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Evaluating the Fluted Points from Spring Lake, Texas: A Geometric Morphometric Shape Analysis of Clovis Affinity 德克萨斯州斯普林湖长笛点的评价：三叶草亲和性的几何形态分析
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728
Heather L. Smith, Amy E. Reid
{"title":"Evaluating the Fluted Points from Spring Lake, Texas: A Geometric Morphometric Shape Analysis of Clovis Affinity","authors":"Heather L. Smith, Amy E. Reid","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2090728","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Spring Lake Site (41HY160) in San Marcos, located along the Balcones Escarpment in central Texas, produced fluted points that appear diagnostic of Clovis technology as well as ice-age megafauna remains. Unfortunately, these materials were recovered in what appears to be mixed deposits within the lake itself. For over 40 years, researchers have hypothesized that the points represent Clovis technology and presence at the site. We use a two-dimensional landmark approach to geometric morphometric shape analysis to test the typological context of the artifacts against a dataset of well-dated Clovis point specimens. We examine whether they fall within a morphological range of variation in planview shape documented in point assemblages from Clovis sites organized geographically into the Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast regions. Results suggest that the Spring Lake points possess particular affinity in shape to Clovis points found in the Southwest region.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"340 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48328428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Naco Clovis Site: Old Excavations and New Dates 纳科克洛维斯遗址：旧发掘和新日期
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903
B. Huckell, C. Haynes, V. Holliday, G. Hodgins, L. Huckell, G. Watkinson
{"title":"The Naco Clovis Site: Old Excavations and New Dates","authors":"B. Huckell, C. Haynes, V. Holliday, G. Hodgins, L. Huckell, G. Watkinson","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2058903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archival research demonstrates that a previously unpublished second season of excavations took place at the Naco Clovis site in 1953, more than doubling the extent of the excavated area and revealing additional bones pertaining to a second mammoth. In 2020 small pieces of charcoal were found in sediment adhering to the distal fragment of a mammoth ulna from the Naco site. The bone was part of a 2011 donation to the Arizona State Museum by David Navarrete, grandson and nephew of the original discoverers of the site. Three AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from individual wood charcoal fragments, and two more on a sample of multiple charcoal flecks. The first three have a weighted mean of 10,985 ± 56 14C yr BP (13,067–12,767 cal yr BP), fitting within the range of Clovis ages obtained from other Clovis sites; the other two ages are younger.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"215 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49409361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon 俄勒冈州康利4号洞穴遗留藏品中西方Stemmed工具包的年代测定和分析
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132
Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, J. Holcomb, Pamela E. Endzweig, D. Jenkins
{"title":"Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon","authors":"Richard L. Rosencrance, Katelyn N. McDonough, J. Holcomb, Pamela E. Endzweig, D. Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2088132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigations to provide a detailed narrative of the excavations and more thoroughly report the Western Stemmed materials. We identify and date two Early Holocene and late Pleistocene cultural features and recharacterize the lithic assemblage. Our results suggest that Bedwell’s oldest date is aberrant and current evidence for the earliest occupations spans the Younger Dryas. This study provides new information, resolves long-standing questions about Bedwell’s assumptions and methodologies, and facilitates the incorporation of the collection into on-going Western Stemmed research in the northern Great Basin.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"264 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Diversity and Paleoecology of the Zone 3 Late Pleistocene Vertebrates at Kincaid Shelter (41UV2), Central Texas, USA 美国德克萨斯州中部Kincaid Shelter (41UV2) 3带晚更新世脊椎动物多样性与古生态
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134
E. Johnson, J. Moretti
{"title":"Diversity and Paleoecology of the Zone 3 Late Pleistocene Vertebrates at Kincaid Shelter (41UV2), Central Texas, USA","authors":"E. Johnson, J. Moretti","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2075134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kincaid Shelter (Uvalde County, Texas) contains a sequence of vertebrate and cultural remains spanning from the late Pleistocene to Historic. Kincaid Shelter perhaps is best known for its Paleoindian component, including a cobblestone floor interpreted as a Clovis habitation surface. Zone 3 lacustrine sediments are beneath that cobblestone floor and yielded a diverse late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. Recovered in 1948, the assemblage has never been formally studied or described. The current analysis focuses on the composition, paleoecology, and taphonomy of the Zone 3 faunal assemblage to establish and clarify this important late Pleistocene record. Sixteen vertebrate taxa are represented. Large mammals predominate, but reptiles, including American alligator, and a bird also occur. The presence of Bison antiquus and Panthera atrox indicate a late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age) age for the faunal assemblage. The Zone 3 faunal composition is typical of latest Pleistocene faunas from the Great Plains and supports an interpretation of a grassland biome.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"228 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60043988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Huentelauquén coastal groups in the Andean highlands? An assessment of human occupations of the Early Holocene in Salar de Pedernales, Chile (26°S, 3356 masl) 安第斯高地的huentelauquachan沿海群体?智利Salar de Pedernales(26°S, 3356 masl)早全新世人类活动的评估
