{"title":"A Modified Simulation Model Using FEM for Monitoring Transformer Insulation Health Under Non Uniform Aging","authors":"Nisha Thanua, G. Kumbhar","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985310","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of non uniform aging on the insulation performance of transformer oil-paper insulation has not been investigated much. In this paper, a modified simulation model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the impact of non uniform aging on the electrical properties of insulation such as electric field, current density, and space charge density is investigated by comparing the distribution of these parameters under both uniform and non uniform aging. In comparison to uniform aging, the distribution of electric field at low frequencies under non uniform aging is mainly concentrated at the outermost solid insulation with its value decreasing from the outermost to innermost insulating paper region. Also, the flow of charge carriers and their accumulation takes place at the oil-barrier gap with severe aging. Total losses with uniform and non uniform aging are also compared indicating slightly higher losses with non uniform aging.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120961992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Power Cable Thermal Aging Insulation Resistance Degradation Model","authors":"Xufei Ge, M. Given, Brian G. Stewart","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985388","url":null,"abstract":"An Insulation Resistance (IR) degradation model for a power cable under thermal aging conditions is developed. The power cable insulation is constructed from the combination of a number of small segments. Segment types are classified into two types - degraded and non-degraded according to a previously published Dichotomy model. The ratio (${mathrm {V}}_{mathrm{d}}$ of the volume of degraded segments to the total cable insulation volume is evaluated as a function of aging time and aging temperature where ${mathrm {V}}_{mathrm{d}}$ degradation is determined using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of an exponential distribution and the Arrhenius Model. The total resistances of the power cable insulation is evaluated by summing the resistances of all segments. The relationship between the size of segments and the calculated volume IR as a function of time is investigated to establish the sensitivity of the model as a function of segment size.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125105675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxin Gao, Jingrui Zhang, M. Wei, Dai Wan, Yang Wang, Yan Du
{"title":"The Improvement in Electrical Properties of RTV Silicone Rubber by the Introduction of TiO₂ Nanocomposite","authors":"Wenxin Gao, Jingrui Zhang, M. Wei, Dai Wan, Yang Wang, Yan Du","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985307","url":null,"abstract":"The room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber coating (RTV) is one of the most extensively used materials to improve the performance of composite insulator due to its preferable dielectric properties. However, the complex operating environment may lead to the degradation of RTV coating. In this paper, the effect of doping ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles on the electrical properties of RTV coatings was investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles were modified by $gamma$-Methacryloxypropyltrim-ethoxylsilane (KH570) and then added to the RTV composites with different doping ratios. The morphology, chemical structure and dispersity of the modified TiO2 were measured with SEM and Fourier FTIR methods. In addition, the characteristic of surface potential attenuation and flashover voltage of the TiO2/RTV composite materials were studied systematically. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in RTV coating and the -CH2-, Si-O-C and other functional groups were grafted on the TiO2 successfully. Besides, the number of surface deep traps increased due to the TiO2, nanoparticles which increased the flashover voltage of composite polymers. Based on the experiment, it was verifed that the addition of 3wt% TiO2/RTV composite could be an attractive approach to improve the electrical properties.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mijodrag Miljanovic, Martin Kearns, Brian G. Stewart
{"title":"Temperature Distribution Simulation in an MV Switchgear Bus Bar Chamber","authors":"Mijodrag Miljanovic, Martin Kearns, Brian G. Stewart","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985350","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature is one of the main contributors for the decrease of switchgear insulation withstand capability and life expectancy. Unattended temperature rise can lead to overheating of switchgear insulation causing insulation breakdown and hence switchgear outage. This work presents a simulation investigation of how temperature hot spots may be detected by studying the surface temperature distribution along a switchgear bus bar chamber wall. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) MV switchgear bus bar chamber is created. The heat dissipation caused by bus bar load currents and thermal localized hot spots caused by increased contact resistances is investigated. It is shown that it may be possible to detect inner hot spots on the surface of switchgear chamber walls. It is also shown that the coating and the emissivity factor of the walls have a significant influence on the detected surface temperature.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133979049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Volatile Compounds on Breakdown Field Strength Measurements of Polymers","authors":"Megan Loveland DeWaal, J. R. Dennison","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985347","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of absorbed water and volatile compounds on measurements of the electrostatic breakdown field strength. Comparisons are made between sets of pristine samples, ones that underwent a thorough vacuum bake out, and ones subsequently exposed to humid conditions to determine how quickly the samples reverted to an unbaked state. Specifically, we compared signatures related to electrostatic breakdown (electrostatic breakdown field strength, frequency of pre-breakdown arcing, and flashover) and images of the arc damage sites. The work reports results for three prototypical polymeric dielectric materials: low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyether-etherketone (PEEK), and Nylon 66, listed in order of decreasing hydrophobicity. Electrostatic breakdown strength was seen to change linearly with effective exposure time; hydrophobic LDPE and intermediate PEEK increased, while more hydrophilic Nylon 66 decreased. Similar trends were observed for the number of pre-breakdown arcs (DC partial discharges) versus effective exposure time.