Brazilian Journal of International Law最新文献_第9页

O fim da hierarquia supralegal dos tratados internacionais: análise da ADI n. 5.543/2020-DF à luz da teoria argumentativa de MacCormick 国际条约超法等级制度的终结:基于麦考密克论证理论的ADI n. 5.543/2020-DF分析

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i2.7320

Ana Maria D'Ávila Lopes, P. Ciríaco

{"title":"O fim da hierarquia supralegal dos tratados internacionais: análise da ADI n. 5.543/2020-DF à luz da teoria argumentativa de MacCormick","authors":"Ana Maria D'Ávila Lopes, P. Ciríaco","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i2.7320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i2.7320","url":null,"abstract":"Em 11 de maio de 2020, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) julgou a Ação Direita de Inconstitucionalidade no 5.543/2020 DF, decidindo pela inconstitucionalidade das normas federais que restringiam a doação de sangue por homossexuais do sexo masculino. Em voto vencedor, o Ministro Relator Edson Fachin retomou a tese da hierarquia materialmente constitucional de todos os tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, pondo fim à tese da hierarquia supralegal fixada pelo próprio STF no RE 466.343-1 SP de 2008. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou demonstrar, com base na teoria argumentativa de Neil MacCormick, que essa decisão do STF não atendeu os requisitos de correção propostos pelo jurista escocês. Para tal, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na doutrina nacional e comparada, bem como pesquisa documental na jurisprudência nacional, sendo esses dados analisados por meio dos métodos dedutivo e indutivo respectivamente. Desse modo, verificou-se que, embora a decisão possa ter atendido ao critério da universabilidade, não atendeu os critérios de consistência e coerência, podendo, portanto, ser considerada incorreta, nos termos defendidos pela teoria argumentativa de MacCormick.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48893835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contesting immunities in the International Criminal Court: an analysis of the rulings of the Pre-Trial Chambers and the Appeals Chamber in Bashir Case and its outcomes 在国际刑事法院抗辩豁免:对巴希尔案预审分庭和上诉分庭裁决及其结果的分析

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i2.7260

Luisa Giannini, R. V. Yamato

引用次数: 0

The new Braziian Anti-trafficking Law: challenges and opportunities to cover the normative lack 巴西新的《反贩运法》：弥补规范缺失的挑战和机遇

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7129

Waldimeiry Correa Da Silva

{"title":"The new Braziian Anti-trafficking Law: challenges and opportunities to cover the normative lack","authors":"Waldimeiry Correa Da Silva","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7129","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian counter-trafficking in persons has given rise to a complex, deficient, confusing anti-trafficking system that presents legal obstacles. Derived from this lack of harmonization in the Brazilian context, there were different ways of interpreting what trafficking was, which has also generated a confusing framework regarding the interpretation of the concept itself. Hence, the new anti-trafficking law in Brazil (13.344/2016), was approved in order to cover this normative vacuum and act as a useful instrument that builds a proactive counter-trafficking in Brazil. The general objective is to examine the irrelevance of the argument of consent in crimes of Trafficking in Persons, based on the remarks in the new anti-trafficking law in Brazil. For this purpose, I carry out a thematic qualitative text analysis approach in order to identify and analyse the changes in the Brazilian system of counter-trafficking. Thereby, the methodology aims to identify actors involved, as well as the content and meaning of the new Brazilian anti-trafficking law. In this sense, this article is based on a traditional literature review of the results from a bibliographic, doctrinal revision, and a documentary survey of the laws applied to the subject. The conclusions of this study show that Brazilian counter-trafficking demands a much-needed multidirectional action and protection of the human rights of victims/survivors in the context of trafficking. The results of the analysis indicate the irrelevance of the victims’ consent. Hence, the premise of the State should be to guarantee the protection of their rights.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48785884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

¿Son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la OEA en Chile? Avances en base a la doctrina, normativa y jurisprudencia 美洲国家组织在智利的国际人权条约是否是合宪集团的一部分？理论、法规和判例的进展

