Tropical Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Deep tech innovation for parasite diagnosis: New dimensions and opportunities.","authors":"Subhash Chandra Parija,&nbsp;Abhijit Poddar","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_12_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By converging advanced science, engineering, and design, deep techs are bringing a great wave of future innovations by mastering challenges and problem complexity across sectors and the field of parasitology is no exception. Remarkable research and advancements can be seen in the field of parasite detection and diagnosis through smartphone applications. Supervised and unsupervised data deep learnings are heavily exploited for the development of automated neural network models for the prediction of parasites, eggs, etc., From microscopic smears and/or sample images with more than 99% accuracy. It is expected that several models will emerge in the future wherein greater attention is being paid to improving the model's accuracy. Invariably, it will increase the chances of adoption across the commercial sectors dealing in health and related applications. However, parasitic life cycle complexity, host range, morphological forms, etc., need to be considered further while developing such models to make the deep tech innovations perfect for bedside and field applications. In this review, the recent development of deep tech innovations focusing on human parasites has been discussed focusing on the present and future dimensions, opportunities, and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"13 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10182393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Paleoparasitology</i> and human evolution.","authors":"Subhash Chandra Parija","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_23_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_23_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9796633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> study to predict promiscuous peptides for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis.","authors":"Varun Chauhan,&nbsp;Azhar Khan,&nbsp;Umar Farooq","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_70_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>, is a major zoonotic disease that causes significant human morbidity and mortality. This cosmopolitan disease is difficult to diagnose, treat, and control. So far, crude extracts of hydatid cyst fluid containing antigen B or antigen 5 have been used as the primary antigenic source for its immunodiagnosis. The main issue is that it reacts with sera from people infected with other helminths. There is currently no standard, specific, or sensitive test for disease diagnosis, and no human vaccine has been reported.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>Considering the need for efficient immunization and/or immunodiagnosis, six <i>E. granulosus</i> antigens, antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1, were chosen.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using various <i>in silico</i> tools, T cell and B cell epitopes (promiscuous peptides) were predicted by targeting antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are twelve promiscuous peptides with overlapping human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I, class-II, and conformational B cell epitopes. Such immunodominant peptides could be useful as subunit vaccines. Furthermore, six peptides specific for <i>E. granulosus</i> were also discovered, which may prove to be important markers in the diagnosis of CE, potentially preventing misdiagnosis and mismanagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These epitopes may be the most important vaccine targets in <i>E. granulosus</i> because they have the most promiscuous peptides and B cell epitopes, as well as the highest affinity for different alleles, as determined by docking scores. However, additional research using <i>in vitro and in vivo</i> models is undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"13 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant multiple subretinal cysticerci in neurocysticercosis","authors":"Simran Chhabra, S. Narang, Anusuya Bhattacharyya, Ravinder Kaur","doi":"10.4103/2229-5070.368525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.368525","url":null,"abstract":"We present a unique case of asymptomatic NCC that was accidently diagnosed on radiological investigations after a road traffic accident. An Ophthalmologic consult was sought to rule out intraocular or optic nerve cysticercosis. Fundoscopy showed multiple white-pale yellow lesions in the right eye which on ultrasonography confirmed cyst lined by a cyst wall consistent with subretinal cysticercosis. The patient was treated with diode laser photocoagulation. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose NCCin endemic areas. In the right eye which on ultrasonography confirmed cyst lined by a cyst wall consistent with subretinal cysticercosis. The patient was treated with diode laser photocoagulation.","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":"65 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82408536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cysticercosis and co-incidence with COVID-19.","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_86_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_86_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 2","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10590061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: Dr. Ramesh Chander Mahajan","authors":"S. Khurana","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"110 1","pages":"133 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79604826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of a <i>Lophomonas</i>, a rare pathogen in Bronchoalveolar lavage.","authors":"Archana Keche,&nbsp;Shagufta Khatoon,&nbsp;Dibakar Sahu","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_97_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_97_21","url":null,"abstract":"Lophomonas infection is an emerging parasitic disease-causing respiratory infection. Although common in immunocompromised patient, it has been observed also in some immunocompetent cases. We report the case of a 45-year-old male who presented with productive cough, fever, and chest pain, with marked eosinophilia and cavitary lesion in the X-ray chest. KOH preparation and acid-fast bacilli microscopy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were negative. Direct microscopic examination of BAL accidentally showed a large number of living