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134551823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Aging on the Dielectric Performance of Synthetic Ester-based Nano-oils","authors":"A. A. Khan, Suhaib Ahmad Khan, M. Tariq","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985379","url":null,"abstract":"The service life of a transformer primarily depends upon the aging characteristics of the insulating material. This study is performed to enhance the anti-aging ability and dielectric performance of synthetic esters using nanoparticles. Synthetic ester is basically emerging liquid insulation for transformers. The experiment for accelerated aging is performed on a thermal aging setup that provides an oxidative environment similar to a transformer. Three different concentrations of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles are used to prepare nanofluids using a two-step method. The AC breakdown test is performed according to IEC-60156 experimental standards. The dissipation factor and resistivity of oils are determined according to the IEC-60247 testing standard. A comparison of un-aged synthetic esters with aged nanofluids is performed. The nanofluids show significant changes in AC breakdown voltages. However negative influence on the dielectric property was observed due to dielectric losses associated with synthetic esters, which limits its application.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133835448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducing materials informatics to dielectrics design","authors":"M. Sato","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985380","url":null,"abstract":"It has become increasingly common to use machine learning techniques for discovering and designing novel materials. Big data enables machine learning techniques to make accurate predictions. However, experimental data are not abundant especially in the case of dielectric properties. In addition, the properties of polymers depend not only on the structure of monomers but also on the length of polymers, morphology, additives, and so on which further complicates the problem. Here, we review our latest research outcomes that are related to computational and data-driven dielectric materials design. First, we show how we were able to accurately predict the dielectric properties of gases using a small data set and further discover new molecules that can potentially outperform existing SF6 alternative gases. Then we show that by proper feature engineering it is possible to predict the thermal and electrical properties of polymer/inorganic filler composites. The main findings are as follows: (1) in line with our intuition, in general, accurate prediction of dielectric properties is difficult compared to the prediction of thermal or mechanical properties, (2) the process condition has an especially great impact on the electric properties of polymers, (3) with the knowledge of the underlying physics affecting the macroscopic properties, one can predict the dielectric properties of various materials with reasonable accuracy, (4) machine learning helps us understand the factors that control the dielectric properties, and (5) it can also be used to guide experiments or to provide testing standards.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125167614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breakdown Sites in MIM Structures","authors":"H. Kliem","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985281","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-aluminum oxide-metal structures are prepared by physical vapour deposition on silicon wafers. Their final breakdown field is 4.5 MV/cm. Above 1 MV/cm partial breakdown spots appear on the electrodes. The spots are not only restricted to the volume of the oxide films with thickness 200 nm, but they extend down into the silicon substrate. Crater-like holes with depths of about 1.5 μm are formed as revealed by an atomic force microscope. An amount of energy 50 times higher than stored electrostatically in the structure is necessary to burn these craters by a melting process. It is supposed, that the hot breakdown channels trigger a second process, which delivers the missing energy. In this second process hydrogen ions might be involved.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133759883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Wilhelm, P. Fernandes, L. Dill, K. Moscon, M. A. Marín, G. F. Moraes, T. Marchesan, V. Bender
{"title":"Evaluation of solid insulating paper properties aged in natural ester and mineral insulating oil","authors":"H. Wilhelm, P. Fernandes, L. Dill, K. Moscon, M. A. Marín, G. F. Moraes, T. Marchesan, V. Bender","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985321","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in order to evaluate properties of new insulating paper (Hybrid paper or HP, aramid/cellulose composite) and thermally upgraded kraft paper (TUK) during ageing at 165 and $185 ^{circ}text{C}$ in natural ester (NE, corn-based oil) and mineral insulating oil (MIO). Results will be complementary to a detailed and critical study to determine Arrhenius life curve for the liquid immersed transformer insulation system composed of NE and MIO in combination with TUK and HP. Accelerated ageing tests were carried out in laboratory for the HP, according to IEEE C57.100 standard, revised in 2011. Tests were conducted with MIO and with NE. A commercially available TUK paper was used as a reference, which was subjected to the same test condition. In this study, preliminary paper properties observed in TUK/NE, TUK/ MIO, HP/NE, HP/MIO insulation systems at temperatures of 165 and $185 ^{circ}text{C}$ are described. Degree of polymerization (DP), tensile testing and infrared analysis were performed on aged papers. HP presented a better performance in relation to TUK, in both oils. Furthermore, in NE slower degradation was observed for both papers at 165 and $185 ^{circ}text{C}$. Infrared spectroscopy analysis of aged papers showed that there was no transesterification reaction in both papers aged in insulating liquids (NE or MIO).","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122414935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of pulse voltage slew rate on the uniformity of polypropylene surface hydrophilic modification by nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge","authors":"Shuhao Li, Yanbo Ding, Yulei Zhao, Junxian Yu, Feng Liu, Z. Fang","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP55452.2022.9985297","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the hydrophilicity of polypropylene (PP) surface and the uniformity of the treatment effect, the nanosecond pulsed nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is used to process PP surface. The discharge characteristics of the DBD with different pulse rise times (from 50 ns to 500 ns) are investigated by electrical and optical diagnostic methods and the corresponding treatment effect and uniformity of the treated PP surfaces are characterized by measuring the value and radial distribution of the water contact angle (WCA) cross the PP surface. The results show that when the pulse rise time is 50 ns, not only the discharge become more uniform but also the emission spectral intensity is higher compared to other conditions. For hydrophilic modification effect, as the pulse rise time increases from 50 ns to 500 ns, the WCA average values changes from 47° to 55°. And for the uniformity of the PP surface treatment, the results show that the uniformity of the DBD-treated PP surface under 50 ns pulse rise time (3° variation). The faster pulse voltage slew rate enhances the reduced field in discharge space and promote the electron avalanche fusion, which leads to better discharge and treatment uniformities.","PeriodicalId":374945,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117112571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}