Theoria, Beograd最新文献

{"title":"Cannabinoids: In search for an explanation","authors":"Aleksandra Zorić","doi":"10.2298/theo1903079z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo1903079z","url":null,"abstract":"Although cannabis has been used for thousands of years for medical and\u0000 recreational purposes, the debate on its introduction as a medical product\u0000 has only recently begun. That discussion was preceded by the discovery and\u0000 explanation of the active components in cannabis on the one hand, and the\u0000 discovery of the endocannabinoid system in mammals on the other. Numerous\u0000 studies over the past thirty years have focused on their further\u0000 examination, and scarce clinical studies show the beneficial effects of\u0000 cannabis on the wide spectrum of diseases. The question is why, thirty years\u0000 after the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and the CB1 and CB2\u0000 receptors, as well as the positive results in cannabis administration in a\u0000 wide range of diseases, extensive clinical studies and relevant explanations\u0000 are still lacking. On the other hand, one may wonder if something important\u0000 is being denied to patients who might find cannabis use beneficial?\u0000 Therefore, it is important to analyze several different problems. What is\u0000 the subject of the dispute, and which cannabis derivatives are allowed? Why\u0000 do we not have relevant clinical studies, that is, all of those are of a\u0000 very limited extent? How are clinical studies conducted? To whom are these\u0000 derivatives intended and are there ethical dilemmas regarding their use?","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132112120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two linguistic models of the context-sensitivity of ‘know’","authors":"Bojan Milunovic","doi":"10.2298/theo2104067m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2104067m","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to assess the validity of two linguistic models of the\u0000 context-sensitivity of the term ?know?: (I) indexical model, according to\u0000 which knowledge ascriptions are context-sensitive due to an unstable\u0000 Kaplanian character of the term ?know?, and (II) hidden-indexical model,\u0000 that explains context sensitivity of ?know? by referring to its semantic\u0000 similarities with gradable adjectives. This article is structured as\u0000 follows. Section 1 briefly reviews contextualism as an epistemic position\u0000 and introduces key features of both models. Section 2 establishes criteria\u0000 for their evaluation: (A) their compatibility with our common linguistic\u0000 practices, and (B) their compatibility with a contextualist solution to the\u0000 problem of philosophical skepticism. Sections 3 and 4 examine two of the\u0000 most prominent objections that aim to prove that each of these models fails\u0000 to meet one or both of the aforementioned criteria. The article concludes\u0000 that the hidden-indexical model, supplemented by Bloom-Tillman?s\u0000 Modifiability Constraint, provides the more adequate linguistic support for\u0000 the thesis of epistemic contextualism.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126976821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of underdetermination","authors":"Aleksandra Zorić","doi":"10.2298/theo0604023z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo0604023z","url":null,"abstract":"We are examining the problem of underdetermination of theory by data starting from the thesis of empirical equivalence as the strongest form in which underdetermination is formulated. We will consider the consequences of this thesis on the basis of different attempts to resolve it, whereby untenability of realistic and some antirealist solutions of a problem is envisaged. The acceptance of pragmatic (non-realist) stance marks a departure from the final solution on behalf of a practical decision making in circumstances of de facto underdetermination.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125792236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joseph Melia’s nominalism and the indexing theory of numbers","authors":"Aleksandar Čupić","doi":"10.2298/THEO1901035C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/THEO1901035C","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Quine-Putnam indispensability argument, we are committed to\u0000 all the entities that are indispensable to our best scientific theory. John\u0000 Melia argues contra Quine-Putnam by claiming that even though such entities\u0000 as numbers are indispensable to our best science, there is reason to deny\u0000 their existence. In order to defend Melia?s theory from criticism put forth\u0000 by Mark Colyvan, who demands that Melia provide a nominalistically\u0000 acceptable paraphrase of our best scientific theory, supporters of this view\u0000 have argued for the stronger claim that numbers are not indispensable. They\u0000 all claim that numbers have an indexing role in the scientific explanation.\u0000 In this article, I will consider some of the arguments for the indexing\u0000 theory and point out its inadequacies.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125057047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modern age and a sense of presence","authors":"Jelena Djuric","doi":"10.2298/theo2102069d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2102069d","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the idea of human existence is related to current issues of\u0000 identities within a complex, technologically globalized modern world.\u0000 Kierkegaard?s discourse seems very useful in this regard, because of its\u0000 vivid narrative about obstacles arrising from the superficial offerings of\u0000 freedom and knowledge that essentially supress the individual?s inner\u0000 development. By conceptualizing existence and reason as polarities of human\u0000 experience, it is not possible to implement the existential immediacy of the\u0000 relationship between knowable structure of Being and the living issues of\u0000 human beings. That is why, I sugest, their relating, which emerges from the\u0000 qualitative nature of the state of presence - simultaneously belonging to\u0000 individual?s interiority and to the external world - is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125057701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust, legitimacy and deliberation: Empirical research and practical applications","authors":"A. Šoć","doi":"10.2298/theo1901103s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo1901103s","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I examine the analyses of the decline of interpersonal and\u0000 institutional trust. I claim that, even though different explanations are\u0000 partially on point, they still fail to clarify the existing problem and\u0000 propose an adequate solution. In the last part of the paper I outline one\u0000 possible solution for increasing the levels of public trust - implementing\u0000 various elements of deliberative education within the existing educational\u0000 institutions. In the end, I try to defend the conclusion that deliberative\u0000 education is a necessary step toward raising the levels of institutional and\u0000 interpersonal trust, and that, if so, this represents an argument in favor of\u0000 the general applicability of deliberative democracy.