Journal of Motor Learning and Development最新文献_第5页

The Effect of Large Visual Illusion and External Focus of Attention on Gaze Behavior and Learning of Dart Throw Skill 大视错觉和外部注意焦点对注视行为和掷飞镖技能学习的影响

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0043

Somayeh Bahrami, B. Abdoli, A. Farsi, M. Aghdaei, Thomas Simpson

{"title":"The Effect of Large Visual Illusion and External Focus of Attention on Gaze Behavior and Learning of Dart Throw Skill","authors":"Somayeh Bahrami, B. Abdoli, A. Farsi, M. Aghdaei, Thomas Simpson","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that large visual illusions and an external focus of attention can improve novice’s motor learning. However, the combined effects of these approaches and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be studied. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of a large visual illusion and an external focus on the learning of a dart throwing task in novices and measured the perceptual mechanisms underpinning learning using quiet eye. Forty novice participants were randomly divided into four groups: large visual illusion, external focus of attention, combined large visual illusion and external focus of attention, and control group. The study consisted of a pretest, a practice phase, an immediate retention test, a 24-hr retention test, and a transfer test. Results revealed that all groups increased throwing accuracy and quiet eye duration from pretest to immediate retention. In the immediate retention, 24-hr retention, and transfer test, large visual illusion had greater accuracy and longer quiet eye duration than the control group. In addition, there were no significant differences between the visual illusion and external focus groups for throwing accuracy and quiet eye duration. The findings suggest that combining large visual illusion and external focus can independently improve motor learning but combining these manipulations does not have additive benefits.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82533293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Commentary on Whitall and Colleagues’ 2020 Article “Motor Development Research: II. The First Two Decades of the 21st Century Shaping Our Future” 惠特尔等人2020年文章《运动发展研究:2》述评二十一世纪头二十年塑造我们的未来

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0009

C. Gabbard

引用次数: 0

Effects of Task Constraints on Countermovement Jump Kinematics Following a Short-Term Training 短期训练后任务约束对反动作跳跃运动学的影响

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0040

Amirhossein Emamian, Alireza Hashemi Oskouei, Rasoul Azreh, Kevin M Carroll

{"title":"Effects of Task Constraints on Countermovement Jump Kinematics Following a Short-Term Training","authors":"Amirhossein Emamian, Alireza Hashemi Oskouei, Rasoul Azreh, Kevin M Carroll","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0040","url":null,"abstract":"In previous studies, the acute effects of movement constraints on the countermovement jump performance are investigated; however, the longitudinal effects of implementing the constraint in a training regimen are not well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of motor learning development due to application of task constraint in a training regimen following 6 weeks of training. Forty-five healthy adult males were randomly assigned to a control or one of two experimental constraint training groups (i.e., no arm swing or restricted knee flexion). Pre- and posttraining jump height and kinematic variables of six maximum effort countermovement jumps were compared longitudinally within the groups, and also compared between the groups. The findings of this study indicated that jump height significantly increased in all the groups while in the unrestricted control group it was increased greater than the experimental conditions (21% compared with 12% and 5.5%). However, the applied task constraints significantly improved some of the contributors to jump performance, establishing specific adaptation of kinematic variables to the constraint training. Therefore, constraint training approach could be suggested in case of demanding specific adaptation of kinematic variables of countermovement jump in a training regimen.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73397819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness Are Key Correlates of Tactical Soccer Skill in Grassroots Soccer Players Aged 8–14 Years 8 ~ 14岁基层足球运动员基本动作技能和身体素质是战术足球技能的关键相关因素

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0061

M. Duncan, N. Clarke, Lee Bolt, Emma L. J. Eyre, C. Roscoe

{"title":"Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness Are Key Correlates of Tactical Soccer Skill in Grassroots Soccer Players Aged 8–14 Years","authors":"M. Duncan, N. Clarke, Lee Bolt, Emma L. J. Eyre, C. Roscoe","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0061","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and twenty-one children (58 boys and 63 girls) aged 8–14 years (mean ± SD = 12 ± 1 years) who were regularly engaged in grassroots soccer participated in this study. Participants undertook assessments of fundamental movement skill (FMS) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, perceived ability using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children, physical fitness via 15-m sprint time, standing long jump distance, and technical skill using the university of Ghent dribbling test. The Procedural Tactical Knowledge Test was employed as a measure of tactical skill from which metrics for positioning and movement and recognizing spaces were derived. Maturation was determined from anthropometric measures. Analysis of covariance examined gender differences in tactical skills accounting for FMS, fitness, perceived ability, technical skill, maturation, and age. Results indicated no significant differences in tactical skills between boys and girls (p > .05). For recognizing spaces, 56% of the variance was explained with FMS (p = .001), physical fitness (p = .02), and technical skill (p = .02) contributing to the model. For positioning and movement, a significant model explained 55% of the variance in this element of tactical behavior with FMS (p = .002) and technical skill (p = .02) significantly contributing to the model.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84732964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Low Prevalence of A Priori Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research 先验功率分析在运动行为研究中的应用较少

