Human Technology最新文献

{"title":"Dark Design Patterns: An End-User Perspective","authors":"M. Maier, R. Harr","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202008245641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202008245641","url":null,"abstract":"The number of websites and mobile applications available is growing continually, as are the persuasive approaches to influence human behavior and decision making. Although designing for persuasion offers several potential benefits, recent developments expose various deceptive designs, that is, dark patterns, that utilize psychological factors to nudge people toward, from someone else’s perspective, desired directions. This paper contributes to an increased awareness of the phenomenon of dark patterns through our exploring how users perceive and experience these patterns. Hence, we chose a qualitative research approach, with focus groups and interviews, for our exploration. Our analysis shows that participants were moderately aware of these deceptive techniques, several of which were perceived as sneaky and dishonest. Respondents further expressed a resigned attitude toward such techniques and primarily blamed businesses for their occurrence. Users considered their dependency on services employing these practices, thus making it difficult to avoid fully dark patterns.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74181841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestication of a Robotic Medication-Dispensing Service Among Older People in Finnish Lapland","authors":"Ella Airola, Päivi Rasi","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202008245639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202008245639","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study on a robotic medication-dispensing service used in the everyday lives of older people in Finnish Lapland through the concept of domestication. The study took an ethnographic approach. A total of 11 service users, practical nurses, and other health-care professionals participated; the service users averaged age 81 years (M = 81.4, SD = 5.4). The data comprised semistructured interviews complemented by observations and photographs at service users’ homes. We concluded that the domestication of the service was successful, although the service users sometimes felt that it limited their lives. The service users stated that learning and subsequently using the service was easy with social network support. The participants indicated their reasons for hesitation in using the service related primarily to concerns in trying new technology, the technical features of the robot, and cognitive or physical difficulties. The service supports “aging in place,” which is in line with the Finnish care policy.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"117-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83839139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Humans Dream of Prophetic Robots?","authors":"J. Jouhki","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202008245638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202008245638","url":null,"abstract":"“Robosexuality is an abomination!” exclaimed Reverend Lionel Preacherbot in Futurama (Groening, Cohen, & Keeler, 1999), the famous science fiction sitcom. Although already today some robots are assisting in religious ceremonies (Samuel, 2020), with one even working as a priest (Himmer, 2019), robotics has not advanced far enough for human-like preacherbots like Reverend Lionel. However, contemporary social robots may have prophetic qualities, at least in the minds of some people. All robots—or machines, for that matter—are social in that they require interaction with a human operator. However, some robots are designed to be more social than others are. For example, some socially evocative robots (e.g., a robot dog for children or a therapeutic seal for the elderly) draw on the tendency of their users to imagine them as living beings and, often, rely on their desire to nurture them. Yet, proper social robots are more complex, that is, an interactive artificially intelligent machine with a face, voice, and a body that resembles a living creature, sometimes a human (e.g., Deng, Mutlu, & Matalić, 2019). Social robots are designed to work (or play) in close interaction with humans in a human-like way. Their purpose might be that of a companion, a source of information, and/or an assistant, to name a few (e.g., Kim, Sur, & Gong, 2009; Korn, 2019). At the moment, the most useful robots are neither social nor humanoid; rather, they have been designed quite practically to attend to one or more monotonous tasks. They are the automated machines used for repetitive tasks like welding, lawn mowing, packaging, and other monotonous activities requiring little machine-to-human interaction or human characteristics. On the other hand, however, many interesting and technologically advanced social robots are being developed. For example, the human-looking Furhat looks like a disembodied head and torso, and it is intended to work as a domestic helper and a chatbot.1 The semihumanoid robot Pepper was designed to read emotions and to work as, among other things, a receptionist.2 Finally, the cute little nonhumanoid Zenbo was designed to work as a home healthcare assistant.3","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79402186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Digital Tools to Support Face-to-Face Care: Examining Uptake Within the Practices of Australian Psychologists","authors":"Jeremy Kerr, Ashley Van Houten","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202002242162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202002242162","url":null,"abstract":"Societal adoption of mobile phones and other digital devices, and the resulting widespread digital literacy, allows for new possibilities in approaching and supporting face- to-face therapy. In this study, we examined the application of digital communication tools and media within therapeutic care by 33 psychologists across Australia. Uses of digital technologies were analyzed with a focus on both the approaches applied within face-to-face therapy sessions and those occurring as an adjunct to these sessions. In contrast to online counseling, established upon a foundation of digital technologies, the study results indicate that the use of technology in face-to-face therapy is still emerging but growing in scope and implementation. Areas of key and unique uptake by practitioners are identified, along with possibilities for future application. In outlining contemporary practices, a typology for the utilization of digital tools is presented, offering a practical framework for therapists to extend face-to-face care via information and communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76772467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor in Chief: The Axes for the Modern Age","authors":"J. Jouhki","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202002242160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202002242160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82841875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GraphoLearn SI: Digital Learning Support for Reading Difficulties in a Transparent Orthography","authors":"Elisabeth