Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Mysterious illness outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multidimensional public health emergency","authors":"M.M. Hassan , I.I. Okon , O.J. Okesanya , M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of mental illness and neurological dysfunction in Tamil cinema: A questionnaire-based survey and its outcomes","authors":"T. Gangadharan ,&nbsp;A. Jayaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mass media significantly shape public perceptions, and Tamil cinema (Kollywood) plays a vital role in this cultural narrative. However, it often perpetuates stereotypes associated with mental illness, contributing to stigma and misunderstanding within society. Given the growing influence of cinema, it is essential to examine how psychiatric conditions are represented in Kollywood films and the impact these portrayals have on public perception.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The study analyzed Tamil-language films from the past four decades that depicted psychiatric illnesses. A Google search was conducted to compile a list of relevant Kollywood movies. Each film was then screened and evaluated based on character demographics, exhibited symptoms, diagnoses, and the scientific accuracy of these portrayals. A total of twenty-eight films from the last 45 years were analyzed. Additionally, a questionnaire-based survey was administered to the general public to assess perceptions of mental illness and neurological dysfunction as depicted in Tamil cinema.</div></div><div><h3>Results/Discussion</h3><div>The analysis revealed that most characters with mental health issues were portrayed as middle-aged, unmarried, employed, and from affluent backgrounds. The most commonly depicted symptom was aggression, and the dominant diagnosis presented was psychopathy. These portrayals often showed a decline in the characters’ mental health over time. Survey responses indicated that such cinematic depictions significantly influence audience perceptions, reinforcing negative stereotypes and contributing to the social stigma surrounding mental illness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/Perspectives</h3><div>The study highlights the critical role of Kollywood in shaping societal attitudes toward mental health. The recurring inaccuracies and dramatized portrayals in films can perpetuate misinformation and reinforce stigma. By drawing attention to these trends, this research calls for more accurate, sensitive, and responsible representations of mental illness in Tamil cinema, with the potential to foster awareness, empathy, and destigmatization in the broader public consciousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating basic obstetric ultrasound into midwifery training to reduce maternal mortality in Somalia: World midwifery day reflection","authors":"H.M. Nur ,&nbsp;M.M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;N.I. Dirie","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falling birthrate and rising C-section: Post-pandemic evidence from New York","authors":"M. Rabbani ,&nbsp;Z. Akbari","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The literature documents the effects of the pandemic on birthrate, birthweight, and pregnancy complications. However, the evidence is mixed on the persistence of these effects post-pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined whether birthrate has decline with the onset of the pandemic, if the effects subsided post-pandemic, and whether there are discrepancies by race and ethnicity, or between vaginal delivery and C-section.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the 2012–2022 hospital inpatient discharge data of New York, we implemented fixed-effects regression models to estimate changes in birthrate and delivery method composition. The study was conducted at the Zip-Code level, and eliminated the effect of time-invariant characteristics such as geographic and demo- graphic discrepancies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Birthrate was declining pre-pandemic by 1.11% annually. The onset of the pandemic in 2020 led to an additional 7.61% decline in birthrate, which did not revert to the pre-pandemic trajectory in subsequent years, indicating a persistent decline. The post-pandemic decline was more pronounced in vaginal deliveries, with weak evidence of a drop in C-sections. In our sample, C-sections generate 61% more revenue than vaginal deliveries, suggesting that healthcare providers may have increased C-section rates to offset revenue losses from declining birthrates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The pandemic accelerated an ongoing decline in birthrate, and this decline has persisted post-pandemic. The shift in delivery method composition raises concerns about potential financial incentives influencing clinical decisions. Further research is needed to confirm whether hospitals are upselling C-sections in response to declining births.