Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Brain Waves Reflect Cognition-Emotion State as a Diagnostic Tool for Intervention in Dysfunctional States: A Real-World Evidence","authors":"Sílvia Mayoral-Rodrígez, F. Pérez-Álvarez, C. Timoneda-Gallart","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to characterize electrical signals to establish a diagnosis of cognitive-emotional dysfunction and guide a successful therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the present study aimed to observe these frequency bands in a sample of dysfunctional neurological behaviors to establish a neural marker of neural dysfunction that helps diagnose and monitor treatment. \u0000Methods: A descriptive retrospective (extracted from the database) observational study design based on real-world historical data from routine clinical practice. According to DSM-5, low academic achievement (n =70), disruptive behavior (externalizing behavior problems) (n=70), and somatic syndrome disorder (n=70) were the subjects. The mean age of the sample was 14.13 (SD = 1.46; range 12-18), 31.5% women. The measuring instrument was the NeXus-10, which is suitable for acquiring a wide range of physiological signals. Brain electrical activity was recorded by using the quantitative electroencephalograph (qEEG) in accordance with the 10-20 International Electrode Placement System. In particular, the specific form of miniQ (mini-qEEG) was used. \u0000Results: A pattern record present in all cases were identified. The record refers to (a) activity along the midline, namely, Fz-Cz-Pz, (b) activity from the center (Cz) to back, namely, Pz-O1 and O2, (c) activity from the center (Cz) forward (Fz), and (d) comparison between hemispheres. The characteristics of theta, alpha, and beta waves define the characteristic pattern of neurological dysfunction. The reversal of the dysfunctional pattern coincided with the remission of the clinical symptoms after treatment, which occurred in 87,6% of the subjects. We define remission as not meeting DSM-5 criteria. \u0000Conclusion: This study suggests that miniQ register could be considered a simple and objective tool for studying neurological dysfunction. This dysfunction is explained according to current neurological knowledge of interactive cognition-emotion processing. MiniQ may be a cheap and reliable method and a promising tool for the investigation in the field.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44042362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Resilience on Psychological Well-Being","authors":"Adina Niyazova, Z. Madaliyeva","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The issue of the individual's psychological well-being is one of the most interesting and relevant in psychology. Its study has implications not only for theoretical but also for many of the present practical challenges. This study explores predictors of psychological well-being, one of which is resilience. \u0000Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyse psychological well-being predictors and prove that resilience is one of its important predictors. \u0000Methods: To achieve the aim, a theoretical grounding of the key concepts was made, and an empirical study was carried out. The following techniques were used: the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the Maddi's Hardiness Survey. Furthermore, at the empirical level, the characteristics of resilience among different age groups were recorded. \u0000Results: The study presents the results of a survey involving 150 people of different ages related to the profession of consulting psychologists. Furthermore, the study identified the following predictors of psychological well-being: resilience, femininity/masculinity, positive attitudes, emotional lability, irritability, and aggression. \u0000Conclusions: Based on the study of psychological and pedagogical literature and the study findings, it has been concluded that resilience should be considered a mechanism for achieving psychological well-being. The theoretical analysis described the concepts of \"psychological well-being\" and \"resilience\", providing their characteristics and factors.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oral Placement and Expressive Therapies on Speech Intelligibility of Adolescents with Articulation Disorder","authors":"Temitope Adebisi Amodu, A. Osisanya, O. Dada, J. Petters, Margaret Okwuonu Uzor, Francis Kibai Sarimiye, A. Orovwigho, Uzoamaka Nneka Mbaekwe, V. Etim, M. Ngwu, Ololade Olayinka Nnamani, S. Orim","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligible speech is vital to every adolescent's life, but this skill can be confounded with the presence of articulation disorder. Meanwhile, studies have been conducted using different therapies to improve speech intelligibility. This study investigated the effect of oral placement and expressive therapies on speech intelligibility among adolescents with articulation disorders. \u0000The study adopted a pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental research design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix. Three special centers were randomly selected, and purposive sampling was used in selecting 60 adolescents having articulation disorders comprising 34 males and 26 females. These adolescents were randomly assigned to Experimental Group 1 (n= 22), Experimental Group 2 (n= 21), and Control (n= 17). Speech Intelligibility Assessment Scale (r=0.92) was the instrument used for the study. Participants in the experimental groups were exposed to the oral placement and expressive therapeutic treatments, while those in the control groups were sensitized to a placebo. Three hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance, while data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), mean scores, and Bonferroni Post Hoc Test. \u0000Findings revealed that there was a significant main effect of treatments F(2,56) = 112.52; p <0.05 (oral placement therapy, expressive therapy, and control group with placebo), and also a significant interaction effect of treatments, gender, and age F(2, 47) = 7.37; p <0.05 on speech intelligibility of adolescents with articulation disorders despite the presence of placebo. Oral placement and expressive therapies were effective in managing the speech intelligibility of adolescents with articulation disorders. \u0000Therefore, speech therapists should adopt these therapeutic interventions in rehabilitating adolescents with articulation disorders.