Injury Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Neighborhood predictors of suicide and firearm suicide in Detroit, Michigan.","authors":"Colette Smirniotis, Veronica A Pear, Rose M C Kagawa","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00530-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00530-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States with rates increasing over the past two decades. The rate of suicide is higher in rural areas, but a greater number of people in urban areas die by suicide; understanding risk factors for suicide in this context is critically important to public health. Additionally, while many studies have focused on individual-level risk factors, few studies have identified social or structural features associated with suicide or firearm suicide, especially among young people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study outcomes included total firearm suicide, total youth (age 10-29) firearm suicide, total suicide, and total youth suicide in Detroit, Michigan from 2012 through 2019. The predictors in this study included 58 census-tract level variables characterizing the physical features, residential stability, socioeconomic status, and demographics of neighborhoods in Detroit over the study period. We used random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and generalized linear mixed models to predict the four outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the tract-level variables used in all three modeling approaches performed poorly at predicting the suicide outcomes, with area under the curve values at times exceeding 0.60 but with extremely low sensitivity (ranging from 0.05 to 0.45). However, the percentage of parcels sold in arms-length transfers in the previous 5 years, the count of vacant lots per square mile, and the percentage of children aged three and older who were enrolled in preschool each demonstrated associations with at least two of the outcomes studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest place-based factors at the tract level do not provide meaningful insight into the risk of suicide or firearm suicide among youth or the general population in Detroit, Michigan. Future practice and study should consider focusing on both larger and smaller areas, including city and individual-level factors. For example, studies might benefit from the use of both neighborhood and individual-level measures and their interactions to improve our understanding of place-based risk factors and suicide risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11429627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using syndromic surveillance for unintentional and undetermined intent drowning surveillance in a large metropolitan area.","authors":"Rohit P Shenoi, Briana Moreland, Jennifer L Jones, Nicholas Peoples, Elizabeth A Camp, Ned Levine","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00529-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00529-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A drowning definition is available for use with National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) data. However, its accuracy in capturing drowning emergency department and urgent care visits at the regional level is unknown. We tested the ability of the syndromic surveillance (SS) definition in capturing unintentional and undetermined intent drowning (UUID) and describe UUID SS visit trends in a large metropolitan area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied the drowning definition to NSSP data from 2016 to 2022 for the 8-county metropolitan Houston region. We queried the dataset for UUID ICD-10-CM codes and manually reviewed the chief complaint (CC) and discharge diagnosis (DD) for SS visits. True-positives were calculated by dividing the number of UUID cases identified by UUID ICD-10-CM codes and CC/DD review by the total visits captured by the SS definition. Demographics and trends of UUID visits were calculated from 2018 to 2022 due to limited data from 2016 to 2017 in NSSP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2,759 visits were captured by the SS definition. After case review, 2,019 (73.2%) had ICD-10-CM drowning codes of any intent; and 2,015 of those (99.8%) were classified as UUID. Of the remaining 740 cases with no ICD-10-CM codes that were pulled by the SS definition, 690 (93.2%) had a CC/DD diagnosis of drowning/submersion/underwater related to aquatic exposure. Taken together, 2,705 (98.0%) were true-positive UUID visits based on the SS drowning definition.. Children (aged < 18 years) constituted 79% of UUID visits. Black, White and Asian/Pacific Islander persons comprised 17%, 60% and 4% of UUID visits respectively. Rates of UUID visits were lowest in 2020.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Syndromic surveillance is a novel and accurate method to conduct real-time drowning surveillance in a large metropolitan region.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 Suppl 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications reported to United States poison centers.","authors":"Ashley Thurgood Giarman, Hannah L Hays, Jaahnavi Badeti, Natalie I Rine, Henry A Spiller, Motao Zhu, Gary A Smith","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00536-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00536-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the characteristics and trends of therapeutic errors that occur outside of healthcare facilities involving diabetes medications reported to US poison centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National Poison Data System data from 2000 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 157,623 exposure cases of non-healthcare facility-related therapeutic errors associated with diabetes medications as the primary substance reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2021. The rate of all therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications increased by 279.8% from 2000 to 2011, followed by a slower 15.0% increase to 2021. Half (50.1%) of the exposure cases were treated/evaluated and released and 44.1% did not receive treatment in a healthcare facility; however, 9.9% experienced a serious medical outcome, including 17 fatalities, and 1.0% were admitted to a critical care unit and 2.2% to a non-critical care unit. Insulin had the highest rates of therapeutic errors and serious medical outcomes, while sulfonylureas