Tropical Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Breast filariasis masquerading as carcinoma: Cytologic diagnosis in two cases.","authors":"Malvika Shastri,&nbsp;Annu Nanda","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_11_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_11_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filariasis is a common public health problem in the Indian subcontinent. Microfilariae are usually detected in the peripheral circulation; however, the clinical manifestations are related to the lymphatic system primarily. The breast is an uncommon site for filariasis, and the lesion clinically mimics malignancy. We should consider filariasis in the differential diagnoses of breast lumps, especially in endemic areas. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the breast lump allows easy detection of filarial infection, and this can be managed by medical treatment, thereby avoiding surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40689997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of <i>gdh</i> polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and <i>tpi</i> assemblage-specific primers for characterization of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> in children.","authors":"Heba Elhadad,&nbsp;Sarah Abdo,&nbsp;Aziza I Salem,&nbsp;Mostafa A Mohamed,&nbsp;Hend A El-Taweel,&nbsp;Eman A El-Abd","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Giardia</i> is a diarrheagenic eukaryotic parasite that consists of at least eight morphologically identical but genetically distinct genotypes. Human giardiasis is caused mainly by A and B assemblages.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>The study aimed to compare the performance of <i>gdh</i> polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and <i>tpi</i> assemblage-specific primers in genotyping of <i>G. intestinalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Stool samples of 315 children were microscopically screened for <i>G. intestinalis</i>. Positive samples were genotyped using <i>tpi</i> assemblage-specific primers and <i>gdh</i> semi-nested PCR-RFLP techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Giardia</i> was 18.1%. The detected genotypes using <i>tpi</i> and <i>gdh</i> approaches were assemblage A (15.8% vs. 12.7%) and assemblage B (36.8% vs. 74.5%) as single infections and mixed assemblages A and B (47.4% vs. 12.7%). The two approaches showed a moderate agreement (kappa index = 0.413, <i>P</i> < 0.001). PCR-RFLP of <i>gdh</i> gene revealed that sub-assemblages BIII and BIV were equally detected (30.9% each). The remaining samples were equally divided between sub-assemblage AII, mixed BIII and BIV, and mixed AII and BIII (12.7% each). A significant association was detected between the retrieved sub-assemblages and the presence of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although both approaches confirmed the predominance of assemblage B, the use of assemblage-specific primers is more effective in elucidating the true picture of mixed assemblage infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40668698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dicrocoeliosis with urticaria: A case report from India.","authors":"Niharika Lall,&nbsp;Abhijit Babanrao Deshmukh,&nbsp;Sandhya V Saoji","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_39_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_39_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human dicrocoeliosis caused by <i>Dicrocoelium dendriticum</i> is reported sporadically from various parts of the world. <i>D. dendriticum</i>, a liver fluke has a complex life cycle with two intermediate hosts‒the land snail and the ant. True human infection occurs by ingestion of the second intermediate host, but spurious infections have occurred after consumption of undercooked animal liver. We report a case of a 20-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and itchy skin rashes all over the body. Stool microscopy revealed numerous eggs of <i>D. dendritricum</i>. A brief discussion of the medical literature is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"62-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40689996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oxidative stress in response to malarial infection during pregnancy: Complications, histological changes, and pregnancy outcomes.","authors":"Valleesha N Chandrashekhar, Kishore Punnath, Kiran K Dayanand, Srinivas B Kakkilaya, Poornima Jayadev, Suchetha N Kumari, Rajeshwara N Achur, D Channe Gowda","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_18_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.TP_18_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Pregnancy malaria is a major underestimated global public health problem. To understand the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathophysiology of placental malaria, OS biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid (UA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed and correlated to placental histopathological changes and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study was conducted in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, to analyze the changes in hematological parameters and the serum OS biomarker levels. Histological analysis of placenta, associated complications, and pregnancy outcomes were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison between two groups was made by Mann-Whitney U-test. Correlations were calculated by Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 105 pregnant women, 34 were healthy controls and the infected group comprised of <i>Plasmodium Vivax</i> (Pv) (<i>n</i> = 48), <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (Pf) (<i>n</i> = 13), and mixed (<i>n</i> = 10) malaria infections. Of 71 infected cases, 67.6% had mild malaria, whereas 32.4% had severe malaria. The white blood cell and C-reactive protein levels were found to increase, whereas hemoglobin, red blood cell, and platelet levels decreased during both types of malarial infections. The MDA and UA values increased and SOD levels decreased particularly during severe Pf infections. Histological changes such as syncytial knots, syncytial ruptures, and fibrinoid necrosis were observed particularly during Pf infections and leukocyte infiltration was observed in <i>Pv</i> malaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluation of MDA, UA, and SOD levels can serve as an indicator of OS during pregnancy malaria. The OS during pregnancy may lead to complications such as severe anemia, pulmonary edema, intra uterine growth retardation, premature delivery, and low birth weight, not only during Pf but also in Pv malaria. It is important to create awareness among rural and immigrant population residing in Mangaluru and its surroundings about required preventive measures and free government-supported antenatal care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40690002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Blastocystis</i> spp. infection in cases of diarrhea: A pilot study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, with a brief review of literature.","authors":"Sweta Jha,&nbsp;Pratima Gupta,&nbsp;Mohit Bhatia","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_90_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.TP_90_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are among the most common infections throughout the world. <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is a mysterious parasite which is commonly encountered in tropical countries. Its pathogenic status is unknown and there is a paucity of literature about this organism from the state of Uttarakhand, India.