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of School Assessors’ Knowledge and Competence on Diagnostic Overshadowing for Appropriate Placement of Children with Intellectual Disability in Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Orim, M. Orim, D. Alawa, J. Olayi, J. Ewa, E. Essien, C. Essien, M. Olofu, I. Igba, S. A. Unimke, N. N. Osaji, R. Ogar, F. Unimuke","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the knowledge and competence of special teachers and psychologists in diagnostic overshadowing and differential diagnosis in children with intellectual disability in Cross River State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted. Sixty (60) respondents comprising teachers and school psychologists were purposively selected from three main special schools in Cross River State. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. A rating scale titled ‘Mental Health Diagnosis Competency Scale (r=0.91)’ was used for data collection. The instrument was used to assess the knowledge and competence of special teachers and school psychologists in diagnostic overshadowing and differential diagnosis in children with intellectual disabilities. The data collected were statistically analyzed using percentages, frequency count, and bar chart. The findings revealed that most teachers and school psychologists have no knowledge of psychiatric symptomatology in children with intellectual disabilities. Respondents also lack adequate competence in differential diagnosis, leading to wrong special education placement and inadequate intervention plans for such children. It was recommended, among others, that the government provide in-service training for teachers and psychologists to equip them on current issues and practices in special education, such as differential diagnosis and collaborative partnership within a transdisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46813519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study on the Employment of a Person with Intellectual Disability in Childcare Work in Japan","authors":"Kazuaki Maebara","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, it has become necessary to promote the employment of persons with intellectual disabilities in new occupations. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to analyze the case of a person with an intellectual disability employed in childcare work and examine it from the perspective of issues in securing employment for the disabled. \u0000Method: As a case study, an in-depth interview was conducted to survey a director of the Center for Early Childhood Education and Care, which had been hiring persons with intellectual disabilities and organizing the employment process for about four years. \u0000Results: The person with intellectual disability was assigned to perform direct support work, mainly childcare work, and was aided by staff members responsible for guidance and the verbalization of job instructions. In addition, the staff provided specific guidance for solving problems that occurred in daily life. The work could be carried out smoothly. \u0000Conclusion: While many people with intellectual disabilities are engaged in indirect support work, participating in direct support work, mainly childcare work, may positively affect their career development. Additionally, in focusing on the workplace, it is important to reconsider daily life issues from the viewpoint of long-term stability in the workplace and improve the methods used for transition support. The data were collected from a single case, which may limit the generalisability of the findings.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44676089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness, Quality of Life, and Resilience among Mothers of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies","authors":"Doaa Mohammed Abdul Azeem Mubarak","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim is to investigate the relationships between mindfulness, QoL, and resilience based on the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (CERs) data on 110 mothers were collected and analyzed. \u0000Methods: A descriptive research with a correlational model in which the path analysis model is used to obtain the relationship between variables was used. Results indicate that Adaptive CER has a direct and significant correlation with QoL, Mindfulness, and Resilience. Non-Adaptive CER has an inverse and significant correlation with QoL, Mindfulness, and Resilience. \u0000Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicate that all paths adaptive CERs and non-Adaptive CERs were significant. E.g. the path of mindfulness to adaptive CERs was significant, and to non-adaptive CERs was significant. The path of QoL to adaptive CERs was significant, and to non-Adaptive CERs was significant. The path of resilience to adaptive CERs was significant, and to non-Adaptive CERs was significant. \u0000Conclusion: It can be said that when the mother has mental health components, she can provide a rich and healthy environment for the child with ASD to be able to help him/her develop.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47888030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative Rehearsal and Auditory Verbal Memory of Persons with Down Syndrome","authors":"O. Dada, Anulika Chinyere Okpara, O. P. Adeleke, M. Okon, Anne Merimekwu, Effa German Anagbogbu, J. Petters, G. Edu, Asuquo Eno, L. Akah, Martin Afen Olufu","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.6","url":null,"abstract":"One of the characteristics of persons with Down syndrome is poor memory, especially the Auditory-Verbal Memory (AVM). Lack of verbal memory among persons with Down syndrome is one major factor that inhibits learning. This is why the effort towards enhancing AVM of persons with Down syndrome is evolving. This study, therefore, investigated the efficacy of cumulative rehearsal on auditory verbal memory of persons with Down syndrome with speech production and gender as moderator variables. \u0000A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial matrix