PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Assassination of a Nation: Sanctions and Economic Warfare","authors":"M. Jalili","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3893158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893158","url":null,"abstract":"World war second was over, and the states were thinking about a new way of destroying the nations. Although the sanctions are permitted through the UN security council, the lawfulness of unilateral sanctions imposed by one or some states has remained an issue under international law. The sanctions' only tangible impact has been observed in the financial and economic struggle of the society.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125378973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Sovereignty to Complementarity: A View to a Intertwining Society","authors":"R. de la Fuente","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3718166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3718166","url":null,"abstract":"Through this article I introduce a proposal for a new form of global organization, the steps and conditions that institutions should take into consideration in order to achieve unification and prosperity within the human race.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126311513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International Governance of Competition and Trade –Theoretical and Institutional Differences.","authors":"G. Oliveira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3315655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3315655","url":null,"abstract":"Economic globalization brings forms of global governance. Multilateral economic institutions, such as the IMF and the WTO, emerged as mechanisms of regulation of international markets. Countries decide to abide by the rules emanated from transnational institutions in order to tackle externalities derived from otherwise unregulated market transactions in international trade and finance. For developing countries, the adoption of rules from the abovementioned institutions may enhance institutional learning, hence, contributing to economic development. Contrary to what occurred with trade and finance, there was no headway on a global institutional framework to regulate international competition. Yet, global firm strategies in the area of production and services may have effects on international and domestic competition, for example: cartels with transboundary effects, agreements to exclude foreign competitors, abuse of dominant positions, mergers between companies in different countries, vertical markets integration in regional trade blocks, among others. There is a trend toward “globalization anticompetitive practices”. This paper discusses this apparent contradiction, that is: the rise of antitrust aspects in the global economy not matched by an international institutional response. First, it discusses some stylized facts regarding the relation between economic globalization and competition, focusing on trade issues. Second, it identifies theoretical foundations of trade and competition policies, emphasizing the political economy of antidumping, a policy in which trade and competition intersect. Antidumping policy and international cartels are examples. The third section suggests that, despite the lack of formal international regimes, there has been institutional convergence in competition policies among countries; based on “order without formal law” and “competition advocacy”.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126769303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Give Up on Global Governance?","authors":"J. Pisani-Ferry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3296417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, which partially draws on the author's Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa inaugural lecture at the EUI, is an updated and augmented version of a contribution to the Hertie School’s Governance Report 2018, published under the title ‘Is global governance passe?’. The high point of global governance was reached in the mid-1990s around the creation of the World Trade Organisation. It was hoped that globalisation would be buttressed by a system of global rules and a network of specialised global institutions. Two decades later these hopes have been dashed by a series of global governance setbacks, the rise of economic nationalism and the dramatic change of attitude of the United States administration. From trade to the environment, a retreat from multilateralism is observable. The 2008 elevation of the G20 to leaders’ level was an exception to this trend. But the G20 is no more than a political steering body. The reasons for this retreat partially arise from political developments in individual countries. But such factors hide a series specific roadblocks to global governance - the growing number and diversity of countries involved; the mounting rivalry between the US and China; doubts about globalisation and the distribution of the associated benefits; the obsolescence of global rules and institutions; imbalances within the global governance regime; and increased complexity. What, then, should be the way forward? The demand for global governance has not diminished, but support for binding multilateral arrangements has. There is a need for alternative governance technologies that better accommodate the diversity of players, provide for more flexibility and rely less on compulsion. From competition to financial regulation, such arrangements have been developed in a series of fields already. They are often hailed as providing a solution to the governance conundrum. But their effectiveness should be assessed critically. Can they overcome the free-rider curse and enforcement problems? Usual game theory suggests not. Not all games are similar, however, and some collective action problems can be tackled without recourse to coercion. Against this background, multilateralists hesitate over the choice of a strategy. One option would be to seek to preserve the existing order to the greatest extent possible. Its downside is that it does not address the