Journal of Motor Learning and Development最新文献_第6页

The Effects of an Associative, Dissociative, Internal, and External Focus of Attention on Running Economy 联想、分离、内部和外部注意力焦点对跑步经济性的影响

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0067

M. Aghdaei, A. Farsi, M. Khalaji, J. Porter

{"title":"The Effects of an Associative, Dissociative, Internal, and External Focus of Attention on Running Economy","authors":"M. Aghdaei, A. Farsi, M. Khalaji, J. Porter","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has been executed to investigate how altering focus of attention impacts performance and feelings of fatigue. Using a within-participant design, the present study examined how an associative and dissociative attentional in addition to an internal and external attentional dimension influenced the running economy of nonprofessional runners. Twelve women (aged 18–30 years old) ran on a treadmill at 70% of their predetermined maximum velocity. Participants ran in four counterbalanced conditions (dissociative-external, dissociative-internal, associative-external, and associative-internal). Average oxygen volume, respiration volume and breathing frequency, heart rate, blood lactate level, and Borg rating of perceived exertion were measured. Our findings revealed when participants adopted a dissociative-external focus of attention, they consumed less oxygen, had lower blood lactate, and a lower rating of perceived exertion compared with trials completed using an associative attention strategy. The findings of this study demonstrate that running economy is improved and feelings of fatigue are lowest when using a combination of a dissociative-external focus of attention.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86548046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A single-session of mindfulness meditation expedites immediate motor memory consolidation to improve wakeful offline learning 一段时间的正念冥想加速了即时运动记忆的巩固，从而改善了清醒时的离线学习

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/9yvw7

James Brown, A. Chatburn, David Wright, M. Immink

{"title":"A single-session of mindfulness meditation expedites immediate motor memory consolidation to improve wakeful offline learning","authors":"James Brown, A. Chatburn, David Wright, M. Immink","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/9yvw7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9yvw7","url":null,"abstract":"Post-training meditation has been shown to promote wakeful motor memory stabilization in experienced meditators. We investigated the effect of single-session mindfulness meditation on wakeful and sleep-dependent forms of implicit motor memory consolidation in mediation naïve adults. Immediately after implicit sequence training, participants (N = 20, 8 females, Mage = 23.9 years ± 3.3) completed either a 10-minute focused attention meditation (N = 10), aiming to direct and sustain attention to breathing, or a control listening task. They were then exposed to interference through novel sequence training. Trained sequence performance was tested following a 5-hour wakeful period and again after a 15-hour period, which included sleep. Bayesian inference was applied to group comparison of mean reaction time (MRT) changes across training, interference, wakeful and post-sleep time points. Relative to control conditions, post-training meditation reduced novel sequence interference (BF10 = 6.61) and improved wakeful motor memory consolidation (BF10 = 8.34). No group differences in sleep consolidation were evident (BF10 = 0.38). These findings illustrate that post-training mindfulness meditation expedites wakeful offline learning of an implicit motor sequence in meditation naïve adults. Interleaving mindfulness meditation between acquisition of a target motor sequence and exposure to an interfering motor sequence reduced proactive and retroactive inference. Post-training mindfulness meditation did not enhance nor inhibit sleep-dependent offline learning of a target implicit motor sequence. Previous meditation training is not required to obtain wakeful consolidation gains from post-training mindfulness meditation.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74623930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Test of Gross Motor Development–3 Validity and Reliability: A Screening Form 大肌肉运动发展测验- 3效度与信度:筛选表

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0061

N. Valentini, G. Nobre, Larissa Wagner Zanella, K. Pereira, M. Albuquerque, M. Rudisill

{"title":"Test of Gross Motor Development–3 Validity and Reliability: A Screening Form","authors":"N. Valentini, G. Nobre, Larissa Wagner Zanella, K. Pereira, M. Albuquerque, M. Rudisill","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Test of Gross Motor Development–3 (TGMD-3) is used to assess locomotor (LOCS) and ball (BS) skills in children. This test provides relevant information for evaluating learning and determining teaching efficacy. However, conducting and coding the test is time consuming. A screening form may improve its usage in specific settings and populations. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a screening form for the TGMD-3-SF and examine its validity and reliability. Method: We assessed 1,192 3-to-10-year-old children; 772 children completed the TGMD-3 and 420 the TGMD-3-SF; 114 children were retested for temporal stability and 300 for criterion validity. Results: We found appropriate results for the two-factors model, LOCS (gallop, hop, and skip) and BS (one-hand strike, kick, and overhand throw), RMSEA = .025, comparative-fit index = .99, and Tukey–Lewis index = .99; internal consistency (LOCS, α = .60; BS, α = .71); item validity (LOCS, r = .43, p < .001; BS, r = .47, p < .001); interrater (ICC = .86–.99), intrarater (ICC = .61–.92), test–retest (LOCS, ICC =.87; BS, ICC = .78) reliability, and concurrent validity (LOCS, r = .89, p < .01; BS, r = .90, p < .001). Conclusions: The TGMD-3-SF is valid and reliable for assessing children’s gross motor development.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89558405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Children’s Changes in Perceptions and Body Composition Following a Family-Based Fitness Intervention 以家庭为基础的健身干预后儿童认知和身体组成的变化