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0042

B. McKay, Abbey Corson, Mary-Anne Vinh, Gianna Jeyarajan, Chitrini Tandon, Hugh Brooks, Julie Hubley, Michael J. Carter

{"title":"Low Prevalence of A Priori Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research","authors":"B. McKay, Abbey Corson, Mary-Anne Vinh, Gianna Jeyarajan, Chitrini Tandon, Hugh Brooks, Julie Hubley, Michael J. Carter","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"A priori power analyses can ensure studies are unlikely to miss interesting effects. Recent metascience has suggested that kinesiology research may be underpowered and selectively reported. Here, we examined whether power analyses are being used to ensure informative studies in motor behavior. We reviewed every article published in three motor behavior journals between January 2019 and June 2021. Power analyses were reported in 13% of studies (k = 636) that tested a hypothesis. No study targeted the smallest effect size of interest. Most studies with a power analysis relied on estimates from previous experiments, pilot studies, or benchmarks to determine the effect size of interest. Studies without a power analysis reported support for their main hypothesis 85% of the time, while studies with a power analysis found support 76% of the time. The median sample sizes were n = 17.5 without a power analysis and n = 16 with a power analysis, suggesting the typical study design was underpowered for all but the largest plausible effect size. At present, power analyses are not being used to optimize the informativeness of motor behavior research. Adoption of this widely recommended practice may greatly enhance the credibility of the motor behavior literature.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Applying the Principles of Motor Learning in Preventative Programs of Overuse Injuries in Young Athletes: A Scoping Review 在青少年运动员过度使用损伤预防项目中应用运动学习原则:范围回顾

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0031

M. Shafizadeh, Shahab Parvinpour, W. Schöllhorn, Andrew Barnes

{"title":"Applying the Principles of Motor Learning in Preventative Programs of Overuse Injuries in Young Athletes: A Scoping Review","authors":"M. Shafizadeh, Shahab Parvinpour, W. Schöllhorn, Andrew Barnes","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to review the scope of overuse injury prevention programs in young players through the lens of application of motor learning principles. From 280 studies found in the initial search, 13 studies were selected based on a series of inclusion criteria. The selected studies were categorized based on the type of intervention resulting in multicomponent (two studies), Fédération Internationale de Football Association 11+ (five studies), neuromuscular training (two studies), Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Assessment and Research Center (two studies), educational (one study), and stability (one study). The studies that had an effective preventative role to reduce overuse injuries applied some principles of motor learning to their intervention, such as contextual interference, variability of practice, task constraints, the power law of practice, transfer of learning, and explicit methods. There is a gap in the literature related to explicit applications of motor learning principles in the design of preventative interventions for overuse injury.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73425851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequence Learning in an Online Serial Reaction Time Task: The Effect of Task Instructions 在线连续反应时间任务中的顺序学习:任务指示的影响

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0064

Jaskanwaljeet Kaur, R. Balasubramaniam

{"title":"Sequence Learning in an Online Serial Reaction Time Task: The Effect of Task Instructions","authors":"Jaskanwaljeet Kaur, R. Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0064","url":null,"abstract":"The serial reaction time task (SRTT) is commonly used to study motor learning and memory. The task is traditionally administered in a lab setting with participants responding via button box or keyboard to targets on a screen. By comparing response times of sequential versus random trials and accuracy across sequential trials, different forms of learning can be studied. The present study utilized an online version of the SRTT to study the effects of instructions on learning. Participants were randomly assigned to an explicit learning condition (with instructions to learn the visual sequence and associated tone) or an implicit learning condition (without instructions). Stimuli in both learning conditions were presented in two phases: auditory and visual (training phase), followed by auditory only (testing phase). Results indicated that learning occurred in both training and testing phases, as shown by a significant decrease in response times. There was no significant main effect of learning condition (explicit or implicit) on sequence learning. This suggests that providing explicit instructions does not seem to influence sequence learning in the SRTT learning paradigm. Future online studies utilizing the SRTT should explore varying task instructions in a parametric manner to better understand cognitive processes that underlie sequence learning.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90181789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Practice Schedules Affect How Learners Correct Their Errors: Secondary Analysis From a Contextual Interference Study 练习计划影响学习者纠正错误的方式:来自上下文干扰研究的二次分析

