Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports最新文献

{"title":"Are we Capable of Contributing to the Reduction of Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma? Building a Healthcare Team","authors":"Adriana Ribeiro, Cláudia Bacalhau","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant eyelid tumour encountered by oculoplastic surgeons (ophthalmologists), contributing significantly to morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess awareness levels and knowledge among healthcare professionals and the general public, regarding eyelid BCC, with a specific focus on the following areas: risk factors, prevention habits and pharmaceutical counseling. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was employed for data collection. Anonymous surveys were distributed to two distinct groups: healthcare professionals (comprising physicians, pharmacists, and pharmacy students) and members of the general community in Setúbal. Data collection took place on a single day for each of these two groups. Results: The study encompassed 201 participants, consisting of 155 (77.1%) females (mean age = 42 years-old), and 44 (21.9%) males (mean age = 46 years-old). The survey revealed that 55.2% of respondents were unaware of the typical location of eyelid BCC. Furthermore, the majority of participants expressed consensus on the importance of applying sunscreen as a preventive measure. Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity for enhanced efforts in preventing eyelid BCC, emphasizing the crucial role of implementing protocols and educational initiatives targeting both healthcare professionals and the general public. These measures are essential to raise awareness, facilitate early detection, and enhance the management of eyelid BCC cases.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"61 49","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes and Pattern of Eye Diseases in Children Attending the Pediatric Eye Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria","authors":"Orugun Ayodele J","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)143","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose was to determine the causes and pattern of eye diseases in children 0-15 years of age who attended the paediatric unit of the Ophthalmology department Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria with a view of obtaining data for planning of children eye care. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children that met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Subjects had visual acuity assessments as appropriate for age. Anterior segment examination was done using a loupe or slit lamp biomicroscope as appropriate while posterior segment was examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Manual refraction was done using streak retinoscope (cycloplegic refraction when required). Result: A total of 12,516 patients attended the Ophthalmology out-patient clinic of the hospital during the 30- month study period (May 2014- Oct. 2016), 1,760 old and new patients (14.1%) were patients 0- 15 years of age (study population). A total of 448 children were recruited for the study. The male to female ratio M: F was 1.3:1. Allergic conjunctivitis 181 (40.4%), refractive error 42 (9.4%) and infective conjunctivitis 39 (8.7%) were the most common ocular disorders seen. The prevalence of visual impairment was 34.4%. Trauma was the most common cause of uniocular visual impairment. The proportion of blind eyes was 3.1% (n=12). Conclusion: Majority of the ocular disorders seen among the children were treatable causes of visual impairment. Public health education is necessary to create awareness on the causes of blindness. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the ocular disorders with respect to age and gender of the children.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus: A Review and Update","authors":"Anthony Kodzo Grey Venyo","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)144","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases which are typified by the development of hyperglycaemia which do emanate from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Various types of diabetes mellitus exist which have been discussed in the main part of this article. Many pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus. These pathogenic processes range from autoimmune destruction of the beta-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities which result in resistance to insulin action. The basis of the abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on target tissues. Deficient insulin action ensues inadequate insulin secretion and / or diminished tissue responses to insulin at one or more points within the complex pathways of hormone action. Impairment of insulin secretion and defects in insulin action frequently coexist in the same patient, and it is often unclear which abnormality, if either alone, is the primary cause of the hyperglycaemia. The manifestations of marked hyperglycaemia do include: polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision. Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also ensue chronic hyperglycaemia. Acute, life-threatening consequences of diabetes mellitus include: hyperglycaemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus do include: diabetic retinopathy with potential loss of vision; diabetic nephropathy which leads to kidney (renal) failure; peripheral neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputation, and Charcot joints; as well as autonomic neuropathy which cause gastrointestinal, genitourinary, as well as cardiovascular symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Glycation of tissue proteins and other macromolecules and excess production of polyol compounds from glucose are among the mechanisms that had been postulated to produce tissue damage from chronic hyperglycaemia. Patients who have diabetes mellitus do have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension, abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism, and periodontal disease are often found in people who have diabetes mellitus. The emotional and social impact of diabetes mellitus as well as the demands of treatment of diabetes and its complications could cause significant psychosocial dysfunction in patients who have diabetes mellitus as well as their families. Even though there are many types of diabetes mellitus, the vast majority of cases of diabetes mellitus do fall into two broad etiopathogenetic categories which have been extensively discussed in the ensuing article below that has been ","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blindness Secondary to Noma Destruction of Orbital Bone: Case Series from Noma Children Hospital Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"Bala M, Abubakar AB","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2023(3)142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2023(3)142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Noma is an infectious disease that rapidly destroys orofacial tissues and neighboring structures in its fulminating course. This study aimed to present a case series of blindness as a result of Noma destruction of the orbital bone and highlight the important aspect of its management. Patients and methods: This was a case series of 12 patients seen and managed for Noma with associated blindness over 2 years study period at Noma Children Hospital Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria. Sociodemographic variables, presenting complaints, presenting visual acuity, investigations, and, the treatment done was recorded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Result: There were 4 (33.3%) males and, 8 (66.7%) females in the age range of 4-15 years with a mean±SD of 7.5±3.3years. The time range of onset before presentation to our facility was 2 weeks to 4 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed a destroyed globe and purulent discharge with no light perception in all the patients. Anemia and malnutrition were present and, microbiological culture and sensitivity (MCS) yielded no growth in all the patients. Patients were optimized, then later had sequestrectomy and, teeth extraction. Monitoring of patients was done until symptoms resolution. Conclusion: Noma is capable of spreading rapidly to the orbit, causing loss of vision as a complication. However, aggressive medical and surgical intervention in consultation with an ophthalmologist can result in early resolution of symptoms and prevent further spread that may lead to blindness.