British Journal of Environment and Climate Change最新文献

{"title":"Microalgae Assisted Bioremediation of Landfill Leachate Using a Biocoil Reactor: Evaluation of Operational Conditions Using Taguchi Experimental Design","authors":"C. Reis, C. Loures, H. F. Castro, P. Rós, J. C. Santos, H. I. Filho, M. B. Silva","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/29831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/29831","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of organic matter present in low-value effluents, such as landfill leachate, for cultivation of microorganisms exhibit an opportunity for low-cost cell growth while reducing the pollutants in the residue. The feasibility of reducing the organic load and toxic leachate through microalgal cultivation, using Chlorella sp., was investigated using a biocoil reactor. Operating conditions, as temperature, residence time, and illumination cycle were evaluated as control factors, and the responses in reduction of organic matter, turbidity, and metals present in the leachate were assessed. Statistical experimental design and analysis were performed using a Taguchi L4 array, and results show removal rates of TOC in 60%, COD in 68%, turbidity and boron contents in 98%, and a complete removal of iron.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Domestic Cold Water Systems","authors":"R. Beattie, D. Kane","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/23726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/23726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132524671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrobiological Assessment of the High Mountain Kolsay Lakes (Kungey Alatau, Southeastern Kazakhstan) Ecosystems in Climatic Gradient","authors":"E. Krupa, S. Barinova, S. Romanova, A. B. Malybekov","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/26496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/26496","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the ecological status of the Kolsay high mountain lakes according to their hydrochemical parameters and structure of phytoplankton communities and reveal the altitude climatic condition impact. Study Design: We implemented bio-indication and diverse statistical methods, which represent some new approaches in freshwater algal diversity analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel, Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education and Science, Almaty, Kazakhstan, between August 2015 and April 2016. Methodology: We collected 20 samples of phytoplankton in August 2015 from four ultrafresh high mountain Kolsay lakes, located at the altitude of 1829-3170 meters above sea level in the Kungey Alatau, Southeastern Kazakhstan in gradients of climatic and environmental variables that we analyzed. Bio-indication and statistical methods for the ABC Method, Shannon-Weaver index, and WESI index (Water Ecosystem State Index) that indicated some toxic effect on photosynthesis of Original Research Article Krupa et al.; BJECC, 6(4): 259-278, 2016; Article no.BJECC.2016.025 260 algae were used together with Statistica 12.0 and CANOCO Programs for calculating of relationships between environmental and algal communities data among the altitude of the lakes. Results: As a result, 28 species from five taxonomic divisions were identified in phytoplankton communities. According to hydrochemical indices, the lakes were classified as clean, with a slightly increased level of organic pollution in the Middle and Upper Kolsay. The ratio of species in the phytoplankton communities in all the lakes was corresponding to alkaline fresh non-flowing waters. Indication of the indicator species’ ratio, functional groups and size structure (the AbundanceBiomass-Comparison method, ABC) of phytoplankton showed that the level of organic pollution decreased in the high-altitude direction. The relationship between the graphic (ABC Method) and the calculation method (Shannon-Weaver index) used for the analysis of the phytoplankton structure is shown. Dynamics of saprobiological and dimensional parameters of phytoplankton links well with the distribution of the recreational load on the lake. The change of biomass of planktonic algae to a greater extent was determined by the dynamics of nitrogen compounds. In general, together with a low level of heavy metals in the water of lakes, the values of WESI index (Water Ecosystem State Index) indicated some toxic effect on photosynthesis of algae in the Lower, Middle Kolsay and the Lake Sary-Bulak. We revealed major variables that considered stimulating or stress factors with helps of statistical programs. Conclusion: Analysis of hydrochemical and biological data demonstrated that Kolsay mountain lakes are in the early stages of eutrophication. The processes of eutrophication are most evident in the Lower Kolsay. The changes in ecosystems of Kolsay mountain lakes can be ","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133465969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Carbon Flux within the Coral Community","authors":"P. Mohan, Radha Karuna Kumari, M. Muruganantham, Vibha V. Ubare, C. Jeeva, P. Nagarjuna, J. Singha, Phaterpekar Purva, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/23572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/23572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Climate Change Vulnerability and its Adaptive Capacity: Policies and Planning for Bangladesh","authors":"M. Awal, M. Rashid, A. Islam, M. Imam, M. Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/27382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/27382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Hybrid Fixed-film Anammox Process Treating Sludge Dewatering Centrate in Wastewater Treatment","authors":"D. Bencsik, T. Karches","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/26725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/26725","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to estimate and optimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a process in wastewater treatment, which utilizes anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox). The single-stage nitritation-Anammox process applies fixed biofilm carriers and treats the centrate of sludge dewatering. GPS-X biokinetic modelling tool was used for quantifying the specific nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane emissions at various operational conditions. In general, the amount of biology related GHG production was estimated to be higher than that of indirect emissions, by three orders of magnitude. Of direct emissions, nitrous oxide gas production should be taken into account primarily. Based on the simulations, feasible options of minimising N2O emissions include applying an operational temperature of 30-35°C, and increasing airflow to reduce the effect of oxygen limitation. To release less N2O, the process should also preferably be operated as an IFAS application with a low concentration of suspended solids (1.5-2 g/L), or even without sludge recycle.