Borleffs, F. Zwarts, Ade R. Siregar, B. Maassen","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202002242164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202002242164","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of the importance of evidence-based technological tools that provide personalized learning opportunities is growing. This paper reports on a pilot study evaluating GraphoLearn for Standard Indonesian, a digital game environment that trains basic reading skills by extensive-but-playful exposure to grapheme–phoneme correspondences. The results obtained from 33 Indonesian first graders show that game progress was found to be a significant predictor of reading and decoding abilities both at the posttest and the 5-month follow-up assessment. Our results additionally indicated a significant interaction effect of game progress and letter–sound knowledge at posttest: Progress in the game was strongly related to reading and decoding fluency, but only for students with average to above-average pretest letter knowledge. To enable students with low letter knowledge at the outset to benefit fully from the game as well, we suggest extending the playing period to approximately 6 months to establish firmly letter knowledge and phonological awareness skills.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":"92-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73380655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of University Students’ Perceptions of Their Educators as Role Models and Designers of Digitalized Curricula","authors":"A. I. Starčič, Maja Lebenicnik","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202002242163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202002242163","url":null,"abstract":"Higher education graduates need 21st-century skills, both learning skills and competences for working with technology. However, research indicates an insufficient integration of ICTs into teaching and learning. In this paper, we examine students’ perception of various technology-based issues: (a) ICT integration within a Slovenian university’s learning environment, (b) teachers as role models for ICT use, and (c) the processes of collaboration and creativity as integrative parts featured in learning technologies. We studied beliefs about the contribution of ICT use to teaching and learning as the primary factors influencing ICT integration. A one-way ANOVA revealed that students in teacher education and education studies, as compared to students in other disciplines, perceive their teachers as effective designers of and as role models for ICT integration, although they do not perceive their teachers as leaders in new technology use. Effective leadership in technology innovation and the diversity of instructional design in guided and student-driven learning environments require continual curriculum development.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"220 1","pages":"55-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87512456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Expectation for an Affordance Gap on a Smartphone User Interface and its Usage Among Older Adults","authors":"Chui Yin Wong, R. Ibrahim, T. Hamid, E. Mansor","doi":"10.17011/ht/urn.202002242161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202002242161","url":null,"abstract":": The smartphone has become a ubiquitous mobile communication tool that plays a crucial role in the daily lives for Malaysian older adults. However, it is not easy for older adults to learn new interaction modes and adopt the smartphone user interface. In this paper, we aim to examine the affordances of a smartphone user interface and its usage by older adults through the lens of Norman’s execution/evaluation action cycle (EEAC) framework. A mobile-user interaction study was administered with four tasks. A paired sample t -test was conducted to analyze the affordance gap between different levels of expectation. The results revealed that three tasks (making phone calls, adding contacts, and using WhatsApp) were statistically different; the exception was installing mobile apps. The results underscore the importance of mobile apps designers incorporating older adults’ needs and expectations as a means to reduce the affordance gap.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring relationships between effort, motion, and sound in new musical instruments","authors":"Çağrı Erdem, Qichao Lan, A. Jensenius","doi":"10.17011/HT/URN.202011256767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/HT/URN.202011256767","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated how the action–sound relationships found in electric guitar performance can be used in the design of new instruments. Thirty-one trained guitarists performed a set of basic sound-producing actions (impulsive, sustained, and iterative) and free improvisations on an electric guitar. We performed a statistical analysis of the muscle activation data (EMG) and audio recordings from the experiment. Then we trained a long short-term memory network with nine different configurations to map EMG signal to sound. We found that the preliminary models were able to predict audio energy features of free improvisations on the guitar, based on the dataset of raw EMG from the basic soundproducing actions. The results provide evidence of similarities between body motion and sound in music performance, compatible with embodied music cognition theories. They also show the potential of using machine learning on recorded performance data in the design of new musical instruments.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"310-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83050998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"See how it feels to move: Relationships between movement characteristics and perception of emotions in dance","authors":"Birgitta Burger, P. Toiviainen","doi":"10.17011/HT/URN.202011256764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/HT/URN.202011256764","url":null,"abstract":"Music makes humans move in ways found to relate to, for instance, musical characteristics, personality, or emotional content of the music. In this study, we investigated associations between embodiments of musical emotions and the perception thereof. After collecting motion capture data of dancers moving to emotionally distinct musical stimuli, silent stick-figure animations were rated by a set of observers regarding perceived discrete emotions, while 10 movement features were computationally extracted from the motion capture data. Results indicate kinematic profiles—emotion-specific sets of movement characteristics—that furthermore conform with dimensional models of valence and arousal, suggesting that observers rated the emotions consistently according to distinct movement features prevalent in the animations. Outcomes show commonalities and differences to a previous study that linked these movement features to auditory perception of musical emotion, providing insights into how emotional expression of music-induced movement could be conveyed and understood through auditory and visual channels, respectively.","PeriodicalId":37614,"journal":{"name":"Human Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81292904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}