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7252

J. Fuenzalida

{"title":"¿Son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la OEA en Chile? Avances en base a la doctrina, normativa y jurisprudencia","authors":"J. Fuenzalida","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7252","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo estudia si los principales tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la Organizacion de Estados Americanos (OEA) son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile. Para responder a aquella interrogante se sintetizan los principales argumentos doctrinarios para aplicar los tratados sobre derechos humanos en Chile; se analiza la normativa constitucional chilena para considerar los tratados referidos; y, finalmente se comprueba si los tratados citados son utilizados en los maximos tribunales de justicia. Se desarrolla cada punto anterior con doctrina, normativa nacional e internacional y con jurisprudencia. La investigacion cristaliza al evidenciar que desde todos los prismas son aplicables cada uno de los tratados revisados en Chile. Las conclusiones son que los principales tratados sobre derechos de la OEA son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile, tanto en el texto positivo como en la practica en los tribunales de justicia, abriendo un abanico de derechos fundamentales para todos los habitantes. Sin embargo, tambien se hace el llamado de atencion en que hay algunos que todavia hace falta incorporar y sobre aquellos que han sido ratificados, pero con algunas declaraciones o reservas que estan intimamente relacionados con derechos humanos elementales.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The immunity of international organizations in labour disputes: developments before international tribunals, national courts and the Colombian jurisdiction 国际组织在劳资纠纷中的豁免权：国际法庭、国家法院和哥伦比亚管辖权的事态发展

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7264

Walter Arévalo-Ramírez, Ricardo Abello-Galvis

{"title":"The immunity of international organizations in labour disputes: developments before international tribunals, national courts and the Colombian jurisdiction","authors":"Walter Arévalo-Ramírez, Ricardo Abello-Galvis","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7264","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyze and explain the recent developments and challenges regarding the jurisdictional immunity of international organizations in labour disputes, both by international and national courts, concluding with remarks on the experience of the Colombian case law in the matter. The article uses both case-law review and comparative law methodologies to first explain the main differences between diplomatic immunity and the immunity of international organizations regarding labour disputes, then, it describes the current legal trends regarding the applicable law to labour relations between international organizations and individuals, and the challenges to the immunity of the organization when disputes arise. The article develops the modern trend of requiring the organization to activate internal dispute resolution mechanisms to uphold its immunity before national courts. Finally, the article studies the incomplete reception of the principles governing the immunity of international organizations by recent Colombian case law. The article concludes that although international case law over the past decade widely recognizes functional immunity and jurisdictional immunity as the governing law in international organizations, it is still a controversial topic that has demanded fast developments regarding the applicable law, the differences with diplomatic immunity as understood by local authorities (expanding on the example of Colombia) and the design of innovative dispute resolution mechanisms within international organizations. \u0000Keywords: Immunity of international organizations, Diplomatic immunity, Host State, national officials, functional immunity. labour disputes.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44491424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Law of State Immunity before the Brazilian Supreme Court: what is at stake with the “Changri-La” case? 巴西最高法院面前的国家豁免法：“昌日拉”案的利害关系是什么？

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7915

Aziz Tuffi Saliba, L. C. Lima

{"title":"The Law of State Immunity before the Brazilian Supreme Court: what is at stake with the “Changri-La” case?","authors":"Aziz Tuffi Saliba, L. C. Lima","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7915","url":null,"abstract":"It was 1943 when the Changri-La fishing boat and its ten fishermen crew disappeared near Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro. But only in 2001 the Tribunal Marítimo da Marinha do Brasil recognized that the vessel had been sunk by a German submarine. The relatives of the victims sought compensation at the Brazilian courts for its material damages and non-pecuniary losses. However, they stumbled upon a customary norm of Public International Law: the rule prescribing that a State is entitled to immunity in respect of acta jure imperii before the domestic courts of another State. After a long journey within the Brazilian courts, the case reached the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – the Brazilian Supreme Court, which blends functions of constitutional review and court of last appeal – and in March 2021, the trial finally started. In the Extraordinary Appeal with Interlocutory Appeal (ARE) 954858 – currently suspended after Justice Alexandre de Moraes’ request to see the records –, it is discussed whether human rights violations are an exception to the rule of States’ sovereign immunity. While the case has not yet reached a conclusion, some Justices have already expressed their legal views – their votes, as they are called in the Brazilian Supreme Court – offering potential outcomes for the discussion. In this essay, we analyze two issues present in some of the votes: absence of proper engagement with international legal arguments, revealing a detachment from international law, and the possible consequences of the thesis proposed by the reporting Justice, Edson Fachin. Our endeavor is both to comment and to explain what is at stake with the Changri-la case.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control Judicial de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y Programas Masivos de Reparaciones: Hacia un Enfoque más Matizado 美洲人权法院的司法控制和大规模赔偿方案：朝着更微妙的方向发展

