Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献_第2页

Immunological Aspects Allergic Laryngitis: Role of Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Directing Therapeutic Strategies. 过敏性喉炎的免疫学方面：细胞和体液机制指导治疗策略的作用。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00127

Maria Zofia Lisiecka, Joanna Luczak

{"title":"Immunological Aspects Allergic Laryngitis: Role of Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Directing Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Maria Zofia Lisiecka, Joanna Luczak","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00127","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00127","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyze the cellular and humoral mechanisms underlying the development of allergic laryngitis, to identify key diagnostic markers, and to evaluate the effectiveness of contemporary therapeutic approaches. The study examined the principal pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, with particular emphasis on the Th2-mediated immune response, the role of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and mast cell degranulation, as well as current diagnostic methods, including laryngoscopy, skin testing, spirometry, and immunological assays. The findings confirm the leading role of Th2-dependent inflammation and IgE-mediated reactions in the development of laryngeal inflammation. The study concludes that allergen-specific immunotherapy combined with antihistamines and inhaled glucocorticosteroids is highly effective in improving symptom control and reducing the risk of relapse, supporting the integration of immunological markers and instrumental diagnostic methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and enable personalized treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microplastics at the Intersection of Toxicology, Child Health, and Human Rights. 毒理学、儿童健康和人权交叉点的微塑料。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-26-X0112

Kam Sripada

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the Safety and Efficacy of Propofol in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. 异丙酚在儿科危重患者中的安全性和有效性。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00063

Benjamin Colwell, Ferras Bashqoy, Maria Spilios, Joanna Tracy, Ami J Shah, Anasemon A Saad

{"title":"Characterizing the Safety and Efficacy of Propofol in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Benjamin Colwell, Ferras Bashqoy, Maria Spilios, Joanna Tracy, Ami J Shah, Anasemon A Saad","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00063","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00063","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Propofol is used sparingly in pediatrics owing to the risk of propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of propofol in pediatrics and describe its effectiveness at facilitating extubation and decreasing concomitant sedation.Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study evaluated critically ill children who received continuous propofol infusions for at least 12 consecutive hours while admitted to pediatric, congenital cardiac, or neonatal intensive care units. The primary outcome was PRIS incidence. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline in laboratory parameters, discontinuation due to adverse effects, change in sedative requirements following sedation washout, and successful extubation.Results: From January 1, 2019, to November 1, 2023, a total of 100 children received 120 courses of propofol infusions. The median infusion rate was 106 mcg/kg/min (IQR, 68-149) and 27.5% of courses exceeded 48 hours in duration. No PRIS events were identified. Patients experienced a moderate, non-duration-dependent increase in triglycerides, with no impact on aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations; 11.7% of infusions were discontinued for adverse effects. No children self-extubated while on propofol when used for peri-extubation (N = 49). Opioid and benzodiazepine requirements were decreased by 17% and 26% from baseline, respectively, during a 24-hour period following sedation washout (N = 26).Conclusions: Propofol was tolerated by most patients at doses commonly exceeding guideline-recommended maximum rate and duration. Propofol was safely used to facilitate extubation and decreased baseline sedative exposure when used for sedation washout in a complex critically ill pediatric population.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"540-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bemotrizinol: A New Era for US Sunscreens and Pediatric Photoprotection. 贝莫特嗪醇：美国防晒霜和儿童光防护的新时代。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-26-00072

Kelly A Dobos

引用次数: 0

De-escalation of Medications After Initiation of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age With Cystic Fibrosis. 6 - 11岁囊性纤维化儿童开始使用Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor后药物剂量降低

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00051

Eva M Byerley, Karen S McCoy, Mariah Eisner, Terri Johnson, Kimberly J Novak, Emily M Stephan