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting ethical research with young mothers: Key considerations for methodology and engagement","authors":"C. Laurenzi ,&nbsp;M. Thabeng ,&nbsp;C. Busakhwe ,&nbsp;N. Waluwalu ,&nbsp;N. Woollett ,&nbsp;S. Lindani ,&nbsp;U. Maluleke ,&nbsp;M. Tomlinson ,&nbsp;E. Toska","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Adolescent engagement can enhance research by offering opportunities for empowerment and equity, and increasing relevance. However, to be effective, engagement should uphold ethical principles—particularly for adolescents who are exposed to adversities, including those who become mothers at a young age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>We share five key insights in this paper from our ongoing work with young mothers living with HIV between 16–20 years of age in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, focusing on ethics and methods to maximize engagement. Insights were derived through a series of arts-based activities in participatory workshops with young mothers held in April 2024 and March 2025 (<em>n</em> = 40). First, research with young mothers should respond to evidence gaps about their needs, while also recognizing young mothers as multi-dimensional young people. Second, ethical, equitable engagement from recruitment to closing is paramount; we focus specifically on recruitment and consent processes. Third, research with young mothers should balance between tailoring options towards individuals’ preferences and comfort level, while also structuring types of engagement; arts-based methods can provide a medium for such engagement. Fourth, the format and forum of participant engagement can shape research outputs and experiences, particularly with more sensitive topics and populations. Finally, a working protocol for referrals and follow-ups is essential, and should be easily operationalized, adapted, and updated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These insights provide context for other researchers engaging with young mothers or other youth facing complex life events in low-resource settings. Ethical practices and participatory methods can support more dynamic knowledge exchange and generate meaningful findings, contributing to more responsive programs and policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness Based Sufism Intervention: Systematic Literature Review","authors":"S. Rejeki ,&nbsp;Haryono ,&nbsp;Sunawan ,&nbsp;Mulawarman ,&nbsp;A. Hakim","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mindfulness has its roots in Buddhist spirituality, but the concept can be applied across religious traditions. Religion, ethics, and spirituality play an important role in the practice of mindfulness, but there is concern among Muslim scholars that adaptations of mindfulness rooted in Buddhist traditions and developed in the West may bring cultural influences that are inconsistent with Islamic teachings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aims to explore the concept of mindfulness based Sufism intervention in various literature and examine existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness based Sufism intervention on mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The databases used in the search were PubMed, Sage, Springer and Taylor &amp; Francis. The scope of this review intentionally includes both conceptual and empirical studies, encompassing a wide range of research types such as field-based interventions, observational studies, and literature analyses. The population focus is general Muslims, without restriction to specific subgroups. The keywords used in the search are “Sufism” OR “Islamic” AND “Mindfulness”. Journal articles were screened using the PRISMA method. There were 10 articles related mindfulness and Sufism that met the inclusion criteria as data for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on the results of the literature review, it can be found that mindfulness can be used as an intervention by Muslims by adapting traditions in Islamic spirituality or Sufism. The concept of mindfulness based Sufism intervention can be found in this literature review through several Islamic spiritual practices, namely shalat khusyu, prayer, dhikr and muraqabah. It has been proven to provide significant benefits in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue, as well as improving mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mindfulness-Based Sufism Intervention (MBSI) offers a culturally grounded, ethically informed, and theologically integrated approach to enhance mental health among Muslim communities</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the legal vacuum: An ethical analysis of brain death, fetal personhood, and maternal autonomy in the post-roe era: Lessons from Smith v. Georgia","authors":"C. Kooli","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The <em>Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</em> decision has fragmented U.S. abortion law, leading to stringent state-level fetal personhood statutes. This creates acute ethical and medical dilemmas, particularly when a pregnant individual is declared brain dead, a legally recognized state of death. The tension between continuing pregnancy for fetal viability and respecting the deceased's autonomy presents an unresolved conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper conducts an ethical analysis of the <em>Smith v. Georgia</em> case, wherein Adriana Smith, a brain-dead pregnant woman, was reportedly maintained on life support due to concerns over Georgia's fetal personhood law.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We review publicly available case details, legal interpretations, and apply core bioethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice) to dissect the inherent ethical and practical conflicts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ms. Smith's case exposed a critical legal vacuum: despite being brain dead, her body was reportedly sustained due to perceived legal mandates, conflicting with her family's wishes. The Georgia Attorney General's subsequent clarification that removing life support from a brain-dead individual is not an abortion highlighted this overreach. This situation violates the deceased's autonomy, places undue psychological burdens on families, creates moral distress for healthcare providers, and raises significant public health concerns regarding resource allocation and the long-term well-being of children born into such unique circumstances.