International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science最新文献

{"title":"Computing Implicit Entities and Events with GETARUNS","authors":"R. Delmonte","doi":"10.5220/0002171600230035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0002171600230035","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will focus on the notion of “implicit” or lexically unexpressed linguistic elements that are nonetheless necessary for a complete semantic interpretation of a text. We referred to “entities” and “events” because the recovery of the implicit material may affect all the modules of a system for semantic processing, from the grammatically guided components to the inferential and reasoning ones. Reference to the system GETARUNS offers one possible implementation of the algorithms and procedures needed to cope with the problem and allows to deal with all the spectrum of phenomena. The paper will address at first the following three types of “implicit” entities and events: the grammatical ones, as suggested by a linguistic theories like LFG or similar generative theories; the semantic ones suggested in the FrameNet project, i.e. CNI, DNI, INI; the pragmatic ones: here we will present a theory and an implementation for the recovery of implicit entities and events of (non-) standard implicatures. In particular we will show how the use of commonsense knowledge may fruitfully contribute in finding relevant implied meanings. Last Implicit Entity only touched on, though for lack of space, by the paper is the Subject of Point of View which is computed by Semantic Informational Structure and contributes the intended entity from whose point of view is expressed a given subjective statement.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126675145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Sentences to Scope Relations and Backward","authors":"Gábor Alberti, Márton Károly, J. Kleiber","doi":"10.5220/0003017401000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003017401000111","url":null,"abstract":"As we strive for sophisticated machine translation and reliable information extraction, we have launched a subproject pertaining to the revelation of reference and information structure in (Hungarian) declarative sentences. The crucial part of information extraction is a procedure whose input is a sentence, and whose output is an information structure, which is practically a set of possible operator scope orders (acceptance). A similar procedure forms the first half of machine translation, too: we need the information structure of the source-language sentence. Then an opposite procedure should come (generation), whose input is an information structure, and whose output is an intoned word sequence, that is, a sentence in the target language. We can base the procedure of acceptance (in the above sense) upon that of generation, due to the reversibility of Prolog mechanisms. And as our approach to grammar is “totally lexicalist”, the lexical description of verbs is responsible for the order and intonation of words in the generated sentence. 1 Generating and Accepting Hungarian Sentences As we strive for a sophisticated level of machine translation and reliable information extraction, we have launched a subproject pertaining to the revelation of reference and information structure in declarative sentences. We are primarily working with data from Hungarian, which is known to be a language with a very rich and explicit information structure (consisting of different types of topics, quantifiers and foci) [1], [2], [3], [4] and an also quite explicit system of four degrees of referentiality [5], [6], [7], [8], including the indefinite specific degree [9] [10]. The kind of input we consider is an ordered set of (Hungarian) words furnished with four stress marks (“unstressed” / “STRESSED” / “FOCUS-STRESSED” / “↑CONTRASTIVELY STRESSED↓”) – and our program decides if they constitute a wellformed sentence at all, with arguments of appropriate degrees of referentiality and a possible information structure, and delivers these semantic data, including the possible scope orders of topics, quantifiers and foci. We call this direction acceptance. We also try to “accept” sequences of words without stress marks: in this case the first step is furnishing them with all possible intonation patterns. A further kind of input is the opposite direction, which can be called generation, whose output is an intoned sentence. Generation is based upon the rich lexical description of tensed verbs pertaining to the sentence-internal arrangement and checking of their arguments; and – in harmony with our “totally lexicalist” approach to grammar [11], which can be regarded as a successor of Hudson’s [12] Word Grammar or Alberti G., KÃąroly M. and Kleiber J. From Sentences to Scope Relations and Backward. DOI: 10.5220/0003017401000111 In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science (ICEIS 2010), page ISBN: 978-989-8425-13-3 Copyright","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Text Summarization Approach under the Influence of Textual Entailment","authors":"Elena Lloret, Ó. Ferrández, R. Muñoz, M. Palomar","doi":"10.5220/0001732100220031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0001732100220031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents how text summarization can be influenced by textual entailment. We show that if we use textual entailment recognition together with text summarization approach, we achieve good results for final summaries, obtaining an improvement of 6.78% with respect to the summarization approach only. We also compare the performance of this combined approach to two baselines (the one provided in DUC 2002 and ours based on word-frequency technique) and we discuss the preliminary results obtained in order to infer conclusions that can be useful for future research.