BioImpacts : BI最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of blood-brain barrier in drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors.","authors":"Yadollah Omidi,&nbsp;Jaleh Barar","doi":"10.5681/bi.2012.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2012.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Entry of blood circulating agents into the brain is highly selectively con-trolled by specific transport machineries at the blood brain barrier (BBB), whose excellent barrier restrictiveness make brain drug delivery and targeting very challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Essential information on BBB cellular microenvironment were reviewed and discussed towards impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form unique biological structure and architecture in association with astrocytes and pericytes, in which microenvironment the BCECs express restrictive tight junctional complexes that block the paracellular inward/outward traverse of biomolecules/compounds. These cells selectively/specifically control the transportation process through carrier and/or receptor mediated transport machineries that can also be exploited for the delivery of pharmaceuticals into the brain. Intelligent molecular therapies should be designed using such transport machineries for the efficient delivery of designated drugs into the brain. For better clinical outcomes, these smart pharmaceuticals should be engineered as seamless nanosystems to provide simultaneous imaging and therapy (multimodal theranostics).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The exceptional functional presence of BBB selectively controls inward and outward transportation mechanisms, thus advanced smart multifunctional nanomedicines are needed for the effective brain drug delivery and targeting. Fully understanding the biofunctions of BBB appears to be a central step for engineering of intelligent seamless therapeutics consisting of homing device for targeting, imaging moiety for detecting, and stimuli responsive device for on-demand liberation of therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"5-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2012.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, total phenol and flavonoid contents of two pedicularis L. Species from eastern azerbaijan, iran.","authors":"Laleh Khodaie,&nbsp;Sedigheh Bamdad,&nbsp;Abbas Delazar,&nbsp;Hossein Nazemiyeh","doi":"10.5681/bi.2012.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2012.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pedicularis sibthorpii and P. wilhelmsiana are endemic species mainly found in North-West of Iran. Plants of genus Pedicularis produce some important poly-phenols and flavonoids. In the present work, total phenol and flavonoid contents of the mentioned species as well as their antioxidant capacity have been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Methanol extract of samples was fractionated by SPE method using an ODS cartridge and their (1)H-NMR spectra were recorded. Total phenols and flavonoids of methanol extracts were determined using Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. For determining antioxidant activity of the extracts and fractions, bleaching of purple color methanol solu-tion of 1, 1-diphenylpycryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was measured by spectrophotometric assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total phenols of Pedicularis sibthorpii and P. wilhelmsiana were in the range of 8-30 mg g(-1) and 9-20 mg g(-1), respectively. The 40% and 60% fractions of P. sibthorpii and the 20%, 40% and 60% fractions of P. wilhelmsiana showed higher amounts of phenolic compounds. The total flavonoid contents of P. sibthorpii and P. wilhelmsiana were in the range of 0-215 mg g(-1) and 0-177 mg g(-1), respectively, whereas the 40% and 60% fractions showed higher flavonoid amounts. Antioxidant activity of P. sibthorpii and P. wil-helmsiana were in the range of 0.01-0.7 mg mL(-1) and 0.01-1.02 mg mL(-1). In the same manner, the 20% and 40% fractions of P. sibthorpii and the 40% and 60% fractions of P. wilhelmsiana had lower RC50 than that of other fractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fractions with lower RC50 had higher contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The results of NMR spectra were parallel with these findings and show that it is worth to do phytochemi-cal studies on P. sibthorpii and P. wilhelmsiana.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2012.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update to space biomedical research: tissue engineering in microgravity bioreactors.","authors":"Abolfazl Barzegari,&nbsp;Amir Ata Saei","doi":"10.5681/bi.2012.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2012.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The severe need for constructing replacement tissues in organ transplanta-tion has necessitated the development of tissue engineering approaches and bioreactors that can bring these approaches to reality. The inherent limitations of conventional bioreactors in generating realistic tissue constructs led to the devise of the microgravity tissue engineering that uses Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) bioreactors initially developed by NASA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this review article, we intend to highlight some major advances and accomplishments in the rapidly-growing field of tissue engineering that could not be achieved without using microgravity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research is now focused on assembly of 3 dimensional (3D) tissue fragments from various cell types in human body such as chon-drocytes, osteoblasts, embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, hepatocytes and pancreas islet cells. Hepatocytes cultured under microgravity are now being used in extracorporeal bioartificial liver devices. Tissue constructs can be used not only in organ replacement therapy, but also in pharmaco-toxicology and food safety assessment. 