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The <em>Smith v. Georgia</em> case underscores the urgent need for clear legal and ethical guidance at the nexus of brain death, pregnancy, and fetal personhood. We advocate for legislative amendments to clarify non-applicability of fetal personhood in brain death, reaffirming post-mortem autonomy, and establishing comprehensive social and psychological support systems for families and children involved in such tragic scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEART: A database on health and ethnomedicinal traditions of Indian tribes","authors":"S. Ghosh ,&nbsp;A. Saha Mondal ,&nbsp;S. Saha ,&nbsp;S. Podder","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Indian tribes belong to the scheduled tribe category, comprising 8.6% of the total Indian population. There is an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among them. However, there is a significant lack of comprehensive knowledgebases focusing on NCDs within various tribes and their ethnomedicinal practices. Therefore, this study aims to compile the prevalence of NCDs and the ethnomedicinal practices of diverse tribes across India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The resources on NCDs and ethnomedicinal practices of the database were collected from PubMed literature, book chapters, and related documents available in online and offline modes following the PRISMA guidelines. The database-HEART (Health and Ethnomedicinal Amelioration Repository of Tribals) was implemented and designed using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and JavaScript. The Backend is developed using PHP. Apache HTTP 2.2.15 web server and MySQL 5.1.69 database server are used to retrieve and store data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEART is a comprehensive, manually curated database comprising of 414 distinct tribal communities across 28 states and 8 Union Territories of India. This database contains prevalence of 15 different NCDs in tribal communities, such as Hypertension, Diabetes etc. It also provides information on 572 different types of ethnomedicinal plants effective against 169 different diseases, specifically NCDs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, HEART is an online resource dedicated to Indian tribes, providing comprehensive information on the prevalence of NCDs and the ethnomedicinal plants they use. This platform serves both the scientific community and policymakers by identifying health inequalities and NCD burdens even among vulnerable tribal groups.</div><div>The database is accessible in <span><span>http://bicresources.jcbose.ac.in/ssaha4/HEART/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law and cremation practice","authors":"B. Py","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>At a time when other fundamental debates concern the quality of the end of life, it seems obvious that questions about how to die well remain at the heart of the essential question: the meaning of life. Since the dawn of time, human burials have been distinguished from animal burials by a cave, a dolmen, a tumulus or a cairn. Antiquity practiced embalming and burial very early on to protect the integrity of the corpse against all forms of destruction. Other philosophies favored the destruction of the body by immersion or cremation.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The material studied takes account of the specific nature of legal science, based on a methodical analysis of the rules in all their diversity (laws and regulations in particular) and their application by the courts (case law), supplemented by a doctrinal perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>Since time immemorial, legal rules have responded to a double contradictory concern: to ensure the preservation of public health by making sure that corpses are not sources of infection, and to maintain a maximum level of security for citizens in order to avoid hasty burials, which is a marginal but real risk. But today, the territory must face a lack of space and a serious environmental problem. So the law of 19 December 2008 was passed. This is a law of reaction to the privatization of ashes. It regulates the storage of urns and prohibits the sharing of ashes, in the name of the dignity and decency of human remains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/perspectives</h3><div>Despite the limitations of the reforms introduced, cremation has rapidly become an integral part of the funeral environment in France. This change has been made possible by the establishment of a well-developed infrastructure covering almost the entire country. However, while the number of cremations has been rising since 2010, the number of crematoria has been falling over the same period. The future will tell whether the supply of crematoria is sufficient to meet demand, and whether cremation will become the majority option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hMPV infection in Asia: a call to action in LMICs","authors":"Z.K. Othman,&nbsp;S.S. Musa,&nbsp;M.M. Ahmed,&nbsp;O.A. Saeed Alhammadi,&nbsp;O.J. Okesanya,&nbsp;A.M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Don E. Lucero-Prisno III","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}