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833
P. López, C. Carrasco, Rodrigo Loyola, V. Flores‐Aqueveque, A. Maldonado, Francisca Santana-Sagredo, Víctor Méndez, Pablo Díaz, Daniel Varas, Angélica Soto
{"title":"Huentelauquén coastal groups in the Andean highlands? An assessment of human occupations of the Early Holocene in Salar de Pedernales, Chile (26°S, 3356 masl)","authors":"P. López, C. Carrasco, Rodrigo Loyola, V. Flores‐Aqueveque, A. Maldonado, Francisca Santana-Sagredo, Víctor Méndez, Pablo Díaz, Daniel Varas, Angélica Soto","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present new evidence obtained in archaeological surveys in Quebrada Pedernales (3356 masl), in the southern puna of Chile (26°S; 69°W). A series of surface findings such as large lanceolate stemmed projectile points and geometric stones, together with chronostratigraphic and artifactual data recovered in excavations at the Pedernales-38 site, suggest that the coastal Huentelauquén groups explored and inhabited the Andean highlands between 10,151 and 9695 cal yr BP. The archaeological record is discussed as it relates to the known evidence for this cultural complex, recognized principally on the Pacific coast. The archaeological findings allow us to broaden the diversity of environments exploited by coastal populations of the Early Holocene, and provide new data on their mobility and settlement strategies.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"253 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44202861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Sites in the Americas with Possible or Probable Evidence for the Butchering of Proboscideans 美洲有可能或可能屠宰长鼻虫的证据的地点
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834
G. Haynes
{"title":"Sites in the Americas with Possible or Probable Evidence for the Butchering of Proboscideans","authors":"G. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Proboscideans may have been important prey for Pleistocene foragers in the Americas. Dozens of proboscidean sites have been claimed to show evidence of human involvement dating to MIS 3 or in a few cases even earlier. Summaries are provided here for >70 sites. Also presented are discussions of patterns and variability in the claims. Suggestive traces of human use of carcasses such as associated stone tools or butchering marks vary from few or none in the oldest sites to relatively many in the latest (Clovis-era) sites. Evidence to distinguish scavenging from killing is not clear in most cases, but cut marks on bones in a few sites indicate that fully fleshed carcasses were butchered before carnivores stripped meat. Only one assemblage contains a bone with a possible weapon tip fragment embedded in it, a kind of find that is also rare in Eurasian mammoth sites. The oldest sites in the Americas are notably different from Old World assemblages, including those dating >1 Ma.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"187 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43214381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Reply to “Evidence for Humans at White Sands National Park during the Last Glacial Maximum Could Actually be for Clovis People ∼13,000 Years Ago” by C. Vance Haynes, Jr. C.Vance Haynes，Jr.对“上一次冰川盛期白沙国家公园人类的证据实际上可能是大约13000年前的克洛维斯人”的回复。
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863
J. Pigati, Kathleen B. Springer, V. Holliday, M. Bennett, D. Bustos, T. Urban, S. Reynolds, Daniel Odess
{"title":"Reply to “Evidence for Humans at White Sands National Park during the Last Glacial Maximum Could Actually be for Clovis People ∼13,000 Years Ago” by C. Vance Haynes, Jr.","authors":"J. Pigati, Kathleen B. Springer, V. Holliday, M. Bennett, D. Bustos, T. Urban, S. Reynolds, Daniel Odess","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2039863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bennett et al. (2021, Science 373, 1528–1531) reported that ancient human footprints discovered in White Sands National Park, New Mexico date to between ∼23,000 and 21,000 years ago. Haynes (2022, PaleoAmerica, this issue) proposes two alternate hypotheses to explain the antiquity of the footprints. One is that they were made by humans crossing over older sediments sometime during the Holocene. This is incorrect as there are Pleistocene megafauna tracks interspersed with the human footprints, so they cannot be Holocene in age. The other hypothesis maintains seeds used to date the human footprints were exhumed from older sediments, transported across the Tularosa Basin, and deposited on moist ground that was traversed by Clovis people at ∼13,000 years ago. This scenario requires a series of events that are highly unlikely, if not impossible. We maintain the seeds were collected from their original depositional context and the ages of the footprints fall within the Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"99 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Recycled Fishtail Points in the Argentinian Pampa: Everyday Tools on Distinctive Paleoamerican Objects? 阿根廷潘帕草原的回收鱼尾点:独特的古美洲物品上的日常工具?