3D models of vari-ous cancers may be used in studying cancer development and biology or in high-throughput screening of anticancer drug candidates. Finally, 3D heterogeneous assemblies from cancer/immune cells provide models for immunotherapy of cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tissue engineering in (simulated) microgravity has been one of the stunning impacts of space research on biomedical sciences and their applications on earth.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2012.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Antioxidants and Carbohydrates in Callus Cultures of Taxus brevifolia: Evaluation of Browning, Callus Growth, Total Phenolics and Paclitaxel Production.","authors":"Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi,&nbsp;Hossein Naderi-Manesh,&nbsp;Henrik Toft Simonsen","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To control the tissue browning phenomenon, callus growth, total phenolics and paclitaxel production, in the current investigation, we evaluated the effects of citric acid and ascorbic acid (as antioxidants) and glucose, fructose and sucrose in callus cultures of Taxus brevifolia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To obtain healthy callus/cell lines of Taxus brevifolia, the effects of two antioxidants ascorbic acid (100-1000 mg/L) and citric acid (50-500 mg/L), and three carbohydrates (glucose, fructose and sucrose (5-10 g/L)) were studied evaluating activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) enzymes, callus growth/browning, total phenolics and paclitaxel production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These antioxidants (ascorbic acid and citric acid) failed to show significant effects on callus growth, browning intensity or paclitaxel production. However, the carbohydrates imposed significant effects on the parameters studied. High concentrations of both glucose and sucrose increased the browning intensity, thus decreased callus growth. Glucose increased paclitaxel production, but sucrose decreased it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results revealed that the browning phenomenon can be controlled through supplementation of the growth media with glucose, sucrose (5 g/L) and fructose (10 g/L), while increased paclitaxel production can be obtain by the optimized media supplemented with glucose (10 g/L), sucrose and fructose (5 g/L).</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2011.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31435669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why BioImpacts?","authors":"Mohammad Reza Rashidi","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration of in vitro and in vivo investigations has brought the body of new emerging life sciences about. This inspirational domain needs a scientific platform to cover the relevant publications. BioImpacts (BI), as a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary international open access journal, intends to deal with all aspects of biological and biomedical researches at dimensions of molecular, cellular, functional and translational dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648949/pdf/bi-1-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of New Functionalized Citric Acid-based Dendrimers as Nanocarrier Agents for Drug Delivery.","authors":"Hassan Namazi,&nbsp;Sanaz Motamedi,&nbsp;Mina Namvari","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Citric acid-polyethylene glycol-citric acid (CPEGC) triblock dendrimers can serve as potential delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this investigation, CPEGC triblock dendrimers were synthesized and then imidazole groups were conjugated onto the surface of the G1, G2 and G3 of the obtained dendrimers. In order to study the type of the interactions between the functionalized dendrimers and a drug molecule, Naproxen which contains acidic groups, was examined as a hydrophobic drug in which the interactions would be of the electrostatic kind between its acidic groups and the lone pair electrons of nitrogen atom in imidazole groups. The quantity of the trapped drug and also the amount of its release were measured with UV spectrometric method in pH 1, 7.4 and 10. The average diameter of the nanocarriers was measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The size range of particles was determined to be 16-50 nm for different generations. The rate of the release increased in pH=10 in all generations due to the increases in Naproxen solubility and the hydrolysis of the esteric bonds in the mentioned pH. The results showed that the amount of the trapped drug increased with the increase in the generation of the dendrimer and pH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our findings, we suggest CPEGC triblock dendrimers possess great potential to be used as drug/gene delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"63-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648942/pdf/bi-1-63.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31435672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Molecular, Cellular and Translational Researches in BioImpacts.","authors":"Yadollah Omidi","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration of molecular cellular biology with advanced technologies (e.g., bioinformatics, omics,biophotonics and nanobiosensing) has significantly improved the translational medicine field. The integrative research in various biomedical sciences has also fastened the progression of drug discovery and development.Aiming to meet the highest standards of publication, the newly established multidisciplinary open access journal \"BioImpacts\"grants a free platform for all authors and readers to facilitate the integration of different scientific domains in biomedical sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648944/pdf/bi-1-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Streptomyces Isolates with UV, FTIR Spectroscopy and HPLC Analyses.","authors":"Hadi Maleki,&nbsp;Omid Mashinchian","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Streptomyces, gram-positive and