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122429876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limits of Lexical Semantic Relatedness with Ontology-based Conceptual Vectors","authors":"L. Lim, D. Schwab","doi":"10.5220/0001737301530158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0001737301530158","url":null,"abstract":"0.98 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 cord smile 0.03 0.48 0.57 1.000 1.000 glass magician 0.03 0.47 0.57 1.000 1.000 gem jewel 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 rooster voyage 0.02 0.44 0.53 0.999 0.998 magician wizard 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.997 0.997 bird crane 0.74 0.82 0.86 0.996 0.996 crane implement 0.42 0.60 0.68 0.989 0.991 noon string 0.02 0.38 0.47 0.988 0.988 bird cock 0.76 0.78 0.83 0.983 0.985 coast shore 0.93 0.86 0.89 0.980 0.982 journey voyage 0.96 0.85 0.88 0.974 0.976 midday noon 0.86 1.00 1.00 0.965 0.968 furnace stove 0.78 0.70 0.77 0.950 0.956 implement tool 0.74 0.67 0.74 0.936 0.944 brother lad 0.42 0.47 0.55 0.925 0.930 food rooster 0.22 0.34 0.43 0.920 0.921 lad wizard 0.11 0.20 0.30 0.915 0.911 asylum madhouse 0.90 0.70 0.76 0.901 0.897 food fruit 0.77 0.60 0.69 0.885 0.885 boy lad 0.94 0.62 0.70 0.856 0.860 monk slave 0.14 0.62 0.69 0.837 0.839 car journey 0.29 0.71 0.77 0.818 0.818 monk oracle 0.28 0.71 0.77 0.800 0.798 coast hill 0.22 0.71 0.77 0.777 0.774 forest graveyard 0.21 0.81 0.85 0.735 0.731 coast forest 0.11 0.70 0.77 0.711 0.704 brother monk 0.71 0.34 0.43 0.644 0.634 Corr. with M&C 0.644 0.634","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123086329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Metadata Variability within a Hierarchy of Annotation Schemas","authors":"I. Pistol, D. Cristea","doi":"10.5220/0002171501110116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0002171501110116","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the theoretical basis of the ALPE1 model, a hierarchy of annotation formats used to guide the automatic computation of processing flows capable of performing complex linguistic processing tasks. The hierarchy is comprised of a core, which is a direct acyclic graph whose nodes represent XML annotation formats, and a halo which contains additional annotation formats. The core hierarchy also serves as a standardization hub for annotated documents. The focus of the paper is the description of the new additions to the model, allowing the integration and usage of non-XML formats in processing flows and new equivalence relations between XML formats. This type of hierarchy is implemented in the ALPE system, which is also briefly described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126063881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context Accommodation in Human Language Processing","authors":"J. Ball","doi":"10.5220/0003024500270036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003024500270036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a model of human language processing (HLP) which is incremental and interactive, in concert with prevailing psycholinguistic evidence. To achieve this, the model combines an incremental, serial, pseudo-deterministic processing mechanism, which relies on a non-monotonic mechanism of context accommodation, with an interactive mechanism that uses all available information in parallel to select the best choice at each choice point.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130610392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Multidocument Relations","authors":"E. Maziero, M. L. C. Jorge, T. Pardo","doi":"10.5220/0003028800600069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003028800600069","url":null,"abstract":"The digital world generates an incredible accumulation of information. This results in redundant, complementary, and contradictory information, which may be produced by several sources. Applications as multidocument summarization and question answering are committed to handling this information and require the identification of relations among the various texts in order to accomplish their tasks. In this paper we first describe an effort to create and annotate a corpus of news texts with multidocument relations from the Crossdocument Structure Theory (CST) and then present a machine learning experiment for the automatic identification of some of these relations. We show that our results for both tasks are satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131057809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Comparable Corpora on Cross-language Information Retrieval","authors":"F. Sadat","doi":"10.5220/0003029200530059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003029200530059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to present an approach to learning bilingual terminology from scarce resources in order to translate and expand terms from source language to target language and possibly retrieve documents across languages. An extracted bilingual lexicon from comparable corpora will provide a valuable resource to enrich existing bilingual dictionaries and thesauri. A linear combination involving the extracted bilingual terminology from comparable corpora, readily available bilingual dictionaries and transliteration is proposed to Cross-Language Information Retrieval. An application on Japanese-English language pair of languages shows that the proposed combination yields better translations and an effectiveness of information retrieval could be achieved across languages.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128614391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declarative Parsing and Annotation of Electronic Dictionaries","authors":"Christian Schneiker, D. Seipel, Werner Wegstein, K. Prätor","doi":"10.5220/0002203401220132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0002203401220132","url":null,"abstract":"We present a declarative annotation toolkit based on XML and PROLOG technologies, and we apply it for annotating the Campe Dictionary to obtain an electronic version in XML (TEI). For parsing flat structures, we use a very compact grammar formalism called extended definite clause grammars (EDCG’s), which is an extended version of the DCG’s that are well–known from the logic programming language PROLOG. For accessing and transforming XML structures, we use the XML query and transformation language FNQUERY. It turned out, that the declarative approach in PROLOG is much more readable, reliable, flexible, and faster than an alternative implementation which we had made in JAVA and XSLT for the TEXTGRID community project.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Metaphor and Scripts in Recognizing Textual Entailment","authors":"W. R. Murray","doi":"10.5220/0001730601270136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0001730601270136","url":null,"abstract":"To decrease the thickness of plastic foil capacitors using, for example, polycarbonate or polypropylene foils, and permit full utilization of the dielectric strength of the dielectric material without degradation of the electrode layer applied thereto, the electrode layer, typically of aluminum or zinc, has an additive of at least one of the metals Al, Ni, Mg, Ti, Hf, Be, Bi therein, present for example as an intermetallic compound, in a quantity of from 0.5 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5% (by weight). The electrode can be applied as a vapor-deposited coating, in which the additive is uniformly distributed. The previously observed decomposition of the electrode coating under applied voltages is thereby effectively prevented. Thus, the full dielectric strength of the dielectric material is utilized, resulting in a smaller and less expensive capacitor.","PeriodicalId":378427,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127498477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}