Journal of Space Safety Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Tailored continuous risk management in nanosatellite space project VZLUSAT-1 using FMECA","authors":"Marek Cech,&nbsp;Martin Januska","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The purpose of the research is to demonstrate an application of the existing methodology for risk assessment Failure Mode and Effect Criticality Analysis (FMECA) in nanosatellite projects together with a risk register proposal elaborated based on a literature review and expert interviews. The paper also elaborates on the integration of FMECA and knowledge capture and transfer technique. Literature evidence and the use case of the VZLUSAT-1 </span>CubeSat<span> show that it is challenging to implement proper project management and especially risk management practices into nanosatellite (or CubeSat) projects. The risks identified are mostly connected with the technical part, design, and operation of the satellite, and personal, financial, stakeholder, or managerial risks are omitted. The mission success rate can be significantly improved when risks are adequately considered at stages preceding the launch and operation of the satellite.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re‐entry safety: Analysis and plasma wind tunnel testing of spacecraft design solutions to reduce on‐ground casualty risk","authors":"Lucia Suriani ,&nbsp;Antonio Caiazzo ,&nbsp;Britta Ganzer ,&nbsp;Tobias Lips ,&nbsp;Patrice Laurenti ,&nbsp;Bradley Lockett ,&nbsp;Thorn Schleutker ,&nbsp;Tiago Soares ,&nbsp;James Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In compliance with ISO 24,113 and ESA Space Debris Mitigation requirements, spacecrafts in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) must be removed from their operational orbit within 25 years and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere having an on-ground casualty risk lower than 1 in 10,000.</p><p><span>To maximize the number of uncontrolled re-entries, which have much less impact on system mass and costs, ESA's Clean Space initiative is investigating design for containment (D4C) techniques and collaborating with European industries and space agencies to assess, model, analyse, and test new concepts through re-entry tools and plasma wind tunnel experiments. The main objectives are to understand the </span>survivability<span> of materials and techniques suitable for different containment concepts, to improve re-entry modelling, and implement effective D4C measures.</span></p><p>This paper shows the results of these activities, that have been the first milestones in the knowledge of D4C, although further investigations are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous flight termination system: The need for an international regulatory frame","authors":"L. Miquel Parra,&nbsp;G. Acampa,&nbsp;E. Castoldi,&nbsp;M. Cinque,&nbsp;W. Dai,&nbsp;P. Dell'Atti,&nbsp;D. Caporro","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the unmanned launch service providers, the autonomous flight termination concept is no longer an unknown actor around the table. The goal of these systems is to limit the consequences of the potential feared events caused by a launch vehicle malfunction by automatically terminating the flight of the vehicle in a safe manner, replacing the human component on the traditional flight termination decision in case of failure.</p><p><span>Although some public and private players have already designed (and even flown) an autonomous flight termination system, the problem arises when looking into the </span>safety standards that need to be to be applied to launch from different locations, which are highly dependent on the respective safety authorities.</p><p>This paper aims at analysing the gap in the current launch safety policies and proposing the guidelines to be followed to widen the range of spaceports capable of hosting a launch vehicle with such a feature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the destructive re-entry analysis tools available in Europe: State of the art, latest advances, and open points","authors":"Cristina De Persis ,&nbsp;Stijn Lemmens","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past 30 years, numerous methods and tools have been developed to simulate spacecraft breakup during atmospheric re-entry, predict the characteristics of the surviving fragments, and estimate the ground casualty risk. With the introduction of the Design for Demise (or simply D4D) concept, these tools have become increasingly vital in designing spacecraft that break up and burn up during re-entry, thus reducing the risk posed by impacting debris. To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of predictions, researchers have made continuous improvements in this field, especially in the last decade, but uncertainties and gaps in knowledge remain. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, with a particular emphasis on tools developed in Europe. It covers the latest advancements and improvements, as well as novel techniques proposed in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting high‐speed particle impact damage in spacecraft thermal protection systems","authors":"William P. Schonberg ,&nbsp;Michael D. Squire","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>All spacecraft use some sort of thermal insulation<span>, or thermal protection system (TPS), in their design. TPS materials vary, ranging from ceramic tiles or </span></span>phenolic<span> ablators for heatshields to lightweight multi-layer insulation (MLI) blankets. Since TPS is usually placed on the spacecraft's exterior, it is susceptible to impacts by meteoroids and orbital debris. These high-speed impacts can damage the TPS to a point where the protection it offers is below acceptable limits. As