and insulin had the highest medical hospital admission rates. Metformin accounted for 59% (n = 10) of fatalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most cases of therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications had no or minimal clinical consequences, an important minority were associated with a serious medical outcome or medical hospital admission. Increased efforts to prevent therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage of firearms in vehicles: findings from a sample of firearm owners in nine U.S. states.","authors":"Alexander Testa, Daniel C Semenza, Michael Anestis","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00525-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00525-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, there has been a growing number of thefts of firearms stored in vehicles. Despite this trend, there is limited research on firearm storage patterns in vehicles in the United States. This study investigates these storage patterns and evaluates the relationship between the surge in firearm purchases after March 2020 and the practice of storing firearms in vehicles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firearm storage practices were classified into four categories: (a) no vehicle storage, (b) locked vehicle storage only, (c) unlocked vehicle storage only, and (d) both locked and unlocked vehicle storage. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between vehicle firearm storage practices and the main independent variable (firearm purchases since March 2020), adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Those who purchased a firearm since March 2020 were significantly more likely to store at least one firearm in a vehicle unlocked only (RRR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.45-3.99) or both locked and unlocked (RRR = 2.57, 95% CI .180-3.67) compared to the reference category of no vehicle storage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals who purchased a firearm after March 2020 were more likely to report storing a firearm in a vehicle. Given the limited research on patterns of firearm storage in vehicles, these findings provide novel evidence suggesting that firearm purchases following the March 2020 firearm purchasing surge may have fomented behaviors that increased the likelihood of firearm storage in automobiles. Moving forward, there is a need for additional quantitative and qualitative research that can better understand patterns and motivations of firearm storage in vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11386107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-state evaluation of extreme risk protection orders: a research protocol.","authors":"April M Zeoli, Amy Molocznik, Jennifer Paruk, Elise Omaki, Shannon Frattaroli, Marian E Betz, Annette Christy, Reena Kapoor, Christopher Knoepke, Wenjuan Ma, Michael A Norko, Veronica A Pear, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Julia P Schleimer, Jeffrey W Swanson, Garen J Wintemute","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00535-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00535-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) are civil court orders that prohibit firearm purchase and possession when someone is behaving dangerously and is at risk of harming themselves and/or others. As of June 2024, ERPOs are available in 21 states and the District of Columbia to prevent firearm violence. This paper describes the design and protocol of a six-state study of ERPO use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The six states included are California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, and Washington. During the 3-year project period (2020-2023), ERPO case files were obtained through public records requests or through agreements with agencies with access to these data in each state. A team of over four dozen research assistants from seven institutions coded 6628 ERPO cases, abstracting 80 variables per case under domains related to respondent characteristics, events and behaviors leading to ERPO petitions, petitioner types, and court outcomes. Research assistants received didactic training through an online learning management system that included virtual training modules, quizzes, practice coding exercises, and two virtual synchronous sessions. A protocol for gaining strong interrater reliability was used. Research assistants also learned strategies for reducing the risk of experiencing secondary trauma through the coding process, identifying its occurrence, and obtaining help.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Addressing firearm violence in the U.S. is a priority. Understanding ERPO use in these six states can inform implementation planning and ERPO uptake, including promising opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries and deaths. By publishing this protocol, we offer detailed insight into the methods underlying the papers published from these data, and the process of managing data abstraction from ERPO case files across the multi-state and multi-institution teams involved. Such information may also inform future analyses of this data, and future replication efforts.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/kv4fc/ ).</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political violence, racial violence, and new gun ownership: results from the 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy.","authors":"Rebecca Valek, Julie A Ward, Vanya Jones, Cassandra K Crifasi","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00527-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00527-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>U.S. firearm sales surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many purchases by first-time firearm owners. The 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy sought to understand the public health implications of this surge by comparing the purchasing motivations and firearm policy views of pandemic-era first-time purchasers to prior gun owners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We fielded a nationally representative public opinion survey of U.S. adults (n = 3096) from 1/4/23 to 2/6/23. We oversampled for gun owners and Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. Survey weights were applied to generate representative estimates. New gun owners were identified through affirmative responses to: \"Have you bought any guns since January 1, 2020?