of pretest-posttest control group experimental design was used in the study. A sample of thirty participants was drawn from a population of 44 persons with Down syndrome and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups in two special schools; National Orthopaedic Special School, Igbobi, and Modupe Cole Memorial Childcare and Treatment Home/School, Akoka. Data was collected using a validated self-developed instrument, Auditory Verbal Memory Assessment Scale (AVMAS) (r-0.86). Two hypotheses were tested using ANCOVA. \u0000Findings from the study revealed that: cumulative rehearsal therapy significantly impacted the auditory-verbal memory of persons with Down syndrome, with significant improvement observed. There was no significant interaction effect of speech level and gender with the therapy. \u0000It was thus concluded that cumulative rehearsal therapy is effective in enhancing auditory-verbal memory and so recommended for the improvement of AVM of persons with Down syndrome.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Boccia Throw Test Instrument for Athletes with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"R. Doewes, Islahuzzaman Nuryadin, Singgih Hendarto, S. Purnama","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Boccia is an accuracy game for athletes with cerebral palsy. In a Boccia game, the players throw a red- or blue-colored leather ball towards a white-colored target ball called the jack. Points are awarded to the colored balls with the closest distance to the jack. \u0000Aims: This development research aims to design a Boccia throw test instrument for novice athletes with cerebral palsy and test the instrument's validity and reliability. \u0000Methods: We use research and development with a 6-step instrument development method by Gall, Gall, and Borg. The subject of this research was 20 novice Boccia athletes who completed six trials to test the validity and reliability of the test instrument. Analysis was conducted through corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha using SPSS. \u0000Results: This research has produced a boccia throwing test instrument for cerebral palsy athletes with a throwing target in the form of a circle diameter of 25 cm, which is placed 5 meters from the ball throwing area. This instrument has proven its validity and reliability based on the validity value on the corrected item-total correlation > 0.05 and the reliability value on Cronbach's alpha > 0.80. \u0000Conclusion: The resulting test instrument is valid and reliable to assess the Boccia throwing accuracy skill in novice players.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46662702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Staff Social Practice and Attitude towards People with Mental Disorders","authors":"Stadnik Oksana, Sliushchinskiy Bohdan, Varha Nataliia, Khodus Olena, Polovaia Nataliia","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the social vulnerability of the people with mental disorders and a certain dualism of treatment practice within this social category of people and beginning from socializing process to isolation in Ukrainian society, it becomes relevant to prevent the formation of antisocial and stigmatizing consequences toward the patients with mental disorders in society. \u0000Objective: The article's aim involves the social practice of studying and attitude toward patients with mental disorders. They are based on the results of sociological questionnaires. \u0000Methods: The questionnaire is based on psychiatrists and psychiatric hospitals’ medical staff surveys. It covers 505 medical workers of the Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital in the Zaporizskiy region of Ukraine. \u0000Results: The result points to the domination of neutral attitude toward the mentally disabled people among the respondents-experts (medical and junior medical staff including), which in turn causes several negative consequences as follows: lack of understanding of treatment differences concerning the mentally healthy and mentally ill; a latent reluctance for changing the social treatment practice towards the mentally ill in a more humane way; distancing from the mentally ill; a change of verbally-behavioral practice to antisocial, hostile ones. etc. \u0000Conclusions: Despite the globalization of the modern world, the local composition of verbal-behavioral social practice toward people with mental disorders is influenced by socio-cultural, economic, and political determinants.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let’s Take A Walk: Exploring the Impact of an Inclusive Walking Program on the Physical and Mental Health of Adults with Intellectual Disability","authors":"J. Jones, Kami L. Gallus, S. Emerson, Christina M. Sciarrillo, Tia C. Waldrop","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with intellectual disabilities experience health disparities and poorer health outcomes than people without disabilities. Increased physical activity has been found to reduce the impact of chronic health conditions among people with intellectual disabilities. Method: The current study explored the impact of an inclusive walking program on the physical and mental health of adults with intellectual disabilities. Let’s Take A Walk paired adults with intellectual disabilities, hereafter referred to as Community Walkers (n = 27), with college students to walk around a college campus twice a week for 45 minutes across 10 weeks. Data on mental health outcomes, specifically depression and anxiety, were collected from 24 Community Walkers across four-time points (pre-, mid-, post-, and 3-months following intervention), and data on physical health outcomes were collected across two-time points (pre- and post-intervention). Results: Community Walkers reported significant decreases in both depression and anxiety from pre to post-implementation. Particularly promising was clinically significant decreases in anxiety symptoms over the 10-week program. No differences were noted on Community Walkers’ measures of physical health. Conclusion: Inclusive walking programs are a valuable and promising mechanism for building social connections and inclusion and improving mental health for adults with intellectual disabilities.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}