{"title":"Critical Approaches to Life-Writing","authors":"A. Crawford","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes some of the tools and methods for critically reading life-writing texts, including memoirs and autobiography, with an emphasis on life-writing by health professionals and/or in the context of healthcare. Life-writing texts allow research into the internal and lived experiences of those who provide healthcare, such as physicians and nurses, and those who receive healthcare. Texts by life-writing subjects from different historical periods, geographic locations, genders, diagnoses, and stages and contexts of training can offer shifting perspectives on a range of topics from the development of health professional identity, what it means to be sick, and about how these experiences relate to the practices and institutions of healthcare. Steps in the research process and methods for analyzing life-writing texts are outlined, along with relevant resources. The field of life-writing offers many possibilities for health humanities researchers and can be enriched by bringing interdisciplinary theories to the analysis of life-writing texts.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127894035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Denotation and Connotation","authors":"Sylvia A. Pamboukian","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Research using denotation and connotation explores how words convey meaning to various audiences and illuminates phenomena such as patient resistance, structural barriers to healthcare, and the evolution of specific medical practices. Words such as cancer, natural, narcotic, botanical, palliative, consent, and many others, are ripe for such analysis because each has many denotations (definitions) and connotations (cultural associations). For example, the word digitalis may connote a pretty foxglove flower, a heart drug, or a poison. What might this mean for patients prescribed digitalis? For those who see foxglove as a safer alternative? Denotation and connotation explore how concepts in healthcare emerge, propagate, evolve, or decline within specific communities, at particular historical moments, or across eras and cultures. This chapter offers a theoretical background in literary analysis regarding denotation and connotation and describes how such analyses offer fruitful avenues for research in health humanities.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124449097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed Methods Program Evaluation","authors":"Deepthiman Gowda, Tayla Curran, D. Balmer","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Program evaluations explore the effectiveness and feasibility of new programs. An evaluation method using a mixed methods approach combines qualitative and quantitative data; this approach enables triangulation of data to provide more comprehensive understanding of a program and increase the trustworthiness of evaluation findings. Mixed methods evaluation can be resource intensive and requires expertise in both qualitative and quantitative methods. Program evaluation questions should be informed by program stakeholders and by the concerns of the field. In this chapter, the authors describe how to conduct a mixed methods program evaluation and explore its benefits and limitations. The authors draw on their experience of using a mixed methods approach to evaluate a year-long narrative medicine program in primary care clinics. Though not appropriate for all health humanities program evaluation, a mixed methods evaluation offers rich, multidimensional understandings of programs.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128594396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Health Humanities","authors":"Kirsten Ostherr","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Digital health humanities is an emerging research method that blends critical analysis with the use of computational tools to explore research questions related to digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) in healthcare. As a method that draws from and extends the fields of digital humanities and health humanities, digital health humanities employs digital tools to conduct health humanities research focusing on ICTs as objects of inquiry within the domain of health. Through analysis of the social and technical features of digital health technologies, this method emphasizes engagement with patients, caregivers, and other research participants that use the technologies under investigation. This chapter explains how to identify research problems suitable for exploration and intervention using digital tools, gather data on the need for and appropriateness of a digital health design intervention for a specific problem or patient population, and assess the necessary social and technical features of digital ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age Studies and Disability Studies","authors":"E. Lamb, R. Garden","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Age and disability studies explore the meaning, nature, and consequences of embodied difference—of age and/or disability—within society. While distinct fields, these areas of study have some methodologies in common and share the same impetus: to counter prejudice—ageism and/or ableism—and to explain the origins and mechanisms of such prejudice in the interests of reducing or eliminating it. Both fields examine how aging and disability are represented within popular culture and the consequences of these representations in terms of constraining lived experiences through the promotion of stereotypes and stigma and the presentation of limited narrative identities. Through a reading of two graphic novels, this chapter will introduce some of the key methodological approaches these fields have in common and will demonstrate the value—for health humanities in particular—of thinking through the lenses of both fields simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133183168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence Synthesis Methods","authors":"S. Springs, Jay M. Baruch","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the many studies that are published every day by research teams across the globe, decisions in healthcare policy, practice, and programming are often made in the absence of quality, relevant evidence. This evidence gap between research and practice highlights the need to improve translation of what is known into what is done. Evidence synthesis employs rigorous and replicable techniques to bridge this gap, to better understand the quality and quantity of relevant evidence that informs decision making. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of evidence synthesis in health humanities and describe the necessary process steps to conduct evidence synthesis projects in a rigorous and reproducible manner. This chapter intends to provide readers with the requisite knowledge to become informed consumers of evidence synthesis products and familiar with the basic steps necessary to complete an evidence review.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127237442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health and Social Justice Studies","authors":"S. Berry","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190918514.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Health and social justice studies (HSJS) builds on close reading and archival research methods to examine the ways in which diverse people experience health and healthcare at the often highly charged intersection of culture, law, economics, and biomedical systems. This scholarly method focuses on socioeconomic disparities among groups in a society and examines how ordinary people experience health and care in everyday social environments. Health and social justice studies research with a history focus reconstructs particular health and healthcare disparities at particular times and examines reform movements aimed at reducing these disparities, with the objective of suggesting ways to reduce disparities in the future. By privileging marginalized people, this research method advances the goals of person-centered care and population health equity in health humanities.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115467989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading Film","authors":"Lorenzo Servitje","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Films reflect and influence values, practices, and the cultural contexts in which they are produced and consumed. In terms of health humanities, reading film allows us to investigate how we “see” certain types of bodies, illnesses, and medical practices, revealing tensions, contradictions, and assumptions about health that have become cultural myths—naturalized narratives or beliefs that illustrate a common cultural ideal. Reading film as a research method for health humanities requires attention to narrative and filmic elements at both the level of individual scenes and the film as a whole. Reading film provides a unique way to understand the broader social impacts of medicine and develops a visual literacy to interrogate how health and medicine shape and are shaped by a given cultural moment.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131969052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnography","authors":"E. Anderson-Fye, Vanessa M. Hildebrand","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnography is a powerful qualitative research method used to understand research informants’ perspectives on a health-related topic. Developed and pioneered by anthropologists, this method has become an important tool across disciplines and industries. This chapter explains the utility of the method for use in the health humanities and offers step-by-step instructions to teach the reader to conduct ethnographic research. Concrete examples from long-term research projects demonstrate not only how this method is used to answer “why” and “how” questions, but also how this type of research pairs with other research methods. Many tools are offered to the reader to assist in the development of ethnographic research skills including resources, references, and an exercise to teach the method.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"7 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122338511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autoethnography","authors":"R. Richards","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"In autoethnography, one researches the hidden experiences of only one person—the researcher—in order to provide a unique perspective on a group that can be understood by insiders and outsiders alike. Autoethnography is well-suited for exploring concerns about the individual’s identity or life experience. This method can be challenging, however, because it demands hard emotional work and unsettles one’s assumptions about life issues. This chapter describes different audiences and foci of autoethnography within health humanities and then explains the steps for doing autoethnography: choosing autoethnography as a process of inquiry, journaling with memory techniques, using keepsakes and other memory aids, revisiting your memories alongside nonpersonal data, assessing your own identity and positioning, literature search and review, and analyzing your ideas through writing and rewriting. This process is demonstrated through the author’s experiences of life-long chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplantation.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116095450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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