{"title":"Community Dialogues","authors":"P. Determeyer, Jerome W Crowder","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Community dialogues provide a method of determining viewpoints and values for representative populations and also offer a means for educating and empowering participants on the topic being discussed. Dialogue participants take the information that is gleaned from the research and use it to make changes that will affect their families and broader community members. In the conduct of dialogues, research becomes a two-way street: researchers and participants both gather information, with the former collecting data about values and beliefs about a topic and the latter acquiring knowledge regarding a topic to deliver to their communities and serve as a catalyst for further conversation and change. The technique is particularly well-suited for complex topics where some education is needed about the different perspectives being researched. The researchers go beyond the normal data-gathering and analyzing functions to assist participants in identifying potential avenues for implementing policy changes.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124345586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comics","authors":"M. Al-Jawad, M. Czerwiec","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Comics can be used to research healthcare practice and experiences with illness and caregiving. Comics can also be sources of data themselves: professional healthcare providers engaged in research use comics to understand their practice in order to improve it and to promote humanism in healthcare. Patients and caregivers create comics to share their personal accounts of illness and caregiving. Comics can also be a means for collecting data: asking research participants to draw comics of themselves and their experiences can offer data otherwise difficult to elicit. Comics are constructed narratives that can be analyzed for visual, textual, and narrative elements; gutters; style; influences; external references; and use of humor, as well as for what is present in a panel and what is absent. Using comics as a research tool allows access to autobiographical and emotional aspects of healthcare, enabling health humanities researchers to reconceptualize both practice and illness.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing Metaphors","authors":"Anita Wohlmann","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Metaphors are handy tools. They help describe and explain a complex and abstract “thing” by referring to something else. Metaphors, however, are not neutral or innocent instruments to convey information: they can be stigmatizing, entail harmful mystification, and evoke ethical problems. Thus, metaphors operate between two poles: on the one hand, they are the result of an endeavor to narrow down and render more precise, and, on the other hand, they unfold ambiguous meanings and harbor a potential for multiple forms of engagement. The chapter presents two approaches to metaphors: one based in cognitive metaphor theory and the other informed by narrative theory. The chapter specifies concrete methods that help identify, understand, and contextualize metaphors. It will also present examples of how metaphors can be used as powerful resources by caregivers, patients, and researchers to better understand the complexities involved in dealing with health and illness.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117022434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fiction Writing","authors":"L. Saffran","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Fiction writing is a method that uses imagination and narrative to collect information about potential sources of bias—assumptions, stereotypes, misconceptions—that one group might have toward another or toward a specific kind of behavior. This fiction writing method involves leading participants through a series of prompts designed to encourage deep engagement with a narrative and with perspective taking. The steps involved are (1) identifying an area/topic/relationship, (2) anchoring the situation/topic to a character, (3) rounding out the character, (4) constructing a scene featuring the character, (5) analyzing the results, and (6) disseminating the findings. Researchers can combine fiction writing with assessments of empathy for an imagined character or attitudes about attribution for health behaviors. Research themes include how individual characteristics are emphasized in explaining health behaviors. Understanding the relationships among narrative, empathy, and attribution has implications for how services are designed and delivered, as well as for health policies.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130295650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interviews","authors":"C. Klugman","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Interviewing is a means of engaging an individual in dialogue to reflect upon and share his or her life experience. For health humanities, this method accesses the lived reality of patients and healthcare providers. Asking people to share their personal narratives can allow for emic—from the subject’s perspective—and etic—from the researcher’s point of view—interpretation. Health humanities interviews consist of six steps: define the research question, design the interview, apply for Institutional Review Board approval, conduct the interviews, analyze the data, and distribute the findings. This chapter examines best practices for conducting interview studies including format (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), question type (closed- or open-ended), sampling (convenience, snowball), and notetaking. The author uses a study on collecting death histories to demonstrate this process and how to apply narrative, thematic, and frequency analyses.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122287113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Art History","authors":"S. Conaty","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Art history and the health sciences are disciplines that are uniquely positioned to enrich each other. Traditionally, careful observation of anatomy led to more realistic art, while anatomic drawings allowed medical practitioners to learn about the human body. Art history and health practices share a relationship bound by the need to both observe and understand the particularities of a given text, body, or object in light of environment and context. This chapter introduces a system of inquiry for scholars in health humanities using the art history methods of close looking, art in context, formal analysis, and critical thinking. Such methods are critical in any situation where one is expected to interpret, understand, and construct meaning from a text, object, body, or image. These skills are valuable and practical tools necessary for all fields of study in order to negotiate and interpret the images that dominate our modern world.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131418795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archives","authors":"Claire D. Clark","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Archives are a source of inspiration for health humanities scholars who focus on finding lessons from historical figures or excavating the voices of patients who have historically been silenced. Sound archival research in health humanities may achieve the dual objectives of illuminating individual patient experiences and the power dynamics that shape the healthcare system as a whole. Conducting archival research involves preparing for and visiting the archive, and organizing and synthesizing your material. This chapter draws on research for the book The Recovery Revolution, a social and cultural history of addiction treatment, to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of archival research methods. Archival research can be challenging because of a lack of patient-centered source material and the influence of biases and hindsight on researchers' interpretations of evidence. An awareness of the contingencies inherent in historical research can improve the rigor of researchers' syntheses of archival material.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123067774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Studies","authors":"Amy Rubens","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190918514.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"American Studies is an interdisciplinary field that has ties to literary studies and other disciplines, notably history, anthropology, sociology, and religious studies. Health humanists use American Studies methods to explore how representations of illness, health, and healthcare construct and are constructed by notions of nation, national character, and citizenship, not only as they relate to the US nation-state, but also to other conceptions of America. For this reason, health humanist projects guided by American Studies can identify the processes through which embodied selves exert or are subject to power. While American Studies methods encourage intervention in matters of social injustice, they also may reduce the individual, subjective experience of embodiment to a means to an interpretive end.","PeriodicalId":377009,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods in Health Humanities","volume":"28 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131235731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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