British Journal of Environment and Climate Change最新文献

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Hydrology and Water Quality in the Saugahatchee Creek under Projected Land Use and Climate Change Scenarios Using WARMF","authors":"S. Shrestha, X. Fang, R. Sawant, L. Marzen","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/11559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/11559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123568605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and Validation of Cisco Habitat in Minnesota Lakes Using the Lethal-Niche- Boundary Curve","authors":"X. Fang, Liping Jiang, P. Jacobson, N. Z. Fang","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/11482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/11482","url":null,"abstract":"Fish survival in lakes is strongly influenced by water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. A one-dimensional (vertical) lake water quality model MINLAKE 2012 was calibrated in 23 Minnesota lakes and used to simulate daily water temperature and DO concentrations in 36 representative lake types under past (1992–2008) climate conditions and a future climate scenario (MIROC 3.2). The 36 representative Minnesota lake types were developed based on three maximum depths (H max = 4, 13, and 24 m), three surface areas (As = 0.2, 1.7, 10 km 2 ), and four Secchi depths (SD = 1.2, 2.5, 4.5, and 7 m, from eutrophic to oligotrophic lake). A fish habitat model using the lethal-niche","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114944238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrying capacity and sustainability appraisals on regional water supply systems under climate change.","authors":"C. Tung, Tzu-Ming Liu, Szu-Wei Chen, K. Ke, Ming-Hsu Li","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/8572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/8572","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to appraise the carrying capacity and sustainability of four water supply systems which are inthe same watershed under climate change. An integrated assessment tool, TaiWAP, which integrates the common procedures of impact assessment of climate change, i.e., downscaling, weather generation, hydrological model, and interface for linking system dyna mics model, is used to evaluate the sustainability of regional water resources systems. The GWLF physical model is used to simulate surface water processes and Vensim (a specialized software tool) is used in a","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stream flow response to skilled and non-linear bias corrected GCM precipitation change in the Wami River sub-basin, Tanzania.","authors":"F. Wambura","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/13457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/13457","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of stream flow projection under changing climate cannot be guaranteed if the General Circulation Model (GCM) used for the projection of future climate does not predict well its past climate. In this study stream flows in the Wami River sub-basin were simulated under changing climate by the skilled and non-linear bias corrected GCM using a physically based and semi distributed rainfall runoff model, SWAT. The SWAT model was setup using the terrain, land use, soil, precipitation and temperature data. The baseline water uses were used to naturalise stream flows and the SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the historical stream flows. In addressing future runoff projections the domestic, livestock, irrigation and industrial water demands in the subbasin were projected to the year 2039 using the current irrigation area growth rates, Tanzania vision 2025 and development plans for the Wami River sub-basin. The GCMs were incorporated in the hydrological model so as to factor in the effects of climate change. Precipitation was selected as the changing climatic variable for projection because runoff is very sensitive to precipitation as compared to other climatic variables like temperature. A total of twenty four GCMs from CMIP3 database representing twentieth century precipitation were interpolated into forty five sub-catchments in the subOriginal Research Article British Journal of Environment & Climate Change, 4(4): 389-408, 2014 390 basin and evaluated for their skills. The HADCM3 model was selected due to its highest skill score in predicting past climate. Then the HADCM3 precipitation signal of scenario A2, was corrected by Non-linear Bias Correction (NBC) in the forty five sub-catchments in the sub-basin and used to simulate future stream flow. The results of stream flow simulated using skilled and non-linear corrected HADCM3 precipitation signal shows that stream flow is projected to increase for the near term climatology (2010 – 2039).","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124930396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open data flood mapping of Chao Phraya River basin and Bangkok Metropolitan Region.","authors":"Richard T. Cooper","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/11872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/11872","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To examine the utility of open data for flood mapping of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and Chao Phraya River basin. The region is particularly vulnerable to flooding, having experienced recurrent major flooding events, including the some of the most extensive and prolonged in 2011. Study Design: Novel methodologies were innovated utilising open spatial data and open source geographical software to generate flood extent/hazard maps of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and Chao Phraya River basin. Key geospatial data were sourced from the Thai Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency and NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Methodology: Given limited resources for conducting detailed hydrological-hydraulic analyses, two alternative approaches were examined for flood extent/hazard mapping of the basin and city. The first method made use of publicly available historical flood data to produce an up-to-date composite flood extent/hazard map. The second approach, using the latter output as a reference source, examined the utility of a modified topographic index for delineating flood-prone areas, as integrated into the r.hazard.flood module of the open source GRASS GIS application. Results: Compilation of multi-year historical data enabled generation of a relatively finescale (~100m spatial resolution) flood extent/hazard map for the basin and city. The optimal tau threshold for delineating flood exposed cells from the modified topographic index was linearly related to the sub-basin mean slope. The four most northerly subbasins of the Chao Phraya basin, those with higher mean slopes, gave lowest total errors, ranging from 17.5 to 35.9 percent. Conclusions: Open data in the form of multi-year spatial flood layers were effectively Original Research Article British Journal of Environment & Climate Change, 4(2): 186-216, 2014 187 combined to generate a relatively fine-scale flood extent/hazard map for the Chao Phraya River basin and Bangkok Metropolitan Region, and the modified topographic index showed promise as an alternative means for identifying flood exposed areas.