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Microscopic heterogeneity characteristics and movable oil characterization of ultra-deep shale oil in the Mahu Sag 马湖凹陷超深层页岩油微观非均质性特征及可动油特征

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.002

Xinjun Mao, Wangwang Yang, Wei Wang, Hao Zhang, Shanhe Chen

{"title":"Microscopic heterogeneity characteristics and movable oil characterization of ultra-deep shale oil in the Mahu Sag","authors":"Xinjun Mao, Wangwang Yang, Wei Wang, Hao Zhang, Shanhe Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shale oil in the Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag has become an extremely critical target for large-scale reserve growth in the Junggar Basin. Characterized by great burial depth, complex geology, and pronounced heterogeneity, the effective and economical development of shale oil “sweet spots” remains a key challenge. To clarify the characteristics and controlling factors of this heterogeneity, an integrated analysis combining geological context, well-log responses, and laboratory data was conducted, focusing on three aspects: litho-mineralogical composition, pore structure, and hydrocarbon content. This approach enabled a detailed characterization of the micro-scale heterogeneity of the Fengcheng Formation shale oil and identification of its primary controls. On this basis, a four-parameter coupled mobility index evaluation model was developed, and—by integrating formation test data and fracture intensity—a classification scheme for mobility ranges was established. The study reveals that the strong heterogeneity is intrinsically driven by the complex coupling among lithofacies assemblages, clay mineral distribution, pore structure, and oil saturation, while depositional environment and diagenesis act as the dominant macro-scale controlling factors. Field production data confirm that the proposed mobility evaluation method correlates well with actual performance: the mobility index exhibits a clear exponential relationship with average daily oil production (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.90), and the mobility-based classification shows excellent agreement with well productivity, thereby providing a quantitative foundation for the effective development of ultra-deep shale oil sweet spots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37433,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 616-628"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148948954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding incomplete Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中不完整的竞争利益声明的更正

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.08.010

引用次数: 0

Research on the influencing factors and prediction model of sulfur particle aggregation diameter in high-sulfur gas wells 高硫气井硫颗粒聚集直径影响因素及预测模型研究

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.008

Shuqiang Shi, Xin Wang, Xiuli Gao, Qiang Luo, Haozhuang Zhang, Shilin Huang, Yaning Wang, Yongcai Zhang, Qingyin Yu, Danlin Chen, Shaokang Lin

{"title":"Research on the influencing factors and prediction model of sulfur particle aggregation diameter in high-sulfur gas wells","authors":"Shuqiang Shi, Xin Wang, Xiuli Gao, Qiang Luo, Haozhuang Zhang, Shilin Huang, Yaning Wang, Yongcai Zhang, Qingyin Yu, Danlin Chen, Shaokang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size of sulfur particle aggregates directly influences the critical sulfur particle carrying velocity, flow resistance, sulfur blockage thickness, corrosion rate, and scaling rate in high-sulfur gas wells. This can significantly impact the normal production of the gas wells. Although considerable research has been conducted on the mechanisms and behaviors of particle aggregation, studies specifically addressing the diameter of sulfur particle aggregates remain limited. In this paper, utilizes numerical simulation and multiphase pipe flow experiments to investigate the gas-particle sulfur two-phase pipe flow. It focuses on the effects of gas velocity, particle flow velocity, initial particle diameter, and initial particle concentration on the size of sulfur particle aggregates. The results indicate that the maximum diameter of sulfur particle aggregates diminishes as gas velocity and particle flow velocity increase, whereas it escalates with larger initial particle diameters and higher particle concentrations. A predictive model for the diameter of sulfur particle aggregates has been established based on the principles of mechanical equilibrium, incorporating factors such as particle collision frequency, aggregation probability, and the influences of van der Waals forces and liquid bridge forces between particles. This model has been validated with experimental data (six sets), numerical simulations (twenty sets), and relevant literature (ten sources), demonstrating high concordance between predicted and measured diameters, with an average absolute error of 6.35%. By predicting sulfur particle aggregate diameters in the wellbore, the model aids in optimizing gas well production, enhancing flow efficiency, and reducing wellbore blockages, providing a strong theoretical basis for optimizing multiphase flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37433,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 711-741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148961028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic understanding and mathematical advancements of spontaneous imbibition and fluid saturation measurement: A comprehensive review 自吸和流体饱和度测量的机理认识和数学进展：综述

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.010

Javed Akbar Khan, Muhammad F. Zia, Abdul Salam Abd, Nayef Alyafei

{"title":"Mechanistic understanding and mathematical advancements of spontaneous imbibition and fluid saturation measurement: A comprehensive review","authors":"Javed Akbar Khan, Muhammad F. Zia, Abdul Salam Abd, Nayef Alyafei","doi":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of the imbibition of fluid in pores would help to properly estimate the oil/gas recovery. This study is focused on imbibition estimation, considering the influences of various rock matrix properties. We summarized the mathematical models and the impact of parameters that strongly influence the imbibition. Also, it includes imbibition mechanisms that incorporate intrinsic petrophysical parameters. This review highlights the importance of considering different methods for analyzing the effect of imbibition on hydrocarbon production, thereby providing valuable insights into reservoir engineering and petrophysics. Failing to account for the pore interconnectivity in the model can result in significant discrepancies between predictions and historical data. The findings show that a higher volume of oil pores in a formation minimizes the capillary pressure. Integrating various physical and chemical mechanisms into a single numerical model allows for a comprehensive understanding of spontaneous imbibition in clay-rich shale. By addressing complex pore structures and interactions, presented models provide valuable insights for improving hydrocarbon recovery in unconventional reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37433,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 541-561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148948840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical study on formation blockage and back-pumping during geothermal water reinjection in weakly consolidated heterogeneous reservoirs using a novel mechanism model 基于新机制模型的弱胶结非均质储层地热水回注过程中地层堵塞和回抽数值研究