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129440193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Aristotle’s notion of abortion","authors":"Marija Petrović","doi":"10.2298/theo2302101p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2302101p","url":null,"abstract":"In Book VII of Politics, Aristotle discusses abortion as one of the means of\u0000 population control. Since the prosperity of a state depends, among other\u0000 factors, on finding the right balance between its size and the number of\u0000 inhabitants, Aristotle argues that abortion is permissible in cases where\u0000 the prescribed number of children is exceeded, but only ?before the onset of\u0000 sensation and life,? which means before it acquires a sensitive soul. A\u0000 detailed analysis of Aristotle?s understanding of human physiological\u0000 development shows that the fetus acquires a sensitive soul on the fortieth\u0000 or ninetieth day after conception, and this is taken as the limit beyond\u0000 which abortion is not permitted. Aristotle believed that the fetus does\u0000 originate as a human being, but gradually becomes one through development.\u0000 Considering the broader context in which Aristotle discusses abortion, we\u0000 can see that, despite the normative framework, these considerations cannot\u0000 be understood outside the place they have in his theory and cannot be\u0000 abstracted and applied directly to the contemporary bioethical debate on\u0000 abortion.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129760129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heidegger’s thanatology","authors":"Milan Brdar","doi":"10.2298/theo1904099b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo1904099b","url":null,"abstract":"This article was writen to eleborate three teses: First, we have paradox that\u0000 Heidegger obtained the instant glory with publishing of Being and Time\u0000 (1927): But in due time it was impossible to understand this book as for its\u0000 main tenets. It remained untransparent if intepreteur is not ackowledged\u0000 with Heideggers papers writen from 1922. until 1929. Second thesis: full\u0000 understanding of Heidegger?s work in any of its parts asks for the look from\u0000 witihin the whole of its opus beforhand. Closely conected with it one must\u0000 have in mind Heidegger?s famous turn (Wendung) and its consequences for his\u0000 pihosophy of the second phase. Third: important issue of Heideggers work as\u0000 a trial for all Heidegger-interpretation is the sense of authenticity in\u0000 vast number of interpretation. It is a real philosophocal scandal, first,\u0000 for we have failed insurching for interpretation of sense oh human existance\u0000 than not lose a connection with Heideggers main theme: surching for the\u0000 sense of Being; second, we did not find the interpretation founded in\u0000 positive valuation of being towards death as ?most authentic? form for\u0000 Dasein. Closely related to this there is not article that demonstrates sense\u0000 and significance of relation to death for realization of program of sense of\u0000 being. Therefore, in the face of such a scandalous condition in the realim\u0000 of Heidegger intgerpretation, author elaborates the sense of ?the relation\u0000 toward death? on two ways: first, within the Beong of Time, and second, in\u0000 the wider context from 1922. until 1929. Formula tha is ?most authentic? for\u0000 everyday man litteraly could be not understandble within Being and Time, as\u0000 relevent on the meta-level of philosophical surching for the sense of being.\u0000 Its understanding become attainable by the aid of the lecture ?What is\u0000 Metaphysics? (1929). Also, full understanding in its methodological meaning\u0000 unfolds not on the level of everydayness but on the meta-level of\u0000 philosophy, and asks for full understanding of the reasons for the turn\u0000 (Wendung) as a prior and necessary condition that its starting point have\u0000 had in the very same lecture. At the end of the article author point out\u0000 that the ultimate aim of whole Heideggers work on the deconstruction of\u0000 nto-theological tradition of metaphysics to attain truthfull authenticity\u0000 through the juncture the man and Being in the Event (Ereignis).","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128896631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching philosophy in secondary schools in Serbia from 2011 to 2020: Still writing about power (or weaknesses) of philosophy and its teaching concerns","authors":"Jadranka Pesti","doi":"10.2298/theo2201185p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2201185p","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains the analysis of the position of philosophy classes in\u0000 secondary schools in Serbia from 2011 till the end of 2020. It represents\u0000 the resumption of the thesis with the same topic. However, the previous\u0000 paper referred to the period between 1990 and 2020. Determining factors of\u0000 defining the position of teaching philosophy in secondary schools were not\u0000 changed compared to the previous text. The subject of the analysis is the\u0000 position of philosophy classes as a part of the complete curriculum in all\u0000 the secondary schools, with a special reference to the syllabus, students?\u0000 books and teachers. The change of the position of philosophy classes which\u0000 happened between 1990 and 2010 and which could be described as the one\u0000 making the subject of philosophy unimportant and secondary, not only\u0000 remained, but it was intensified in the period between 2011 and 2020.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117158159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kalam Cosmological Argument and the actual infinity","authors":"Igor Stojanovic","doi":"10.2298/theo2301141s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2301141s","url":null,"abstract":"The kalam cosmological argument has received a renewed attention in\u0000 philosophical literature after several presentations and defenses of its\u0000 versions offered by William Lane Craig. The crux of the debate about Craig?s\u0000 a priori arguments in its favor has had mainly to do with the analysis of\u0000 the concept of actual infinity and its implications for the possibility that\u0000 the universe has an infinite past. While Craig?s arguments point to the\u0000 counter-intuitiveness of the implications of the existence such a past, his\u0000 critics offer reasons to think that his analysis is flawed in different\u0000 respects, mostly due to inappropriate application of mathematical concept of\u0000 an infinite set. I aim to show that the criticisms on offer have flaws of\u0000 their own and, hence, fail to show that Craig?s reasoning is insufficient to\u0000 offer serious reasons to doubt the coherence of the notion of the infinite\u0000 past. I argue that a more serious threat to Craig?s arguments lies in\u0000 certain types of symmetry between the past and the future.","PeriodicalId":374875,"journal":{"name":"Theoria, Beograd","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115509552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}