Lophomonas species with the movement of flagella. Methylene blue and Giemsa staining showed the plume of flagella and the nucleus. The patient was managed conservatively with metronidazole and get cured. It was concluded that the patient presented with signs and symptoms of pneumonia must be evaluated for rare events also if the patient was not responding with typical management of pneumonia. We reported the first case of this rare entity in Chhattisgarh state in an immunocompetent young Indian male.","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 2","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis: Experience from a tertiary eye care center in North India.","authors":"Nishat Hussain Ahmed,&nbsp;Prachala G Rathod,&nbsp;Gita Satpathy,&nbsp;Radhika Tandon,&nbsp;Namrata Sharma,&nbsp;Jeewan S Titiyal","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_16_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_16_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The free-living amebae of genus <i>Acanthamoeba</i> are an important cause of microbial keratitis. The clinical appearance of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis (AK) usually mimics viral or fungal keratitis. Thus, microbiological workup plays a significant role in the diagnosis and timely treatment of such cases. We report a retrospective case series of seven culture-confirmed AK cases from a tertiary eye care center in North India. Various risk factors and triggers of infection, clinical presentations, microbiological findings, and management of AK are elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 2","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with amoebic liver abscess.","authors":"Yashik Bansal,&nbsp;Vinod Maurya,&nbsp;Vibhor Tak,&nbsp;Gopal Krishna Bohra,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Akhil Dhanesh Goel,&nbsp;Taruna Yadav,&nbsp;Vijaya Lakshmi Nag","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_38_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.TP_38_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Amebic liver abscess (ALA) occurs in 3%-9% of the amebiasis cases, with complications seen in 20%-40% of the cases and 2%-18% mortality rate. Successful treatment thus requires the accurate identification of these cases.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess the seropositivity and profile of ALA patients in western Rajasthan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in western Rajasthan from November 2017 to May 2019. Serological diagnosis of ALA was done by detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the serum of the patients by ELISA. The derangements in laboratory profile (hematological and biochemical parameters) and ultrasonography findings were assessed from the hospital records. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the total cases (<i>n</i> = 34), 20 were diagnosed as ALA. Twenty-one (61.8%) were positive for anti-amebic IgG antibodies. Among ALA patients, 14 (70%) were >40 years old and only 6 (30%) patients were of age ≤40 years. Male: female ratio was 5.7:1, and ultrasonography records of 15 ALA patients revealed the presence of hepatomegaly (<i>n</i> = 7, 46.7%), pleural effusion (<i>n</i> = 3, 20%), lung collapse (<i>n</i> = 2, 13.3%), and vascular involvement (<i>n</i> = 1, 6.7%). The right lobe of the liver was involved in majority of the patients (<i>n</i> = 12, 80%). Total white blood cell count (<i>P</i> < 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (<i>P</i> = 0.001), total serum bilirubin (<i>P</i> = 0.019), and serum alkaline phosphatase (<i>P</i> = 0.018) were significantly elevated in ALA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seroprevalence shows that ALA still remains the dominant etiology in liver abscess patients in this region. There are significant derangements in the laboratory profile that require a larger study for corroboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 2","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Parasites of medical importance harboured by <i>Musca domestica</i> in Calabar, Nigeria.","authors":"Iquo Bassey Otu-Bassey,&nbsp;Glory Kingsley Efretuei,&nbsp;Maurice Mbah","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_51_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_51_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Housefly (<i>Musca domestica</i>), because of its body structure, filthy and feeding habits, is reported to be capable of carrying a variety of microbes, including potential pathogens, over its body appendages.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate <i>M. domestica</i> in Calabar for pathogenic gut parasites, determine its role in parasitic diseases transmission, make appropriate recommendations toward its management and effective control of the associated parasitic diseases, and hence promote the society health status.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 300 <i>M. domestica</i> specimens (150 each from sanitary and insanitary areas, pooled in batches of five flies per pool) were used for the study. The parasites were detected from the spun deposits of fly body surface wash and gut contents using direct microscopy and formol-ether technique.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0, and Chi-square test at a significant level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall frequency of parasites detection was 46.7%, with helminths and protozoa showing similar frequency, 23.3% each. External body surface of flies recorded a statistically significant higher parasites frequency 76.7% than their gut contents 16.7% (<i>P</i> = 0.000). A statistically significant higher parasite detection rate was observed in the insanitary (63.3%) than in sanitary areas (30.0%) (<i>P</i> = 0.0114). The parasites detected in this study were <i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i> 39.9%, hookworm (21.4%), <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (17.9%), <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (14.3%), and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> (7.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has confirmed <i>M. domestica</i> in Calabar as a mechanical carrier of potential pathogenic gut parasites, especially in the insanitary areas, with <i>E. histolytica/dispar</i> being the most frequently encountered. Effective control of flies' population in the human and animal habitats and increased public awareness on their health hazards are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 2","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10590059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}