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.014

Liang Zhang, Songhe Geng, Xingshun Yao, Chunjie Li, Fuyang Li, Yujie Sun, Yuping Pan, Rui Gao

{"title":"Numerical study on formation blockage and back-pumping during geothermal water reinjection in weakly consolidated heterogeneous reservoirs using a novel mechanism model","authors":"Liang Zhang, Songhe Geng, Xingshun Yao, Chunjie Li, Fuyang Li, Yujie Sun, Yuping Pan, Rui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the utilization of low-medium temperature geothermal water, the well injection capacity for tail water disposal is often reduced due to the migration of self-generated particles and the invasion of suspended particles, especially in weakly consolidated sandstone reservoirs. In this paper, a novel mechanism model of formation blockage and recovery by back-pumping during geothermal water reinjection was established based on the classification and bridging principle of movable particles in porous media. The model validity was confirmed by fitting the field tests in Xining Basin, China. Then a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of influencing factors was conducted based on the model using a numerical simulation method. The results show that in a weakly consolidated heterogeneous reservoir, a series of preferential seepage channels and low-permeability zones will be formed between reinjection and production wells due to the migration and precipitation of different types of movable particles. The blockage mainly occurs in the formation within 30 m away from the reinjection well. The self-generated and invasive coarse particles are the dominant factor to cause blockage. Back-pumping is an effective method to relieve the blockage in the formation near the well. The well reinjection capacity can be restored to larger than 70% of the initial. This established mechanism model can be an effective means to investigate the particle movement law in geothermal development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37433,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 742-764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148948952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding incomplete Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中不完整的竞争利益声明的更正

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.08.009

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding incomplete Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中不完整的竞争利益声明的更正

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.08.006

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding incomplete Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中不完整的竞争利益声明的更正

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.08.008

引用次数: 0

Torsional vibrations rejection in drilling systems: A combined observer-higher-order sliding mode control approach 钻井系统扭振抑制：一种观测器-高阶滑模联合控制方法

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.06.003

Nesrine Belarif, Messaoud Chakir, Mohamed Tadjine, Nadjet Zioui

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms and patterns of crude oil mobilization in microscopic pores under gravity-assisted CO2 miscible displacement: A case study of tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu Sag, Xinjiang 重力辅助CO2混相驱作用下微观孔隙中原油运移机理与模式——以新疆马湖凹陷致密砾岩储层为例

IF 5.5

Petroleum Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.004

Ruihai Jiang, Fengqi Tan, Long Tan, Yan Dong, Yuqian Jing, Jigang Zhang, Chenguang Cui, Yu Lu, Kai Chen

{"title":"Mechanisms and patterns of crude oil mobilization in microscopic pores under gravity-assisted CO2 miscible displacement: A case study of tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu Sag, Xinjiang","authors":"Ruihai Jiang, Fengqi Tan, Long Tan, Yan Dong, Yuqian Jing, Jigang Zhang, Chenguang Cui, Yu Lu, Kai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petlm.2026.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the unclear understanding of the microscopic oil displacement mechanisms, patterns of oil mobilization in pore throats, and optimal displacement methods for gravity-assisted CO<sub>2</sub> miscible displacement in tight conglomerate reservoirs, this study utilized tight conglomerate cores from the Mahu Sag as the research subject. Experiments on gravity-assisted CO<sub>2</sub> miscible displacement were designed for cores with varying physical properties under different displacement conditions. NMR technology was employed for real-time monitoring. The study elucidated the microscopic oil mobilization patterns and displacement mechanisms of gravity-assisted CO<sub>2</sub> miscible displacement and established a recovery factor prediction model. The results demonstrate that gravity assistance enhances the recovery factor of cores with different physical properties to varying degrees, with the most pronounced effect observed in low-permeability cores. The presence of locked pores invalidates the method for determining sweep efficiency based on the lower limit of mobilization; instead, it can be quantitatively assessed through recovery factor and displacement efficiency. The incorporation of gravity assistance helps the miscible system overcome the constraints of some locked pores, thereby improving core recovery. Gravity assistance effectively enhances the degree of oil mobilization in pore throats of different scales and influences the frequency distribution of remaining oil, although it does not alter the distribution pattern. Remaining oil is still predominantly concentrated in pores with radii <1 μm. The mechanism by which gravity-assisted CO<sub>2</sub> miscible displacement improves recovery is not merely a result of simple pressure superposition but arises from complex multi-scale physical field coupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37433,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 667-683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148948894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0