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local level complexities in governance of climate change mitigation practices and adaptation measures in U. S. cities.","authors":"S. A. Sunny","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/5970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/5970","url":null,"abstract":"While global negotiations regarding climate change between nations are underway around the world, locally scaled policies and measures for climate protection and resilience are drafted and implemented by municipalities across the globe. These political units, with their small contributions to the much larger issue at hand are unable to fully receive adequate gains of their policies for their local stakeholders, as theory states that local level administrators would find it difficult to reduce emissions for the benefit of the global citizenry. In other words, municipalities are concerned with the provision of locallybased public goods and services. For climate policies however, they are locally producing a global public good. On the other hand, local level leaders have an advantage as they control many of the factors related to emissions, such as land use decisions, residential and commercial regulations, transit options and solid waste disposal. This is perhaps fitting due to the nature of the place-based vulnerability where impacts are experienced in the forms of inundation, heat waves, bushfires or rising sea levels. Additionally, due to their structure, it is comparatively easier to implementing such policies successfully than many international policy makers who have struggled with such goals or milestones due to added complications. This essay will explore the rudimentary complexities at the city level and observe the paradox of participation and engagement in sustainable addressing global climate change. Original Research Article British Journal of Environment & Climate Change, 4(1): 5-26, 2014 6","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and sulphur as affected by different land uses in Seronga, Okavango Delta, Botswana","authors":"T. Mubyana-John, W. Masamba","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2013/5758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2013/5758","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The Okavango Delta at Seronga is fragmented into different land uses ranging from grasslands to woodland (Ximenia and mopane), often punctuated w ith cropped and fallow fields.The influence of land uses o n surface (A1 horizon) soil physico -characteristics, nitrogen, sulphur, carbon, microbial population and biomass were studied to understand soil variability in order to devise conservation strategies for the area. Methodology: Total soil nitrogen (N) was analysed using a Leco N analyser, total carbon +","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120955498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse gas emission determinants in Nigeria: implications for trade, climate change mitigation and adaptation policies.","authors":"A. Achike, A. Onoja","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2014/8576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2014/8576","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated and analyzed the determinants of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) emission in Nigeria. The study relied on secondary data from World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria covering 40 years (1970-2009). The data were analyzed using Zellner’s Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) model. The results of the analysis show that fossil energy demand or consumption, rents from forestry trade, agricultural land area expansion and farm technology were significant determinants of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the study area. On the other hand, the second equation indicated that fossil fuel energy demand was exogenously determined by economic growth rate (proxied by GDP growth rate) and farm technology applied in the country. It was recommended that Nigeria should put in place policies that will tax companies or firms emitting GHGs and utilize such tax proceeds for research and building the capacities of farmers to adapt to deleterious effect of climate change in the country and continent. The development of existing and new technologies for adapting to climate change and variability, building of environmental consciousness of Nigerians through curriculum restructuring and provision of weather information services by the Nigerian governments and their agencies to enable farmers plan against weather uncertainty and risks were also recommended.","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121453503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a synergetic lidar and sunphotometer algorithm for the characterization of a dust event over Athens, Greece","authors":"A. Tsekeri, V. Amiridis, P. Kokkalis, Sara Basart Alpuente, A. Chaikovsky, O. Dubovik, R. Mamouri, A. Papayannis, José María Baldasano Recio","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2013/2615#STHASH.YED42FFE.DPUF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2013/2615#STHASH.YED42FFE.DPUF","url":null,"abstract":"We present first retrievals of the Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC), applied on combined lidar and sunphotometer data during a Saharan dust episode over Athens, Greece, on July 20, 2011. A full lidar dataset in terms of backscatter signals at 355, 532 and 1064 nm, as well as depolarization at 532 nm was acquired from the European Aerosol Research Network (EARLINET) station of Athens and combined with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data, in order to retrieve the concentration and extinction coefficient profiles of dust. The lidar measurements showed a free tropospheric layer between 1-5 km above Athens, with low Angstrom exponent of ~0.5 and high particle depolarization ratio, ~25-30%, both values characteristic of dust particles. The application of LIRIC revealed high concentration profiles of non-spherical coarse particles in the layer, in the range of 0.04-0.07 ppb and a smaller fine particle component with concentrations of ~0.01 ppb. The extinction coefficients at 532 nm ranged between 50 and 90 Mm-1 for coarse non-spherical particles and between 25 and 50Mm-1 for fine particles. The retrievals were compared with modeled dust concentration and extinction coefficient profiles from the Dust Regional Atmospheric Modeling (BSC-DREAM8b), showing good agreement, especially for the coarse mode","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Use of Remote Sensing for Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent Estimation","authors":"Jonathan Murioz","doi":"10.9734/BJECC/2013/7699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2013/7699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373103,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}