\" and \"Did you buy your first gun after January 1, 2020?\" Recent purchasers were additionally asked whether concerns of 1) political or 2) racial violence motivated their purchase. Purchase motivations and gun policy support were examined among new and prior gun owners (n = 1002) and compared using logistic regression and predictive probabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 11% of respondents reported purchasing a gun since 1/1/20, 35% for the first time. Among recent purchasers, larger proportions of Democrat, Black, Asian, and Hispanic respondents were new gun owners than Republican or white respondents. Compared to prior owners, odds were 4.5-times higher that new gun owners' recent purchase was motivated by racial violence and 3.2-times higher for political violence. Majority support was found for protective gun policies, with few differences by purchase recency or motivations. The only policy for which support by new and prior gun owners differed significantly was the permit-to-purchase policy (76% v. 63%, respectively). Similarly, few significant differences in support were observed when stratifying by purchase motivation. Notably, both those who reported recent purchase motivations of racial violence and of political violence expressed significantly higher support for a \"stand-your-ground\" policy compared to those who did not report such motivations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial and political violence appear to be larger concerns among new gun owners, motivating purchasing among demographic groups with traditionally lower gun ownership rates. These findings suggest a need for safety assurances amid racial and political tensions and growing gun ownership. Gun owners' support for such policies remains strong.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural adolescent attitudes and use of helmets while riding ATVs, motorcycles and dirt bikes.","authors":"Charles A Jennissen, Sehansa R Karunatilaka, Brianna J Iverson, Devin E Spolsdoff, Kristel M Wetjen, Brenda Vergara, Shannon R Landers, Pam J Hoogerwerf","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00532-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00532-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head injuries are the most common cause of death in some motorized vehicles for which helmet use can significantly decrease the risk. Our objective was to determine rural adolescents' attitudes regarding helmets and their use while riding ATVs, motorcycles and dirt bikes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 2022 Iowa FFA (formerly Future Farmers of America) Leadership Conference attendees were surveyed. After compilation, data were imported into the statistical program, R ( https://www.R-project.org/ ). Descriptive statistics, contingency table, logistic regression and non-parametric alternatives to ANOVA analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1331 adolescents (13-18 years) participated. One half lived on a farm, 21% lived in the country/not on a farm and 28% were from towns. Nearly two-thirds (65%) owned an ATV with 77% of all having ridden one in the past year. Farm residents had the highest ATV ownership (78%) and having ridden (80%) proportions, both p < 0.001. Overall, ownership and ridership for motorcycles (22% and 30%, respectively) and dirt bikes (29% and 39%, respectively) was significantly less than ATVs, all p < 0.001. Of ATV riders, those living on farms or in the country/not on a farm rode them more frequently than those from towns, p < 0.001. Higher percentages always/mostly wore helmets when riding dirt bikes (51%) and motorcycles (57%) relative to ATVs (21%), p < 0.001. Those from farms had lower proportions wearing helmets versus those living elsewhere for all vehicles. Helmet use importance ratings (1-10, 10 high) were not different for motorcycles (mean 8.6, median 10) and dirt bikes (mean 8.3, median 10), but much lower for ATVs (mean 6.1, median 6). Females, non-owners, and helmet law supporters all had higher helmet use importance ratings. Males, those from farms, and owners and riders of the vehicles all had lower proportions that supported helmet laws. Support for helmet laws was significantly lower for ATVs (30.7%) than dirt bikes (56.3%) or motorcycles (72.3%), both p < 0.001. Those whose families had strict ATV \"No Helmet, No Riding\" rules had much higher helmet use and helmet importance ratings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates that the safety culture surrounding helmet use is relatively poor among rural adolescents, especially on farms, and deserves targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 Suppl 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community partnership approaches to safe sleep (CPASS) program evaluation.","authors":"Gina S Lowell, Jillian Sanford, Linda Radecki, Allison Hanes, Bonnie Kozial, Felicia Clark, Jennifer McCain, Asim Abbasi, Sevilay Dalabih, Benjamin D Hoffman, Lois K Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00528-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00528-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) continues to be a leading cause of death in infants in the United States (US), with significant disparities by race and socio-economic status. Infant safe sleep behaviors are associated with decreasing SUID risk, but challenges remain for families to practice these routinely. The objective of this program was to implement and evaluate a novel approach for an infant safe sleep pilot program built upon partnerships between hospitals and community-based organizations (CBOs) serving pregnant and parenting families in at-risk communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community Partnership Approaches to Safe Sleep (CPASS) was a prospectively implemented infant safe sleep program. CPASS included children's hospitals partnered with CBOs across five US cities: Portland, OR, Little Rock AR, Chicago, IL, Birmingham, AL, and Rochester, NY. The program consisted of (1) monthly learning community calls; (2) distribution of Safe Sleep Survival Kits; and (3) surveys of sites and families regarding program outcomes. Survey measures included (1) site participation in CPASS activities; (2) recipients' use of Safe Sleep Kits; and (3) recipients' safe sleep knowledge and behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CPASS learning community activities were