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Corneal Curvature with Pterygium Morphology in Tertiary Care Center in Central India","authors":"Shishir Garg","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2023(4)141","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between corneal astigmatism and pterygium morphology by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Methods: Patients diagnosed with unilateral pterygium were included in this prospective crosssectional study. A thorough history was taken and each patient underwent detailed ocular examination including demographic data, subjective refraction with best corrected visual acuity using a Snellen’s chart, anterior and posterior segment examination with slit lamp biomicroscopy , keratometric measurements using an autorefractometer. The vertical width and horizontal length of the pterygium was measured manually with the millimetric scale of the slit lamp biomicroscope. Results: The study consisted of 45 patients with a mean age of 54.58 years. Mean Horizontal pterygium length, vertical width and percentage extension of pterygium was 2.71 mm, 4.56 mm, 50.22% respectively. Mean anterior corneal astigmatism was 2.11±1.69. Analysing the correlation separately, a statistically significant correlation was present between horizontal length and percentage extension and the anterior corneal astigmatism. Conclusion: Anterior corneal astigmatism was higher in pterygium group as compared to the contralateral eye without pterygium.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function Evaluation of Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage After Vitrectomy","authors":"Mona Abdelkader, Maha M Shahin, Omnia L Nwara","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2022(4)140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2022(4)140","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate electrophysiological changes before and after pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage Subject &amp; Method: This study included 30 eyes of 30 patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examination, Ultrasonography, Visual evoked potential, Electroretinography before and after vitrectomy (at 1 week &amp;3 months) Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in the Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA) and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) along the study period (p <0.001). There was statistically significant improvement in the mean latency and mean amplitude of Flash VEP There was a statistically significant increase in the mean amplitude of all ERG parameters at 3 months postoperative. Conclusion: Electrophysiological test is an important tool in detection improvement of retinal function after vitrectomy","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diamond Dust Particles Seen on Intraoperative Oct","authors":"Neesurg S. Mehta","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2020(2)108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2020(2)108","url":null,"abstract":"A 68-year-old female with a full-thickness macular hole in the right eye was referred for surgical repair. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and intraocular gas injection. During the surgery, the ILM was stained using Brilliant Blue G solution, elevated using a diamond-dusted membrane scraper, and removed using vitreoretinal forceps. After ILM removal, white refractile particles (arrow) likely corresponding to diamond dust particles were noted on the retinal surface (panel A), and appeared hyperreflective on intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT; panel B). Attempts at aspirating these particles were unsuccessful.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122998864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Computer Thresholding of Central Acuity under Conditions of Contrast and Luminance Simulating Real World Environments: Evaluation of the Effects of Aging and Optical Correction","authors":"S. Sinclair, P. Presti","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2022(3)124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2022(3)124","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Central Vision Analyzer (CVA) is an interactive computer device that has been reported to measure functional resolution at fixation under contrast and luminance conditions and fixation times which mimic a number of vision tasks of day and evening activities. The program presents Landolt C’s that are flashed at fixation for 250 msec and tumbled 1 of 4 directions; the program thresholds for the smallest C the position of which is correctly recognized. In sequential fashion, the CVA tests 3 mesopic environments (98% Michelson Contrast, MC, against a background of 1.6 cd/m2, 25% MC against 5 cd/m2, then 50% MC against 1.6 cd/m2) and 3 glare environments (98%, 10% and 8% MC, all against a background of 220 cd/m2). This report evaluates the impact of aging and optical correction method on the resolution acuity measured in normal eyes.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122618479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroaneurysm Rupture after Car Accident","authors":"M. Naser","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2020(1)110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2020(1)110","url":null,"abstract":"Retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) is an acquired, round dilation of a retinal artery which can present with a variety of retinal findings and is often misdiagnosed at first. patients with RAM usually complain of acute, severe vision loss. We present a 48 year old patient who came to neuro-ophthalmology clinic with blurry vision which was started after car accident.","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124046000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Macular Distortion After Chlorine Dioxide Administration Case Report","authors":"A. Herrera, Paola E. Solís-Arias","doi":"10.47363/jorrr/2022(3)125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jorrr/2022(3)125","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorine dioxide, and its byproducts, chlorite, and chlorate, at daily dose of 5 ppm, administered to normal healthy adult male volunteers for 12 weeks, was accompanied by no clinically important physiological effects. An extensive battery of tests was used to evaluate the physiological impact of the ingested water disinfectants [1].","PeriodicalId":373984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134297095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}