section, where practitioners and policy-makers might intervene. In particular, we focused on the organizational, relational, and structural levels, with multiple themes organized into each level. All of these themes, together, help provide information on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted perinatal support programs in prisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had drastic impacts on prison operations and perinatal support programs, with cascading influences on the health and wellbeing of pregnant and postpartum people who are incarcerated. We conclude with a series of recommendations, developed by the research team and a community research council of formerly incarcerated individuals, that aim to address pandemic-related health disparities and promote health equity among those disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using narrative and informational messages to improve correctional professionals' attitudes toward medications for opioid use disorder.","authors":"Alyssa Harrell-Webber, Xiaoquan Zhao, Urszula A Horoszko, Amy Murphy, Lindsay Smith, Faye S Taxman","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00363-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00363-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Criminal legal involved (CLI) individuals face a heightened risk of opioid misuse and overdose, yet access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is limited, particularly in criminal legal settings. Negative attitudes and misinformation about MOUD are prevalent among legal system actors, creating a barrier to MOUD access. This study examines the effectiveness of informational and narrative messages in correcting misinformation and promoting positive attitudes toward MOUD among criminal legal system (CLS) professionals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using state/federal websites, social media groups, and professional connections to correctional and behavioral health agencies nationwide, we recruited individuals who were currently working in corrections and behavioral health in criminal legal settings in the United States (N = 502). An online experiment was conducted with four message conditions: no message control, informational message, first-person narrative message, and dialogue message. The study assessed attitudes toward MOUD use and support for greater access in these settings, as well as information processing outcomes including narrative transportation (i.e., becoming immersed in a story), perceived realism, and counterarguing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to no message control, both the first-person narrative message (p = .006) and the dialogue message (p = .026) produced more positive attitudes toward MOUD; the informational message marginally improved positive attitudes (p = .080). The dialogue message also increased support for MOUD access in jails/prisons compared to control (p = .003). Neither the narrative nor the informational messages significantly reduced negative attitudes. The first-person (p = .050) and dialogue (p = .030) messages both generated significantly greater transportation compared to the informational message.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both informational and narrative messages can improve attitudes toward MOUD use in criminal legal settings. Well-designed educational messages aimed at changing attitudes and reducing barriers to promoting MOUD use in criminal legal settings are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer support services for individuals with health-related needs reentering the community after incarceration: a scoping review of program elements and outcomes.","authors":"Peter Treitler, Vincent DiGioia-Laird, Brooke Long","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00358-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00358-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peer support services (PSS) have become increasingly formalized in many healthcare settings. While use of PSS in the criminal-legal space is expanding, no comprehensive reviews of program designs and outcomes are available to characterize current approaches. This scoping review sought to identify PSS models for individuals with health-related needs transitioning from incarceration to the community and summarize key features and outcomes related to the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A search of PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Criminal Justice Database, Embase, CINAHL, and Social Services Abstracts databases resulted in a total of 66 studies that described 49 unique PSS programs delivered at re-entry. Fifty-six of these studies also reported on implementation factors and program outcomes. Programs varied in terms of target populations, staffing, services offered, setting, and duration. Quantitative outcomes most commonly surrounded linkage to services, substance use, mental health, HIV, and recidivism. Lived experience of peers, extensive engagement with participants, participant-centered support, and collaboration between agencies were highlighted as key factors that supported program implementation, while challenges largely related to staffing and participant outreach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The heterogeneity in program design and the mixed results in both quantitative and qualitative outcomes likely reflect the need for programs to be responsive to the specific communities served. This review highlights innovative approaches within the growing use of PSS to support the health-related needs of individuals reentering the community after incarceration and may guide future research, design, implementation, and evaluation of such programs in the criminal-legal space.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal mixed methods social network analysis to evaluate a peer-led housing program for older men returning from incarceration: Study protocol & pre-implementation results.","authors":"Brandy F Henry, Derek A Kreager, Joy Gray, Kristina Brant, Gary Zajac, Divine Lipscomb, Sarah Brothers, David R Schaefer, Nicolette Bardele, Andrea Hazelwood","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00362-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00362-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We describe a longitudinal mixed methods program evaluation protocol for a novel peer-led housing program for older men transitioning from prison to the community after completing long sentences of incarceration. The program departs from traditional community corrections models by providing peer-run housing designed to build and enhance peer and community social ties. This previously untested program relies on the principles of network alteration and provides a case study for examining interpersonal mechanisms underlying behavioral health and justice related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use mixed methods and longitudinal social network analysis to evaluate the program, while also applying implementation science to document program development. We focus our evaluation on key health and social outcomes, including mental health, substance use, stress, health risk behaviors, well-being, financial security, housing, and recidivism. With longitudinal surveys, we collect (1) dynamic network data of resident and staff relationships and (2) behavioral health/social data of participants. We also administer longitudinal resident and staff interviews. Resident interviews focus on interpersonal relationships and reentry experiences, while staff interviews describe program implementation. We apply longitudinal statistical models to complete (i.e., sociocentric) network data within the house to examine how dynamic network properties connect to changes in residents' health, behavioral, and social outcomes. We integrate longitudinal survey, individual-level (i.e., egocentric) network, and qualitative data to understand how the program works. To evaluate program impacts for long-term health and social outcomes, we use an untreated matched sample to compare 6- and 12-months post-prison release outcomes using administrative data related to rearrest/reincarceration and behavioral health.</p><p><strong>Pre-implementation results: </strong>We use a logic model to present and organize pre-implementation results from interviews with program staff and peer mentors. Our results describe program design and intended goals, while highlighting how the program is rooted in principles of peer support, trauma-informed care, and restorative justice to address unique stressors of incarceration to foster responsibility and facilitate reintegration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Community program evaluation research allows us to document real-world contextual factors that may drive intervention effectiveness. Results of the mixed methods evaluation will provide a comprehensive understanding of one network-based program's ability to support health and social outcomes of older, previously incarcerated men. Results may inform future reentry services.</p>","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health & justice 10th anniversary: looking ahead after a decade of progress.","authors":"Faye S Taxman, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lior Gideon, Wendy P Guastaferro","doi":"10.1186/s40352-025-00357-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40352-025-00357-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37843,"journal":{"name":"Health and Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}