consistently attended by at least two representatives (1 hospital-based, 1 CBO-based) from each site. Across the five sites, 1002 safe kits were distributed over 9 months, the majority (> 85%) to families with infants ≤ 1 month old. Among participating families, 45% reported no safe sleep location before receipt of the kit. Family adherence to nighttime safe sleep recommendations included: (1) no bedsharing (M 6.0, SD 1.8, range 0-7); (2) sleep on back (M 6.3, SD 1.7, range 0-7); and (3) sleep in a crib with no blankets/toys (M 6.0, SD 2.0, range 0-7). Site interviews described how participation in CPASS influenced safe sleep conversations and incorporated local data into counseling. Hospital-CBO relationships were strengthened with program participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CPASS pilot program provides a new, innovative model built on hospital-community partnerships for infant safe sleep promotion in SUID-impacted communities. CPASS reached families before their infant's peak age risk for SUID and empowered families with knowledge and resources to practice infant safe sleep. Important lessons learned included improved ways to center and communicate with families.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 Suppl 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving post-injury follow-up survey response: incorporating automated modalities.","authors":"Hannah Scheuer, Kelsey M Conrick, Brianna Mills, Esther Solano, Saman Arbabi, Eileen M Bulger, Danae Dotolo, Christopher St Vil, Monica S Vavilala, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Megan Moore","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00531-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00531-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incorporating post-discharge data into trauma registries would allow for better research on patient outcomes, including disparities in outcomes. This pilot study tested a follow-up data collection process to be incorporated into existing trauma care systems, prioritizing low-cost automated response modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation was part of a larger study that consisted of two protocols with two distinct cohorts of participants who experienced traumatic injury. Participants in both protocols were asked to provide phone, email, text, and mail contact information to complete follow-up surveys assessing patient-reported outcomes six months after injury. To increase follow-up response rates between protocol 1 and protocol 2, the study team modified the contact procedures for the protocol 2 cohort. Frequency distributions were utilized to report the frequency of follow-up response modalities and overall response rates in both protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 178 individuals responded to the 6-month follow-up survey: 88 in protocol 1 and 90 in protocol 2. After implementing new follow-up contact procedures in protocol 2 that relied more heavily on the use of automated modalities (e.g., email and text messages), the response rate increased by 17.9 percentage points. The primary response modality shifted from phone (72.7%) in protocol 1 to the combination of email (47.8%) and text (14.4%) in protocol 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results from this investigation suggest that follow-up data can feasibly be collected from trauma patients. Use of automated follow-up methods holds promise to expand longitudinal data in the national trauma registry and broaden the understanding of disparities in patient experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national study of firearm exposure and safety training among rural youth.","authors":"Jamie L Koopman, Benjamin M Linden, Megan R Sinik, Kristel M Wetjen, Pam J Hoogerwerf, Junlin Liao, Charles A Jennissen","doi":"10.1186/s40621-024-00533-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-024-00533-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data regarding rural youths' experience with firearms, including safety training, is highly limited despite their frequent presence in homes. Our objective was to investigate rural adolescents' use of firearms and whether they had received formal firearm training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 2021 National FFA (formerly Future Farmers of America) Convention & Expo attendees were given an anonymous survey at the University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital injury prevention booth. The survey explored their use of rifles/shotguns and handguns and whether they had completed a certified firearm safety course. Descriptive and comparative analyses, including multivariable logistic regression analyses, were performed on compiled data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3206 adolescents ages 13-18 years participated with 45% reporting they lived on a farm or ranch. The vast majority of participants (85%) had fired a rifle/shotgun; 43% reported firing them > 100 times. Of those that had fired rifles/shotguns, 41% had done so before 9 years old. Most had also fired a handgun (69%), with 23% having fired handguns > 100 times. Of those that had fired handguns, 44% had done so before 11 years. Average age for first firing rifles/shotguns was 9.5 (SD 3.1) years, and 11.1 (SD 3.0) years for handguns. Males, non-Hispanic Whites, and those living on farms or in the country had significantly greater percentages who had fired a rifle/shotgun or a handgun. Significant differences were also seen by U.S. census region. Over half (64%) reported having gone hunting. Of those that had used a firearm, 67% had completed a firearm safety training course. Overall, 23% were/had been members of a school or club shooting team and of these, 87% had taken a safety course.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most FFA member participants had fired both rifles/shotguns and handguns, many at very young ages. Significant differences in firearm use were noted by demographic factors including the home setting (i.e., farms and ranches) and their U.S. census region. Nearly one-third of adolescent firearm users had not received formal safety training. Promoting firearm safety should include advising families on when it is developmentally appropriate to introduce youth to firearms and on the importance of firearm safety training.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"11 Suppl 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}