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7293

Juan Carlos Ochoa-Sánchez

{"title":"Control Judicial de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y Programas Masivos de Reparaciones: Hacia un Enfoque más Matizado","authors":"Juan Carlos Ochoa-Sánchez","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7293","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo aporta nuevas perspectivas a la pregunta: ?que tipo de control judicial debe ejercer la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CtIDH) en casos en contra de un Estado en el cual se ha implementado un programa masivo de reparaciones (PMR)? Particularmente, este contribuye a responder la pregunta: ?que tipo de ordenes de reparaciones debe adoptar esta Corte en dichos casos? Primero, este trabajo analiza criticamente el punto de vista segun el cual cuando la CtIDH ordena reparaciones en este tipo de casos debe necesariamente centrar su decision solo en las violaciones de los derechos humanos encontradas en el caso individual que se le presenta. Para clarificar, este enfoque puede ser llamado ‘un enfoque de caso individual’. En este trabajo se demostrara que el argumento de que la CtIDH debe limitarse a un enfoque de caso individual en los casos estudiados es injustificado desde una perspectiva juridica, analitica y normativa. Segundo, este trabajo busca proponer un enfoque mas matizado respecto a las ordenes de reparaciones que la CtIDH debe adoptar en los casos estudiados que el de caso individual y otros enfoques que han sido propuestos. Este propone un enfoque en el que la CtIDH examina las caracteristicas de los PMR aplicables a los casos individuales presentados ante este Tribunal. Particularmente, la CtIDH debe evaluar si un determinado PMR cumple con las obligaciones del Estado en virtud de la Convencion Americana de Derechos Humanos.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justiciabilidade direta dos direitos econômicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos 经济、社会、文化和环境权利在美洲人权法院的直接可诉性

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7309

Augusto Antônio Fontanive Leal, G. Massaú

引用次数: 0

Imunidade de Jurisdição dos Estados e Poder Executivo Brasileiro: Os Pareceres dos Consultores Jurídicos do Itamaraty 国家管辖豁免和巴西行政权力:伊塔马拉蒂法律顾问的意见

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7274

George R. B. Galindo

{"title":"Imunidade de Jurisdição dos Estados e Poder Executivo Brasileiro: Os Pareceres dos Consultores Jurídicos do Itamaraty","authors":"George R. B. Galindo","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7274","url":null,"abstract":"A doutrina brasileira tem se centrado nas decisões judiciais de tribunais brasileiros para identificar a posição nacional sobre imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados. Ainda que tal perspectiva seja essencial, é preciso também investigar a perspectiva do Poder Executivo no tema, especialmente tendo em conta que ela é relevante para qualquer conclusão sobre a posição do Brasil em relação a normas costumeiras internacionais sobre imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados. No presente artigo, buscou-se analisar os pareceres dos Consultores Jurídicos do Itamaraty. Eles servem – ainda que não isoladamente – para identificar a prática e fornecer elementos para a prova da opinio juris. Em um período de cerca de 75 anos, a maioria dos consultores jurídicos se dedicou ao tema. Ao menos três questões exsurgem dos pareceres: a relativização da imunidade de jurisdição, a relação entre direito e política e a separação de poderes. Mais estudos são necessários sobre a prática do Poder Executivo Brasileiro em matéria de imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados. A estabilização do direito da imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados, ainda de caráter acentuadamente costumeiro, depende de uma análise ampla – e não restrita apenas a decisões judiciais – da posição de Estados como o Brasil acerca do tema.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46299037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A human rights-based challenge: the key to unlock the UN’s immunity problem? 基于人权的挑战：解开联合国豁免权问题的钥匙？

Brazilian Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7180

Héloïse Guichardaz

{"title":"A human rights-based challenge: the key to unlock the UN’s immunity problem?","authors":"Héloïse Guichardaz","doi":"10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v18i1.7180","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a human rights challenge to UN immunities has made its way into the doctrine over the years, particularly as more scandals involving the UN came to light. From the lead poisoning of a UN-led camp in Kosovo to the cholera epidemic in Haiti started by infected Nepalese Peacekeepers, the discourse around the extensive immunities international organisations benefit from has led to many discussions around the possible solutions to the plight of the victims. Regarding human rights, it is the right of access to justice that has been identified as a one of the strongest concepts to rally around. Widely recognised in many international and regional texts, and – in theory – defended by human rights court, the right of access to justice has however not been able to truly materialize as a challenger to immunities. Even further analysis based on its potential status as a jus cogens norm has not had much success. The status is still heavily disputed, and the very strength of jus cogens norms in general against immunity has not found unanimity in courts. However, while an overview of the jurisprudence shows a general rejection of a human rights-based challenge of the UN’s immunities, this article refuses to end on a pessimistic conclusion. From doctrinal analyses to dissenting opinions and even some court cases, the recognition of the right of access to justice – whether as a jus cogens norm or not – is starting to make its way in the human rights discourse around the UN’s immunities. While not yet a fully-fledged trend, a pattern of resistance is forming against the majority of the jurisprudence on the issue.","PeriodicalId":37377,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48944665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0