{"title":"De-escalation of Medications After Initiation of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Eva M Byerley, Karen S McCoy, Mariah Eisner, Terri Johnson, Kimberly J Novak, Emily M Stephan","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00051","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The management of cystic fibrosis (CF) requires intensive, chronic medication regimens that can have a high treatment burden and cost. De-escalation of chronic medications for patients with CF aged 12 years and older on elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) has been evaluated; however, data are lacking for patients aged 6 to 11 years.Methods: This single-center, retrospective study evaluated the non-inferiority of chronic medication de-escalation following an institutional algorithm in children 6 to 11 years with CF by comparing the difference in percent predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1) at 3 to 12 months after ETI initiation. Children with CF who had at least 1 copy of F508del and were started on ETI between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, were included. Secondary outcomes included changes in the number of chronic inhaled CF medications, presence of Pseudomonas on a sputum culture, CF-related hospitalizations, and body mass index (BMI) z-score.Results: Forty-one patients were included. The sample's baseline mean ppFEV1 was 95%. The mean difference in ppFEV1 between month 3 and month 12 on ETI was -1.37% (95% CI, -5.33 to 2.6). The lower bound of the 95% CI was less than the pre-defined non-inferiority margin (NIM) of -3.0%. Half of the patients had zero chronic inhaled medications by month 12 on ETI. Any Psuedomonas decreased from 27.5% to 7.5% (p = 0.037) 1 year post-ETI initiation.Conclusions: Following the initiation of an institutional medication de-escalation algorithm, the number of chronic medications in children aged 6 to 11 years with CF on ETI was decreased. However, this study was unable to confirm the non-inferiority of chronic medication de-escalation in this younger population with CF.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"501-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Enoxaparin Dosing in Infants Greater Than 2 to 6 Months of Age, a Pre and Post Quasi Experiment. 2 ~ 6月龄婴幼儿依诺肝素给药的前后准实验评价

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00077

Colleen Jamie Djordjevich, Colleen Cloyd, Emma Wysocki, Vedat O Yildiz, Vilmarie Rodriguez

{"title":"Evaluation of Enoxaparin Dosing in Infants Greater Than 2 to 6 Months of Age, a Pre and Post Quasi Experiment.","authors":"Colleen Jamie Djordjevich, Colleen Cloyd, Emma Wysocki, Vedat O Yildiz, Vilmarie Rodriguez","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00077","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00077","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Enoxaparin is regularly used to treat thromboembolism in children. Numerous retrospective studies suggest that infants and young children require higher enoxaparin doses to achieve therapeutic anti-factor Xa (AXA) concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 units/mL compared with adults.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of pre- and post-implementation of an increased initial dose of enoxaparin (1.2 mg/kg every 12 hours) for infants between 2 and 6 months of age. The objective is to compare the number of dose adjustments needed to achieve therapeutic AXA.Results: A total of 64 patients were included 30 pre- and 34 post-guideline groups. In both the pre- and post-guideline dosing groups the number of dose adjustments required to achieve therapeutic AXA when adjusted per the ACCP guidelines was a median of 1 (p = 0.35). However, the first initial AXA was 0.3 units/mL in the pre-guideline group and 0.48 units/mL in the post-guideline group (p = 0.07). There were no documented instances of major bleeding events in either group.Conclusion: The results support the recommendation of an increased enoxaparin starting dose for therapeutic anticoagulation in the described patient population at the study site. A large prospective study is needed to determine specific dose recommendations that will achieve therapeutic AXA concentrations for the majority of infants and children of all ages.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"516-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacologic and Adjunct Therapies for Pediatric Gastroenteritis. 小儿肠胃炎的药理学和辅助治疗。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00182

Chandrika Murugaiah

引用次数: 0

Suitability of Oral Formulations Available to Children at the Time of Pediatric Labeling. 在儿童标签时，儿童可使用的口服配方的适用性。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00141

Susan M Abdel-Rahman, Debbie A Avant, Gilbert J Burckart

{"title":"Suitability of Oral Formulations Available to Children at the Time of Pediatric Labeling.","authors":"Susan M Abdel-Rahman, Debbie A Avant, Gilbert J Burckart","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00141","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pediatric drug development landscape has experienced major shifts, largely in response to legislative and regulatory initiatives. However, associated laws and guidance documents fail to mandate the manufacture of pediatric formulations for commercial marketing post-regulatory approval. This study explores the nature of commercial products available at the time of pediatric labeling.Methods: All orally administered drugs for which labeling changes were made from 1998-2024 were evaluated. Characteristics of each drug's commercially marketed formulation(s) at the time of labeling were identified using product labeling (Drugs@FDA), Drugs.com, and DailyMed.Results: During the timeframe reviewed, there were 611 unique labeling changes representing 425 unique drugs available as 567 commercially marketed formulations. Of these drugs, 188 were marketed with pediatric-friendly (PF) formulations. The remainder were available only as solid oral dosage forms. For 329 pediatric labeling changes (53.8%), the only commercially marketed formulation was a solid oral dosage form, in many cases at sizes exceeding reasonable thresholds for the age group. For the remaining 282 labeling changes, a PF formulation was available alone or as a companion to the adult formulation. Among the PF formulations, 62% were suited to direct administration (liquid, orodispersible tablet, chewable/paste, transmucosal) while the remainder required manipulation (i.e. powder/granule, sprinkle/pellet, dispersible tablet). Three-fourths of the PF formulations incorporated flavorings and aromas though 13% failed to report the use of sweeteners.Conclusions: Less than complete access to PF formulations requires attention if we are to maximize the provision of suitable pharmacotherapy for pediatric patients.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"493-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opioid Use in Children. 儿童阿片类药物的使用。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00157