underlying problems. An alternative option is to try to redesign international arrangements, putting the emphasis on flexibility and voluntary participation. Its downside is that it risks overlooking the intrinsic problems of international or global collective action. A potentially more promising approach would be to define the minimum conditions that the multilateral framework must fulfil to provide a strong-enough basis for flexible, variable-geometry and possibly informal arrangements. In the end, we should neither cultivate the nostalgia of yesterday’s order nor invest our hopes in ineffective international coo","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121650402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crisis of World Order and the Constitutive Regime of the International System","authors":"Mohamed Helal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3247645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3247645","url":null,"abstract":"Statespersons, scholars, and commentators of every political persuasion agree that we are currently witnessing a crisis of world order. It is widely assumed that the co-called ‘Liberal World Order’ that the United States constructed in the post-World War II years is collapsing. This Article interrogates and challenges this claim. This Article examines what it means to speak of ‘world order’. It argues that to understand the notion of ‘world order’, it is necessary to investigate the normative foundations of the international system. Therefore, this Article develops a theoretical construct that I call the Constitutive Regime of the International System to conceptualize the notion of world order. It argues that the international system is predicated on and governed by a Constitutive Regime that embodies a grand worldview – i.e. a theory of world order – that prescribes policies, practices, and rules of international law that are considered necessary for maintaining global order and stability. This regime, which is designed by the Great Powers of each historical epoch, shapes international and domestic politics. It determines the criteria and preconditions of statehood, thereby affecting how societies are organized and governed. It promotes certain methods for the conduct of world politics, and it establishes mechanisms for international lawmaking, thus providing the constitutive foundation of international law. A crisis of world order occurs when these basic normative assumptions about the nature of the international system and the processes of global governance are challenged. \u0000 \u0000Having provided a conceptual framework for understanding the notion of ‘world order’, this Article then challenges the claim that the post-World War II ‘Liberal World Order’ is currently in a period of crisis. It argues that, beginning in the 1970s, the Liberal World Order of the post-World War II era was replaced by a neoliberal world order – in other words, a neoliberal Constitutive Regime. This Article shows how this neoliberal Constitutive Regime shaped virtually every aspect of world politics and provided the normative foundation of globalization during the closing decades of the twentieth century. The Article concludes with a discussion of the origins of the current crisis of world order and a reflection on the future of world order in an era of increased Great Power competition.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132917878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donald Trump's Policy and International Institutions","authors":"M. Larionova, A. Sakharov, A. Shelepov, M. Rakhmangulov","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2946370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2946370","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: The rhetoric of Donald Trump, as well as some of his actions, have given rise to a lot of questions as to what will be the United States’ future policy toward certain leading international organizations like the UN, G7, the EU, and the WTO. This policy will certainly undergo a number of changes, but most of these changes are not going to be radical. It is obvious that Trump is not going to desist from the use of diplomatic tools and global institutions when pursuing his foreign policy that will primarily be oriented towards safeguarding US national security interests. \u0000Russian Abstract: Риторика и некоторые практические шаги Дональда Трампа вызвали немало вопросов на тему о том, какой в реальности окажется политика США в отношении ведущих международных институтов – ООН, «группы семи», ЕС, ВТО. Эта политика будет меняться, однако во многих случаях перемены, скорее всего, не будут носить радикального характера. Очевидно, что Трамп не планирует отказываться от использования дипломатических инструментов и глобальных институтов реализации внешней политики, приоритетом которой являются интересы национальной безопасности США.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global World - Globals Responses","authors":"Andre Ramires","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3147554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3147554","url":null,"abstract":"The Former Secretary-General Kofi Annan said how the challenges of the twenty first century would not be conquered if it weren’t for international organizations. It is widely believed that international organizations should be responsible for the maintenance of international peace and stability and that they should act in the interest of the international community. One of the deficiencies would be according to critics the greater transparency of these institutions, regulation and control within these organizations so that they reflect more than just the interest of the powerful States.