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0021

Sarah Taylor, B. Fawver, Joseph L. Thomas, A. M. Williams, K. Lohse

{"title":"Practice Schedules Affect How Learners Correct Their Errors: Secondary Analysis From a Contextual Interference Study","authors":"Sarah Taylor, B. Fawver, Joseph L. Thomas, A. M. Williams, K. Lohse","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Contextual interference is an established phenomenon in learning research; random practice schedules are associated with poorer performance, but superior learning, compared with blocked practice schedules. We present a secondary analysis of N = 84 healthy young adults, replicating the contextual interference effect in a time estimation task. We used the determinant of a correlation matrix to measure the amount of order in participant responses. We calculated this determinant in different phase spaces: trial space, the determinant of the previous five trials (lagged constant error 0–4); and target space, the determinant of the previous five trials of the same target. In trial space, there was no significant difference between groups (p = .98) and no Group × Lag interaction (p = .54), although there was an effect of Lag (p < .01). In target space, there were effects of Group (p = .02), Lag (p < .01), and a Group × Lag interaction (p = .03). Ultimately, randomly scheduled practice was associated with adaptive corrections but positive correlations between errors from trial to trial (e.g., overshoots followed by smaller overshoots). Blocked practice was associated with more adaptive corrections but uncorrelated responses. Our findings suggest that random practice leads to the retrieval and updating of the target from memory, facilitating long-term retention and transfer.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76107457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a Follow-Through Developmental Sequence for the Overarm Throw for Force in University Students 大学生上臂抛力的随贯发展顺序的验证

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0010

Bradley Beseler, Christopher Mesagno, M. Spittle, N. Johnson, Jack Harvey, S. Talpey, Mandy S. Plumb

{"title":"Validation of a Follow-Through Developmental Sequence for the Overarm Throw for Force in University Students","authors":"Bradley Beseler, Christopher Mesagno, M. Spittle, N. Johnson, Jack Harvey, S. Talpey, Mandy S. Plumb","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the follow-through on thrown ball velocity, potentially justifying inclusion of the follow-through in Roberton’s five critical components. Method: Seventy-eight University students participated in the overarm, dominant hand, throwing task, which involved throwing a standard tennis ball with maximum force three times. Each throw was filmed by two cameras placed behind and to the open side of the thrower to assess the throwing technique. The velocity of the throws was recorded with a radar gun. Results: Results indicated that, after accounting for the effects of gender, age, and throwing experience, there was a significant effect of follow-through level on throw velocity. Analysis of covariance also revealed a significant gender effect, with males throwing significantly faster than females. Results indicated the follow-through had the second largest impact on thrown ball velocity of all six components. Discussion: These findings provide preliminary support that the follow-through should be added to Roberton’s developmental levels. The inclusion of the follow-through component could assist teachers and coaches to facilitate learner and athlete development and could also improve the accuracy of throwing development assessment.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77428585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Dynamic Balancing Performance of Synchronized Ice Skaters With Sudden Provocation Test via Principal Component Analysis 用主成分分析法评价速滑运动员的动平衡性能

IF 1.3

Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0059

Zsófia Pálya, B. Petró, R. Kiss

{"title":"Assessment of Dynamic Balancing Performance of Synchronized Ice Skaters With Sudden Provocation Test via Principal Component Analysis","authors":"Zsófia Pálya, B. Petró, R. Kiss","doi":"10.1123/jmld.2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Balancing performance can be affected by regular and high-level athletic training, which has not been fully explored in synchronized ice skaters. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic balancing performance by assessing the principal and compensatory movements performed during the sudden provocation tests and evaluating the parameters that characterize the platform’s motion. Method: Twelve young female synchronized ice skaters and 12 female age-matched controls participated. Sudden provocation tests were completed three times in bipedal stance and in single-leg stances, and sport-specific fatigue session was inserted between the repetitions. Results: Significantly more time was necessary to recover balance for both groups after the fatiguing sessions (p < .05). Interestingly, skaters performed less effectively in the simplest condition (bipedal stance) than the control group (p < .05). The principal component analysis showed that the first principal movement was the same for both groups. The skater group used the upper body and arms more often to compensate, while the control group’s recovery strategy consisted mainly of abduction of the elevated leg. The damping ratio and the relative variance of the first principal movement showed a negative correlation (p < .05), suggesting that those with superior balancing effectiveness recruited more compensatory movements.","PeriodicalId":37368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Learning and Development","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0