aerobic bacteria, are distinguished genus of Actinomycetes. This economically important genus is well studied owing to its capacity in producing more than 70% of antibiotics. In fact, need for novel, safe and more efficient antibiotics is a key challenge to the pharmaceutical industry today, moreover, increase in opportunistic infections in the immune compromised host has influenced this demand. Nowadays, evaluating morphological and biochemical differences as well as studying streptomyces genetic diversity via molecular indicators seem to be the most common method for screening this genus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research we evaluate the potential of antibiotic production and characterize the UV and FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) analysis pattern of streptomyces from various locations in northwest of Iran. Regarding this, 30 soil samples were collected randomly from different zones of northwest region of Iran. Then, following the extraction of secondary metabolite, the UV and FTIR spectroscopy analysis was carried out for characterization of the various extracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering the coordinate analysis of UV and FTIR spectroscopy pattern, the isolate G614C1 with substantial antimicrobial activity exhibited absorption at 3411 cm-1 which is indicator of hydroxyl groups, absorption at 2856 and 2915 cm-1 indicating hydrocarbon chassis, and absorption at 1649 cm-1 indicating a double bond of polygenic compound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the importance of streptomyces isolates in antibiotic production. HPLC confirmed the production when compared with standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2011.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31435670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic impacts of linear and branched polyethylenimine nanostructures in a431 cells.","authors":"Vala Kafil,&nbsp;Yadollah Omidi","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polyethylenimine (PEI), as a nonviral cationic polymer, has been widely used as gene delivery nanosystem. Although a number of investigations have highlighted its toxic impacts on target cells through induction of apoptosis/necrosis, still it is essential to look at its structural impacts on target cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this current study, cytogenomic impacts of 25 kD linear and branched PEI (LPEI and BPEI, respectively) in A431 cells are reported to address possible mechanism for induction of apoptosis. At 40-50% confluency, A431 cells were exposed to PEI at a recommended concentration for 4 hr. After 24 hr, to detect apoptosis and DNA damage, the treated cells were subjected to MTT assay, FITC-labeled annexin V flow cytometry and comet assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flow cytometry assessments revealed that the BPEI can result in greater internalization than the linear PEI, which also induced greater cytotoxicity. Annexin V assay confirmed early and late apoptosis by BPEI, imposing somewhat DNA damage detected by comet assay. Western blot analysis resulted in induction of Akt-kinase which is possibly one of biomolecules affected by PEI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight that, despite induction of Akt-kinase, the BPEI can elicit apoptosis in target cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2011.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31433649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of 6-Mercaptopurine and its Oxidative Metabolites in Synthetic Solutions and Human Plasma using Spectrophotometric Multivariate Calibration Methods.","authors":"Mohammad-Hossein Sorouraddin,&nbsp;Mohammad-Yaser Khani,&nbsp;Kaveh Amini,&nbsp;Abdolhossein Naseri,&nbsp;Davoud Asgari,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Rashidi","doi":"10.5681/bi.2011.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2011.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) is an important chemotherapeutic drug in the conventional treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is catabolized to 6-thiouric acid (6TUA) through 8-hydroxo-6-mercaptopurine (8OH6MP) or 6-thioxanthine (6TX) intermediates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is usually used to determine the contents of therapeutic drugs, metabolites and other important biomedical analytes in biological samples. In the present study, the multivariate calibration methods, partial least squares (PLS-1) and principle component regression (PCR) have been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 6MP and its oxidative metabolites (6TUA, 8OH6MP and 6TX) without analyte separation in spiked human plasma. Mixtures of 6MP, 8-8OH6MP, 6TX and 6TUA have been resolved by PLS-1 and PCR to their UV spectra.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recoveries (%) obtained for 6MP, 8-8OH6MP, 6TX and 6TUA were 94.5-97.5, 96.6-103.3, 95.1-96.9 and 93.4-95.8, respectively, using PLS-1 and 96.7-101.3, 96.2-98.8, 95.8-103.3 and 94.3-106.1, respectively, using PCR. The NAS (Net analyte signal) concept was used to calculate multivariate analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection (LOD), selectivity and sensitivity. The limit of detections for 6MP, 8-8OH6MP, 6TX and 6TUA were calculated to be 0.734, 0.439, 0.797 and 0.482 μmol L-1, respectively, using PLS and 0.724, 0.418, 0783 and 0.535 μmol L-1, respectively, using PCR. HPLC was also applied as a validation method for simultaneous determination of these thiopurines in the synthetic solutions and human plasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination of spectroscopic techniques and chemometric methods (PLS and PCR) has provided a simple but powerful method for simultaneous analysis of multicomponent mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":375065,"journal":{"name":"BioImpacts : BI","volume":" ","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5681/bi.2011.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31435671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}