Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.最新文献_第2页

A Hybrid Incentive Mechanism for Decentralized Federated Learning 分散联邦学习的混合激励机制

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1145/3538226

Minfeng Qi, Ziyuan Wang, Shiping Chen, Yang Xiang

引用次数: 1

Byzantine Fault Tolerance For Distributed Ledgers Revisited 重新审视分布式账本的拜占庭容错

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1145/3538227

Yongge Wang

{"title":"Byzantine Fault Tolerance For Distributed Ledgers Revisited","authors":"Yongge Wang","doi":"10.1145/3538227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3538227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The problem of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) has received a lot of attention in the last 30 years. Due to the popularity of Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains in recent years, several BFT protocols have been deployed in the large scale of Internet environment. We analyze several popular BFT protocols such as Capser FFG/CBC-FBC for Ethereum 2.0 and GRANDPA for Polkadot. Our analysis shows that the security models for these BFT protocols are slightly different from the models commonly accepted in the academic literature. For example, we show that, if the adversary has a full control of the message delivery order in the underlying network, then none of the BFT protocols for Ethereum blockchain 2.0 and Polkadot blockchain could achieve liveness even in a synchronized network. Though it is not clear whether a practical adversary could\u0000 actually\u0000 control and re-order the underlying message delivery system (at Internet scale) to mount these attacks, it raises an interesting question on security model gaps between academic BFT protocols and deployed BFT protocols in the Internet scale. With these analysis, this article proposes a Casper CBC-FBC style binary BFT protocol and shows its security in the traditional academic security model with complete asynchronous networks. For partial synchronous networks, we propose a multi-value BFT protocol BDLS based on the seminal DLS protocol and show that it is one of the most efficient practical BFT protocols at large scale networks in the traditional academic BFT security model. The implementation of BDLS is available at\u0000 https://github.com/yonggewang/bdls\u0000 . Finally, we propose a multi-value BFT protocol XP for complete asynchronous networks and show its security in the traditional academic BFT security model.\u0000","PeriodicalId":377055,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128357132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Do You Need a Distributed Ledger Technology Interoperability Solution? 你需要分布式账本技术互操作性解决方案吗?

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.36227/techrxiv.18786527.v1

R. Belchior, Luke Riley, T. Hardjono, André Vasconcelos, M. Correia

{"title":"Do You Need a Distributed Ledger Technology Interoperability Solution?","authors":"R. Belchior, Luke Riley, T. Hardjono, André Vasconcelos, M. Correia","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.18786527.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.18786527.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurs, enterprises, and governments are using distributed ledger technology (DLT) as a component of complex information systems, and therefore interoperability capabilities are required. Interoperating DLTs enables network effects, synergies and, similarly to the rise of the Internet, it unlocks the full potential of the technology. However, due to the novelty of the area, interoperability mechanisms (IM) are still not well understood, as interoperability is studied in silos. Consequently, choosing the proper IM for a use case is challenging.Our paper has three contributions: first, we systematically study the research area of DLT interoperability by dissecting and analyzing previous work. We study the logical separation of interoperability layers, how a DLT can connect to others (connection mode), the object of interoperation (interoperation mode), and propose a new categorization for IMs. Second, we propose the first interoperability assessment for DLTs that systematically evaluates the interoperability degree of an IM. This framework allows comparing the potentiality, compatibility, and performance among solutions.Finally, we propose two decision models to assist in choosing an IM, considering different requirements. The first decision model assists in choosing the infrastructure of an IM, while the second decision model assists in choosing its functionality.","PeriodicalId":377055,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124590100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Blockchain for Genomics: A Systematic Literature Review 基因组学的区块链:系统文献综述