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057029
Celeste Weitzel, Natalia Mazzia, Salomón Hocsman, Franco Pazzi, Nora Flegenheimer
{"title":"Recycled Fishtail Points in the Argentinian Pampa: Everyday Tools on Distinctive Paleoamerican Objects?","authors":"Celeste Weitzel, Natalia Mazzia, Salomón Hocsman, Franco Pazzi, Nora Flegenheimer","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the case of recycled Fishtail points from a late Pleistocene site in the Pampean Tandilia ranges, Argentina. Detailed descriptions of the recycled tools are integrated with previous breakage and fatty-acids analysis. We assess if the practice of recycling was related to a specific task, a conservative strategy, functional reasons, and if other non-economic reasons may have played a significant role. Results show a marked selection of certain fragments to manufacture burin-like tools and a few other tool types. We propose that recycling of Fishtail points played a role in making and repairing weapons, and that different factors must be considered to explain the reasons behind this practice.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"130 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Untyped Paleoindian Lanceolate Projectile Points in the Upper Roanoke River Basin at Smith Mountain Gap, Virginia 弗吉尼亚州史密斯山口上罗阿诺克河流域未分类的古印第安人披针形抛射点
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902
William A. Childress
{"title":"Untyped Paleoindian Lanceolate Projectile Points in the Upper Roanoke River Basin at Smith Mountain Gap, Virginia","authors":"William A. Childress","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2058902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper documents a previously unrecognized Paleoindian presence in the Upper Roanoke drainage (UR) defined by a series of unfluted Early Narrow Lanceolate points (ENLs), some of which resemble Plano types from regions to the west and the northeast. The context of the recoveries is briefly described and discriminant analysis is applied to distinguish ENL forms, as a group, from possible pre-Clovis Early Triangular Lanceolates (ETLs) also found at Smith Mountain and Middle Archaic Guilford Lanceolates, which are common throughout the Piedmont Southeast including the Roanoke drainage. An additional metric study based on plan and sectional landmark ratios of Upper Roanoke ENL forms is used for initial morphometric comparisons to similar, lower Middle Atlantic early lanceolates and Plano types from the American West and Northeast in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Paleoindian Program collection.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"102 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Section: Paleoindian Archaeology of the Tennessee Valley 特别部分简介:田纳西河谷的古印第安考古
PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030
J. Jones
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Section: Paleoindian Archaeology of the Tennessee Valley","authors":"J. Jones","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2022.2057030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Perspectives on the Paleoindian occupation of the unglaciated eastern United States have changed significantly in the last 25 years. Historically, the Midsouth riverine region has been described as consisting of few true sites but many isolated projectile points, with Paleoindians rarely participating in the behaviors that produce sites. Due to the efforts of individuals such as Charles M. Hubbert, however, we know this is no longer a tenable interpretation. In this perspective, the author provides a brief overview of the influence of Hubbert and places his career within a historical context. Hubbert spent much of his career working in the Tennessee Valley, and the papers in this special section highlight new research efforts in the Tennessee Valley and Midsouth. The author also introduces the set of three papers that make up this special section of this issue of PaleoAmerica.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":"8 1","pages":"145 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42622565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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