Kelly L Matson, Peter N Johnson, Evan R Horton

{"title":"Opioid Use in Children.","authors":"Kelly L Matson, Peter N Johnson, Evan R Horton","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00157","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00157","url":null,"abstract":"Limited guidance on opioid use exists in the pediatric population, causing medication safety concerns for pain management in children and adolescents. Opioid misuse and opioid use disorder continue to greatly affect adolescents and young adults in the United States, furthering the apprehension of their use. The Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) recommends that pharmacists contribute their knowledge to pain management in children, including discussing the appropriate use of non-opioid alternatives for pain and when to recommend co-prescribing naloxone. The PPA also supports the review of electronic prescription drug monitoring programs before opioid prescribing and dispensing by both prescribers and pharmacists, respectively. Education by pharmacists of children and their families regarding proper administration, storage, and disposal, as well as the awareness of opioid misuse and use disorder among adolescents and young adults, is key to prevention. If opioid use disorder is diagnosed, PPA encourages improved access among adolescents to evidence-based medications, including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Furthermore, pharmacists should assist with, or in some settings perform, screening and referral to evidence-based treatments.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 4","pages":"560-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation Between Renal Biomarkers, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Meropenem Clearance in Pediatric Septic Shock. 儿童感染性休克中肾脏生物标志物、肾小球滤过率和美罗培南清除率的相关性

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.5863/JPPT-25-00065

Brandon Vo, Julie Huynh, Robert H Mak, Jeremiah D Momper, Sean N Avedissian, Edmund V Capparelli, Helen Harvey, Erin Bradley, Nanda Ramchandar, Su Jin Kim, Eun Mi Yang, John S Bradley, Jennifer Le

{"title":"Correlation Between Renal Biomarkers, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Meropenem Clearance in Pediatric Septic Shock.","authors":"Brandon Vo, Julie Huynh, Robert H Mak, Jeremiah D Momper, Sean N Avedissian, Edmund V Capparelli, Helen Harvey, Erin Bradley, Nanda Ramchandar, Su Jin Kim, Eun Mi Yang, John S Bradley, Jennifer Le","doi":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00065","DOIUrl":"10.5863/JPPT-25-00065","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The primary objectives were to identify the correlation between various estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) methods and observed meropenem clearance (CLMERO) in hospitalized children on meropenem and to identify patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or augmented renal clearance (ARC).Methods: We prospectively assessed children aged 4 weeks to 21 years who received meropenem 20mg/kg IV every 8 hours from 2019 to 2023. Cases with sepsis were compared with controls without sepsis. Plasma meropenem concentrations and renal function biomarkers (serum creatinine [SCr], cystatin C [SCys]) were measured. GFR was estimated using: eGFR-MS (modified Schwartz for <18 years old and CKD-EPI for ≥ 18 years old), 3 equations by Pierce using SCr (eGFR-Cr) or SCys (eGFR-Cys) or their average (eGFR-Avg), and eGFR-Pot (Pottel).Results: Analysis included 27 subjects (n = 19 cases and n = 8 controls) with 309 meropenem serum concentrations. Median age was 11.8 (range 0.6-19.6) years, weight 36.3 (7.2-98.0) kg, CLMERO 122.7 (35.7-422.3), eGFR-MS 138.9 (22.9-364.8), eGFR-Cr 122.1 (24.0-601.8), eGFR-Cys 163.0 (47.5-432.4), eGFR-Avg 143.06 (35.75-395.7), and eGFR-Pot 138.92 (25.98-614.09) mL/min/1.73 m2. The correlation between all eGFR methods to CLMERO was weak (Spearman Rho ranged from 0.073 to 0.14). SCr-based eGFR and SCys-based eGFR had a discordance in identifying ARC and AKI in 41% of patients.Conclusions: The renal function of critically ill children, especially with sepsis, was extremely diverse and variable by day. Current eGFR methods had weak correlation to CLMERO.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"31 3","pages":"380-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0