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0051

Alexandra V. Carroll, Shelby J. Foote, C. Wirth, S. Brock, D. Wadsworth

{"title":"Children’s Changes in Perceptions and Body Composition Following a Family-Based Fitness Intervention","authors":"Alexandra V. Carroll, Shelby J. Foote, C. Wirth, S. Brock, D. Wadsworth","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0051","url":null,"abstract":"Physical fitness is associated with decreased weight in children, which helps improve youth obesity rates. Family programs can provide practical approaches to improving physical fitness for children. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a family-based fitness intervention on changes in body composition, fitness status, and perceptions of obese children. Families attended exercise and education sessions for 60–90 min once per week for 10 weeks. Participants consisted of 10 children who participated in semi-structured interviews, body composition, and fitness assessments at pre- and posttest. Following the intervention, results showed that children had a significant increase in sit-ups (p = .03, effect size = 0.79), lean mass (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.95), and bone mineral content (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.46). Using thematic analysis, four main themes emerged from the pre- and postintervention interviews: an increase in after-school and weekend intentional physical fitness, rules regarding sedentary behavior and screen time, more prevalent physical fitness reinforcements, and a shift in perception of exercise. Results from this study indicate a family-based intervention had an influence on children’s appreciation for and engagement in physical fitness, as well as healthy body composition and fitness outcomes.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79786233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a Backswing Developmental Sequence for the Overarm Throw for Force 验证后挥拍发展序列的上臂抛力

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0064

Bradley Beseler, K. Williams, Mandy S. Plumb

{"title":"Validation of a Backswing Developmental Sequence for the Overarm Throw for Force","authors":"Bradley Beseler, K. Williams, Mandy S. Plumb","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Roberton’s movement components are used to assess fundamental motor skills as segmental developmental sequences. In 1991, Haywood, Williams and VanSant determined that original developmental sequences proposed for the backswing levels of the overarm throw did not encompass all ages. Their study of older throwers identified two new qualitatively different levels, with half the participants categorized at two new levels. This investigation extended the initial validation across a wider age range. Method: Two hundred and twenty-eight primary, high school, university students, and adults were instructed to make five throws for maximum force using their dominant hand. Throws were recorded with side and rear cameras synchronized for analysis. Prelongitudinal screening was used to analyze the Haywood et al. revisions of the Langendorfer developmental sequence. Results: Five of the six levels of Haywood’s sequence were suitable for assessing throwers 8 years of age through to adulthood. More study is needed of one less advanced pattern. Lower level throws corresponded to lower velocities; higher level throws were faster, suggesting the sequence was properly ordered. More males than females were classified at higher levels, demonstrating typical gender differences. Discussion: The categories hypothesized for the backswing action of the overarm throw were valid descriptors of differences observed across ages, from childhood to adulthood. Additional study of Levels 3 and 4 is warranted to clarify their order.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90667386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Role of Physical Fitness on the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity: Mediator or Moderator? 体适能在运动能力与身体活动关系中的作用:中介还是调节?

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0070

V. Lopes, L. Rodrigues

{"title":"The Role of Physical Fitness on the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity: Mediator or Moderator?","authors":"V. Lopes, L. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mechanisms associated with engaging in physical activity (PA) is crucial for its promotion. The aim was to analyze the relationship between motor competence (MC) and PA and the role of physical fitness (PF). Participants were N = 1,064 children of both sexes (n = 530 girls) and 7.87 ± 1.17 years of age. MC was assessed with KörperkoordinationTest für Kinder. PF was assessed with 50-yard dash, 1-mile run/walk, and standing long jump. PA was assessed with a questionnaire. Mediation and moderation were determined according to Baron and Kenny using Sobel test for indirect effect and using PROCESS (version 3.4). Mediation results showed perfect mediation in girls but not in boys and not when all participants were included in the analysis. The linear moderation was significant for all participants and for boys and girls apart. However, the results of conditional effects of MC at the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentile of the PF, which became significant at the 50th percentile for all participants and for boys, were not significant in girls. In conclusion, perfect mediation seems to exist in girls but not in boys. In boys, the relationship between MC and PA seems conditioned by the PF levels.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91100653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Effect of Landmarks With Their Color on Learning Basketball Lay-Up in Beginners 彩色地标对初学者篮球上篮学习的影响