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129342605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilising time of use surveys to predict domestic hot water consumption and heat demand profiles of residential building stocks","authors":"Olivier Neu, S. Oxizidis, D. Flynn, D. Finn","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2016/18188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2016/18188","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The prediction of water consumption patterns is a challenge, especially when water metering is not available at scale. The use of time-of-use survey (TUS) data offers an alternative to metering in order to track the general patterns of water consumption across large and representative groups of end-users. The paper focuses on the prediction of analytical domestic hot water (DHW) demand profiles for detailed building archetype models, using an occupant focused approach based on TUS data. The paper illustrates and discusses the resulting capability of dwelling archetypes to capture variations in heat demand and energy usage for water heating on a national scale and at high time resolution. Methodology: Five dwelling types are considered over different construction periods, representative of the majority of the Irish residential stock, which is used here as a case study. They are modelled at room level using EnergyPlus and converted into archetype models. A bottom-up approach is utilised to develop the required operational data at high space and time resolution. That methodology applies Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to TUS activity data to develop activity-specific profiles for occupancy and domestic equipment electricity use. It is extended to DHW demand profiles by combining the probability distributions for particular TUS activities with average daily DHW consumptions, depending on the household size, day type and season. Results: The archetype models capture variations in DHW consumption, heat demand and energy usage for DHW heating, on a national scale and a fifteen-minute basis. Moreover, they are found to be 90% accurate with the Irish standard dwelling energy assessment procedure in estimating the annual energy requirements for DHW heating. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential for utilising time of use surveys to predict domestic water demand profiles on a national scale and at high time resolution.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131005483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Interactions between urbanization, climate variability and its impact on surface waters","authors":"L. Chua, K. Irvine","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2015/18413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2015/18413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116617867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory assessment of SUDS feasibility in Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe Basin, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.","authors":"H. Loc, M. Babel, S. Weesakul, K. Irvine, Pham Minh Duyen","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2015/11534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2015/11534","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In recent decades, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, frequently has been affected by local floods and inundation from heavy rainfall. Conventional flood mitigation measures such as building flood gates and upgrading sewerage systems have been implemented but problems persist. The objective of this research is to assess another approach for flood control measures, namely Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), with application to the Nhieu Loc Thi Nghe Basin, located in the central part of Ho Chi Minh City. Methodology: A combination of the Stormwater Management Model (PCSWMM) and interviews with 140 households was used to assess the efficacy and acceptability of four of the most popular SUDS: Rainwater harvesting, green roofs, urban green space and pervious pavement. Thirteen SUDS and urban build-out scenarios were simulated under 6 design storm conditions. Results: PCSWMM results showed that inundation from intense rainfall could be reduced with proper land-use control, specifically by maintaining imperviousness at 65% or less of the surface Original Research Article Loc et al.; BJECC, 5(2): 91-103, 2015; Article no.BJECC.2015.008 92 area. With respect to SUDS performance, green roofs were best at reducing peak runoff (22% reduction), followed by pervious pavement, urban green space, and rainwater harvesting systems. Regarding environmental improvements, as represented by reduction in total suspended solids load, urban green space was best with 20% of the solids load removed compared to the base case scenario, followed by green roofs, pervious pavement, and rainwater harvesting. The household interviews revealed the majority of people preferred pervious pavement to the other SUDS options and the least preferred option was green roof technology. Conclusion: Considering the combination of water quantity and water quality controls, it seems that green roof technology was the best performer for this area of Ho Chi Minh City, followed by urban green space, pervious pavement and rainwater harvesting. However, green roof technology also was the least favored option for the public and stakeholder acceptance will impact SUDS implementation.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133282880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Risk Modeling of Urbanized Estuarine Areas under Uncertainty: A Case Study for Whitesands, UK","authors":"M. Valyrakis, Mark Solley, Eftychia Koursari","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2015/12915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2015/12915","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The impacts of catastrophic flooding have steadily increased over the last few decades. This work investigated the effectiveness of flood modeling, with low dimensionality models along with a wealth of soft (qualitative) and hard (quantitative) data. In the presence of very low resolution or qualitative data this approach has the potential of assessing a plethora of different scenarios with little computational cost, without compromise in prediction accuracy. \u0000Study Design: A flood risk modeling approach was implemented for the urbanized and flood prone region of Whitesands, at the Scottish town of Dumfries. This involved collection of a wide range of data: a) topographical maps and data from field visits were used to complement existing cross-sectional data, for building the river’s geometry, b) appropriate hydrological data were employed to run the simulations, while historical information about the extent, depth and impacts of flooding were utilized for calibrating the hydraulic model, and c) a wealth of photographic data obtained during the most recent December 2013 flood, were used for the model’s validation. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Desk study: School of Engineering, University of Glasgow; September 2013 to May 2014. Field study: Dumfries; November 2013 to January 2014. \u0000Methodology: The HEC-RAS 1D model has been used to represent the hydraulics of the system. Flood maps were produced considering the local topography and predicted inundation depths. Flood cost and risk takes further into account the type and value of inundated property as well as the extent and depth of flooding. \u0000Results: The model predictions (inundation depths and flood extents presented in the flood maps) were in fairly good agreement with the observed results along the studied section of the river. \u0000Conclusion: This study presented a flood modeling approach that utilized an appropriate range of accessible data in the absence of detailed information. As the level of performance was comparable to other inundation models the results can be used for identification of flood mitigation measures and to inform best management strategies for waterways and floodplains.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}