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim was to estimate the prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in diarrheal stools.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to July 2019.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Nonrepetitive stool samples of 187 consecutive patients of diarrhea attending the inpatient department and outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, were collected after obtaining informed written consent. These samples were subjected to wet mount microscopy and permanent staining.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Fisher's exact test and Kappa coefficient were used in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 36.04 ± 11.31 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49:1. The prevalence of IPI was 36.09%. <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> was the most common parasite. <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. was observed in 6.42% of the stool samples, majority of which were obtained from cases of chronic diarrhea. Moderate agreement (0.48) was observed between wet mount microscopy and permanent staining in the identification of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to assess the burden and role of different epidemiological and clinical profiles of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in Uttarakhand. More studies are required to know its pathogenesis and its role as opportunistic pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"11 2","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39880712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Medical Communication – The A, B, C, D, E of it.","authors":"P. Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_64_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_64_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"955 1","pages":"133 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75687391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of the castor seed cake (biowaste) for mosquito vector control.","authors":"Nisha Sogan,&nbsp;Smriti Kala,&nbsp;Neera Kapoor,&nbsp;P K Patanjali,&nbsp;B N Nagpal","doi":"10.4103/2229-5070.328691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.328691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work is related to the utilization of castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) seed cake, biowaste produced during the oil extraction of castor seeds, as efficient mosquitocidal composition against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i>. The efficacy of coil formulations was evaluated in the Peet Grady chamber and resulted in 90% and 100% knocked down and mortality against <i>A. aegypti</i> and <i>A. Culicifacies</i>, respectively. Further heavy metals' (Cr, Pb, Co, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn) analysis of the coil was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrometry and was compared with commercially available mosquito repellent coil. Heavy metal analysis revealed that commercial repellent coil had a higher content of heavy metals than the castor seed cake coil. Finding of the present research study indicates that castor seed cake coil has the potential to be used in mosquito vector control. Castor seed cake coil formulation will also open up avenues in future for sustainable utilization of the biowaste.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"11 2","pages":"102-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39866785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High susceptibility to severe malaria among patients with A blood group versus those with O blood group: A cross-sectional study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","authors":"Serge Tonen-Wolyec,&nbsp;Salomon Batina-Agasa","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_87_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_87_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the association of severe malaria infection with the ABO blood groups among acute febrile patients at the General Hospital of Rungu, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and October 2018. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>-infected individuals were categorized as severe malaria and uncomplicated malaria. A total of 400 febrile patients were enrolled. The majority (<i>n</i> = 251; 62.8%) was positive <i>P. falciparum</i> in microscopy test, of whom 180 (71.7%) had uncomplicated malaria and 71 (28.3%) severe malaria; 32.3%, 18.3%, 2.8%, and 46.6% were found to be blood group of A, B, AB, and O, respectively. In the multivariate analysis using the logistic regression models, severe malaria was high among patients with A blood group compared to those with O blood group (45.8% vs. 13.7%; adjusted odds ratio: 5.3 [95% confidence interval: 2.7-10.5]; <i>P</i> < 0.001). This survey demonstrates that patients with A blood group had a high susceptibility to severe malaria compared to those with O blood group.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"11 2","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39866786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> in Thailand.","authors":"Jerapas Thongpiya,&nbsp;Suchada Kreetitamrong,&nbsp;Theerasak Thongsit,&nbsp;Tanaporn Toothong,&nbsp;Sunsanee Rojanapanus,&nbsp;Patsharaporn Techasintana Sarasombath","doi":"10.4103/tp.TP_113_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_113_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic disease which is commonly caused by two <i>Dirofilaria</i> species; <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> and <i>Dirofilaria repens</i>. Humans are accidental dead-end hosts of the parasites, and the infection is mainly asymptomatic. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old Thai woman who experienced a painful left shoulder nodule and eosinophilia for 1 month. An excisional biopsy of the nodule revealed a degenerated filarial nematode compatible with adult females of the <i>Dirofilaria</i> species. Molecular identification of the partial 12 mt rRNA gene of the worm confirmed that the causative species was <i>D. repens</i>, a zoonotic filariasis that causes subcutaneous dirofilariasis in dogs and cats. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first reported case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by <i>D. repens</i> in Thailand. This increased concerns about zoonotic filariasis from natural animal reservoirs in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"11 2","pages":"125-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39880708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication Trends in the COVID Era.","authors":"Subhash Chandra Parija","doi":"10.4103/tp.tp_84_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tp.tp_84_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37825,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Parasitology","volume":"11 2","pages":"69-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}