美洲有可能或可能屠宰长鼻虫的证据的地点

IF 1.6 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI:10.1080/20555563.2022.2057834

G. Haynes

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引用次数: 5

摘要

摘要长鼻目动物可能是美洲更新世觅食动物的重要猎物。数十个长鼻部位被声称显示出人类参与MIS 3的证据，在少数情况下甚至更早。此处提供了70多个站点的摘要。还介绍了对索赔的模式和可变性的讨论。人类使用尸体的痕迹，如相关的石器或屠宰痕迹，在最古老的遗址中很少或没有，在最新的（克洛维斯时代）遗址中相对较多。在大多数情况下，区分清除和杀戮的证据尚不清楚，但一些地方骨头上的切割痕迹表明，在食肉动物剥肉之前，已经屠宰了全肉的尸体。只有一个组合体中有一块骨头，里面可能嵌有武器尖端碎片，这种发现在欧亚猛犸象遗址中也很罕见。美洲最古老的遗址与旧世界的组合明显不同，包括那些年代>1 Ma的遗址。

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Sites in the Americas with Possible or Probable Evidence for the Butchering of Proboscideans

ABSTRACT Proboscideans may have been important prey for Pleistocene foragers in the Americas. Dozens of proboscidean sites have been claimed to show evidence of human involvement dating to MIS 3 or in a few cases even earlier. Summaries are provided here for >70 sites. Also presented are discussions of patterns and variability in the claims. Suggestive traces of human use of carcasses such as associated stone tools or butchering marks vary from few or none in the oldest sites to relatively many in the latest (Clovis-era) sites. Evidence to distinguish scavenging from killing is not clear in most cases, but cut marks on bones in a few sites indicate that fully fleshed carcasses were butchered before carnivores stripped meat. Only one assemblage contains a bone with a possible weapon tip fragment embedded in it, a kind of find that is also rare in Eurasian mammoth sites. The oldest sites in the Americas are notably different from Old World assemblages, including those dating >1 Ma.

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来源期刊

PaleoAmerica Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： PaleoAmerica disseminates new research results and ideas about early human dispersal and migrations, with a particular focus on the Americas. It fosters an interdisciplinary dialog between archaeologists, geneticists and other scientists investigating the dispersal of modern humans during the late Pleistocene. The journal has three goals: First and foremost, the journal is a vehicle for the presentation of new research results. Second, it includes editorials on special topics written by leaders in the field. Third, the journal solicits essays covering current debates in the field, the state of research in relevant disciplines, and summaries of new research findings in a particular region, for example Beringia, the Eastern Seaboard or the Southern Cone of South America. Although the journal’s focus is the peopling of the Americas, editorials and research essays also highlight the investigation of early human colonization of empty lands in other areas of the world. As techniques are developing so rapidly, work in other regions can be very relevant to the Americas, so the journal will publish research relating to other regions which has relevance to research on the Americas.