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1145/3563044

Mohammed Alghazwi, F. Turkmen, Joeri Van Der Velde, D. Karastoyanova

{"title":"Blockchain for Genomics: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Mohammed Alghazwi, F. Turkmen, Joeri Van Der Velde, D. Karastoyanova","doi":"10.1145/3563044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563044","url":null,"abstract":"Human genomic data carry unique information about an individual and offer unprecedented opportunities for healthcare. The clinical interpretations derived from large genomic datasets can greatly improve healthcare and pave the way for personalized medicine. Sharing genomic datasets, however, poses major challenges, as genomic data is different from traditional medical data, indirectly revealing information about descendants and relatives of the data owner and carrying valid information even after the owner passes away. Therefore, stringent data ownership and control measures are required when dealing with genomic data. In order to provide a secure and accountable infrastructure, blockchain technologies offer a promising alternative to traditional distributed systems. Indeed, the research on blockchain-based infrastructures tailored to genomics is on the rise. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive literature review that summarizes the current state-of-the-art methods in the applications of blockchain in genomics. In this article, we systematically look at the existing work both commercial and academic, and discuss the major opportunities and challenges. Our study is driven by five research questions that we aim to answer in our review. We also present our projections of future research directions which we hope the researchers interested in the area can benefit from.","PeriodicalId":377055,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121852626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Harmonizing Sensitive Data Exchange and Double-spending Prevention Through Blockchain and Digital Wallets: The Case of E-prescription Management 通过区块链和数字钱包协调敏感数据交换和双重支出预防:以电子处方管理为例

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.1145/3571509

Vincent Schlatt, Johannes Sedlmeir, Janina Traue, Fabiane Völter

{"title":"Harmonizing Sensitive Data Exchange and Double-spending Prevention Through Blockchain and Digital Wallets: The Case of E-prescription Management","authors":"Vincent Schlatt, Johannes Sedlmeir, Janina Traue, Fabiane Völter","doi":"10.1145/3571509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571509","url":null,"abstract":"The digital transformation of the medical sector requires solutions that are convenient and efficient for all stakeholders while protecting patients’ sensitive data. One example that has already attracted design-oriented research are medical prescriptions. However, current implementations of electronic prescription management systems typically create centralized data silos, leaving user data vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents and impeding interoperability. Research has also proposed decentralized solutions based on blockchain technology, but privacy-related challenges have often been ignored. We conduct design science research to develop and implement a system for the exchange of electronic prescriptions that builds on two blockchains and a digital wallet app. Our solution combines the bilateral, verifiable, and privacy-focused exchange of information between doctors, patients, and pharmacies through verifiable credentials with a token-based, anonymized double-spending check. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations as well as a security analysis suggest that this architecture can improve existing approaches to electronic prescription management by offering patients control over their data by design, a high level of security, sufficient performance and scalability, and interoperability with emerging digital identity management solutions for users, businesses, and institutions. We also derive principles on how to design decentralized, privacy-oriented information systems that require both the exchange of sensitive information and double-usage protection.","PeriodicalId":377055,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121220570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

NimbleChain: Speeding up Cryptocurrencies in General-purpose Permissionless Blockchains NimbleChain:加速通用无许可区块链中的加密货币

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.1145/3573895

Paulo Silva, M. Matos, João Barreto

{"title":"NimbleChain: Speeding up Cryptocurrencies in General-purpose Permissionless Blockchains","authors":"Paulo Silva, M. Matos, João Barreto","doi":"10.1145/3573895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573895","url":null,"abstract":"Nakamoto’s seminal work gave rise to permissionless blockchains – as well as a wide range of proposals to mitigate their performance shortcomings. Despite substantial throughput and energy efficiency achievements, most proposals only bring modest (or marginal) gains in transaction commit latency. Consequently, commit latencies in today’s permissionless blockchain landscape remain prohibitively high.\u0000 \u0000 This paper proposes NimbleChain, a novel algorithm that extends permissionless blockchains based on Nakamoto consensus with a fast path that delivers\u0000 causal promises of commitment\u0000 , or simply\u0000 promises\u0000 . Since promises only partially order transactions, their latency is only a small fraction of the totally-ordered commitment latency of Nakamoto consensus. Still, the weak consistency guarantees of promises are\u0000 strong enough\u0000 to correctly implement cryptocurrencies. To the best of our knowledge, NimbleChain is the first system to bring together fast, partially-ordered transactions with consensus-based, totally-ordered transactions in a permissionless setting. This hybrid consistency model is able to speed up cryptocurrency transactions while still supporting smart contracts, which typically have (strong) sequential consistency needs.\u0000 \u0000 We implement NimbleChain as an extension of Ethereum and evaluate it in a 500-node geo-distributed deployment. The results show NimbleChain can promise a cryptocurrency transactions up to an order of magnitude faster than a vanilla Ethereum implementation, with marginal overheads.","PeriodicalId":377055,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract.","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123312629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formal Security Analysis on dBFT Protocol of NEO NEO dBFT协议的形式化安全性分析

Distributed Ledger Technol. Res. Pract. Pub Date : 2021-05-16 DOI: 10.1145/3568314

Qin Wang, Rujia Li, Shiping Chen, Yang Xiang

引用次数: 3