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0034

Razieh Raeisiyan, B. Abdoli, A. Farsi, H. Hassanlouei

引用次数: 1

Hand Movements in Communicative and Noncommunicative Situations in Very Young Infants: A Preliminary Study 幼儿在交际和非交际情境下的手部运动:初步研究

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/JMLD.2020-0005

E. Somogyi, L. Salomon, J. Fagard

{"title":"Hand Movements in Communicative and Noncommunicative Situations in Very Young Infants: A Preliminary Study","authors":"E. Somogyi, L. Salomon, J. Fagard","doi":"10.1123/JMLD.2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/JMLD.2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"As a step toward understanding the developmental relationship between handedness and language lateralization, this longitudinal study investigated how infants (N = 21) move their hands in noncommunicative and communicative situations at 2 weeks and at 3 months of age. The authors looked at whether left-right asymmetry in hand movements and in duration of self-touch appeared across conditions and whether the direction of asymmetry depended on the communicative nature of the situation. The authors found that asymmetries appeared less consistently than suggested in literature and did not only depend on the communicative nature of the situation. Instead, hand activity and self-touch patterns depended on age, the presence of the mother, the degree of novelty of the situation, and the presence of an object. The results partly support previous studies that pointed out an early differentiation of communicative hand movements versus noncommunicative ones in infants. It is in terms of the amount of global hand activity, rather than in those of the laterality of hand movements that this differentiation emerged in this study. At 3 months, infants moved their hands more in the communicative conditions than in the noncommunicative conditions and this difference appeared as a tendency already at 2 weeks of age.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85728745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Construct Validity and Reliability of the Revised Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) Gaits and Stations Measures 构建修正后的身体和神经系统细微体征检查(PANESS)步态和站姿测量的效度和信度

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/JMLD.2020-0027

Ghazala T. Saleem, Jeanne Langan, Jacob I. McPherson, B. Slomine, E. M. Mahone, M. Denckla, S. Suskauer

{"title":"Construct Validity and Reliability of the Revised Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) Gaits and Stations Measures","authors":"Ghazala T. Saleem, Jeanne Langan, Jacob I. McPherson, B. Slomine, E. M. Mahone, M. Denckla, S. Suskauer","doi":"10.1123/JMLD.2020-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/JMLD.2020-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To facilitate precise diagnosis and provide tailored treatment of postural anomalies in the pediatric population, appropriate assessments are essential. In light of the multicomponent structure of postural control, understanding underlying constructs of an assessment is valuable in selecting and interpreting assessments. This study investigates the construct validity of the Gaits and Stations variables in the Revised Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs, a measure used to evaluate standing postural control in youth with mild neurological deficits. Methods: Data were included from 350 healthy participants ages 10–19 years old. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed. Individual loadings of ≥0.4 were used for factor designation. Results: Three latent factors were identified and labeled, based on evidence, as dynamic stability, movement strategies/coordination, and underlying motor systems—musculoskeletal strength. Conclusions: These brief, easily administered Gaits and Stations measures of the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs facilitate evaluation of three constructs of standing postural control relevant to youth with mild neuromotor impairments. This information will potentially assist in clinical practice to identify youth with postural control deficits and establish developmentally appropriate interventions and in research to refine understanding of pathology and the impact on components of postural control.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Overarm Throwing in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder 有与无发育协调障碍儿童翻臂投掷的定性与定量评价

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0056

N. Schott, N. Getchell

{"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Overarm Throwing in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder","authors":"N. Schott, N. Getchell","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2020-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) frequently have difficulties performing gross motor skills such as the overarm throw. Our study examines the differences in both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of overarm throwing for accuracy between typically developing (TD) and children with DCD. Methods: A total of 74 children (36 females/38 males) aged between 7 and 11 years, participated in this study. The authors used the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—second edition to assess motor impairment. In total, 37 (50%) met the criteria for DCD. Each participant completed 10 overarm throws for accuracy at a target. The authors assessed movement quality using the component approach (Roberton & Halverson, 1984) and quantity using target accuracy. Results: The analyses revealed significantly lower throwing accuracy in DCD versus TD children. Children with DCD also demonstrated fewer component combinations and lower developmental levels than their TD peers. Finally, product scores tracked with process scores. Discussion: Both qualitative and quantitative measures clearly showed that children with DCD are at a disadvantage in controlling a ball during overarm throwing. They used stability profiles that limited coordination variability. TD participants performed more combinations of higher developmental levels to achieve more accurate throws, suggesting they controlled variability to optimize the accuracy of their throws.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2