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127016622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Physics Solution to the Hardest Problem in Social Science: Physics Foundation of Permanent World Peace","authors":"James J. Wayne","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2518042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2518042","url":null,"abstract":"One problem is standing out above all others in social science: how should humanity govern itself? The problem is so important that all wars of humanity in the past, present, and future, are directly related to this problem. Despite the fact that this problem has attracted interests of some greatest thinkers for thousands of years: Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Locke, Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Kant, Marx, Einstein, Hayek, and many others, yet the problem remains unsolved. The latest thinking on this humanity governing problem by mainstream social scientists is represented by views of Friedrich Hayek. In his writings, Hayek repeatedly warned that we must shed the illusion that we can deliberately create the future of mankind. This paper disagrees with Hayek and proves for the first time that this problem is solvable scientifically applying recently-created physics laws of social science, if the problem is formulated in a correct way: what kind of governing political structure of humanity is most stable? Most-stable structure problems appear routinely in the theoretical and experimental condensed matter physics. We show that the humanity governing problem is equivalent to find an equilibrium political structure of a human society, which is a many-body physics problem 100% solvable using the maximum entropy approach widely-used in the condensed matter physics. This paper establishes the framework and methodology of quantum politics and replaces traditional political philosophy with quantum physics as the solid foundation of political science, and analyzes the equilibrium political structure of a human society. The main results are quite surprising: (1) Quantum physics does provide a firm scientific foundation for social science. For the first time, political science, economics, and other social science become branches of quantum physics just like optics and chemistry. (2) Quantum physics says that we can create free, fair, just, peaceful, and prosperous human societies. We prove that there is certainly no better alternative than the equilibrium political structure, which is defined by a set of 16 democratic principles. (3) The existing democratic governments in the world can be improved in significant ways. For example, there are many fundamental design flaws in the US constitution. American civil wars, slavery, epidemic gun violence, and run away government debts are some direct results of design flaws of the US constitution. (4) Quantum physics clearly says that there is a global political equilibrium state, which corresponds to the permanent world peace. This paper provides a theoretically-sound and practical solution to eliminate the nuclear, biological, chemical, robotic, and other forms of weapons of massive destruction. In the long run, humanity can grow up and will put an end to deaths, miseries, and economic destruction caused by wars, which have been plagued us since the dawn of humanity.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130973366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NGOs and Indigenous Organizations in Peruvian Amazon Basin: Partners, Asset Providers or Bridge Builders?","authors":"Ricardo Villanueva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2201156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2201156","url":null,"abstract":"Non-governmental organizations working in the promotion of development (ONGD) are actors that articulate two aspects that had generally been unlinked in the world of development: technical capability-expert knowledge and the capacity for advocay and channelling of demands of vulnerable social actors. Since the 1970s, NGOs in the field of sustainable development have contributed to highlight indigenous Amazonian peoples' rights to territory and preservation of their habitats. In recent years different and new roles have arisen accross a range of different types of NGOs amidst a mounting trend of conflict as a consequence of proliferation of extractive industry in vulnerable areas. New specialized roles develop from a complex equation that combines NGOs' principles and background, interaction within the NGO community and the position the organization is willing to play within the array of actors involved in the conflict-negotiation processes that arise around the relationship between extractive industries and indigenous groups.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129003816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Governance and the Certification Revolution: Types, Trends and Challenges","authors":"A. Marx","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1764563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1764563","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades one can observe the emergence and development of private global governance regimes which regulate internationally manufactured and traded products. These private regulatory initiatives develop specific social and/or ecological standards. When products, organisations or production processes meet these standards they receive a certificate. This chapter outlines different types of private governance initiatives, analyses the major trends with regard to private governance and discusses the main challenges. The chapter stresses that there are many different types of initiative and argues that a typology framework should enable researchers to capture the dynamics in the field of private governance. For this purpose a governance matrix is developed in two dimensions, i.e. who sets the standards and how they are implemented. Secondly, this chapter identifies two major trends, namely a sharp increase in the use of certification systems and increasing recognition from (international) public authorities and policymakers. Finally, the chapter discusses four main challenges with which these systems are confronted, with a specific focus on scale and scope, legitimacy, coordination and cooperation and equity.","PeriodicalId":377344,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Institutions: Politics of International Institutions & Global Governance (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}