such, it is important to be able to characterize expected TPS damage levels stemming from such high-speed impacts. In this paper, we present the results of a study that sought to characterize the high-speed impact damage that would be sustained by two TPS materials that have recently gained attention for possible use in future interplanetary missions. Empirical equations were developed for TPS crater depths, as well as maximum and minimum crater mouth dimensions. In the event of TPS perforations, empirical equations were developed for the maximum and minimum through-hole dimensions. As part of the analyses performed, ballistic limit equations (BLEs) for these TPS configurations were also developed where possible. The validity of the equations developed was assessed by comparing their predictions against test data. In nearly all cases, the empirical equations developed herein were seen to adequately capture the magnitudes of the measured damage parameters.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radar observation and recontruction of Cosmos 1408 fragmentation","authors":"Andrea Muciaccia ,&nbsp;Luca Facchini ,&nbsp;Marco Felice Montaruli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Purpura ,&nbsp;Roberto Detomaso ,&nbsp;Camilla Colombo ,&nbsp;Mauro Massari ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Di Lizia ,&nbsp;Alessandra Di Cecco ,&nbsp;Luca Salotti ,&nbsp;Germano Bianchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The population of objects in space has increased dramatically over recent decades. Space debris now represents the majority of objects in space resulting from inactive satellites, breakups, collisions and fragmentations. It has become a concern for institutions all over the world and, as such, it has led to the fostering of several programmes to counter the issues. Among these, the use of ground-based sensors for Space Surveillance Tracking (SST) activities and services and tools for analysing fragmentations play a crucial role.</p><p>This work presents the activities carried out by Politecnico di Milano, Italian Space Agency and Italian National Institute of Astrophysics in this framework, using data from SST networks and the observation measurements from Bistatic Radar for LEo Survey (BIRALES), an Italian bistatic radar belonging to the EUropean Space Surveillance and Tracking (EUSST), which contributed most to the monitoring of the cloud of fragments. Exploiting Two-Line Elements (TLEs) of observed fragments, a reverse engineering approach is used to reconstruct a fragmentation in orbit through the use of the software suite PUZZLE developed at Politecnico di Milano. The analyses focus on studying the fragmentation of the Cosmos 1408 satellite, which occurred on November 15th 2021 following an Anti-SATellite (ASAT) missile test. More than 1000 trackable pieces and millions of smaller debris (estimated from numerical analysis) were produced by this event, increasing the population of inactive objects around the Earth, and threatening nearby orbiting objects.</p><p>First, the processing method adopted from BIRALES in observing Cosmos debris is presented and discussed and a critical analysis about the derivable information is conducted. Then, these data and those from SST network observations are used to identify the epoch and the location of the fragmentation. In this procedure, the software toolkit PUZZLE, developed by Politecnico di Milano within a project funded by the Italian Space Agency and extended through the European Research Council, is used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468896723001131/pdfft?md5=6fcf8908a3ba6949f5254fe1fc9f560d&pid=1-s2.0-S2468896723001131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing of space activities by organizations in conditions of war","authors":"Svitlana Koshova ,&nbsp;Volodymyr Maksymov ,&nbsp;Svitlana Bondar ,&nbsp;Roman Derkach","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article provides a thorough characterization of wartime space activity, which has grown and evolved significantly over the past six decades. It is substantiated that the utilization of space under the auspices of several space states has turned into a type of activity in more than 60 countries around the world. Authors carried out a study of trends in the sources of funding for the space industry, as well as identified negative factors that affect the pace of development of the space industry established in previous years, namely: problems in the world economy caused by the introduction of sanctions against the Russian Federation, inflation rates, changes in interest rates and loss Ukraine's export opportunities. We studied the European Space Agency report on changes to funding amounts for space sector projects that fit the definition of projects with rapid development for the years 2019–2022. The impact of the conflict on Ukraine's space industry and strategies for maintaining pre-war accomplishments under novel circumstances are identified. The process via which the government and private businesses fund domestic space activities is examined. The purpose of the article is a thorough analysis of the pre-war and post-war financing of space activities, as well as the formulation of the main models of financing the space industry in the post-war period in order to bring it to a new level of functioning. The research underscores space activity as a major financing priority in developed nations. Pre-war, the space industry showed rapid growth, initially state-funded, later attracting private investments. However, ongoing conflict in Ukraine led to reduced funding for less profitable projects, emphasizing the need for a balanced strategy using state and private investments for post-war reconstruction and maintaining a strong national defense capability in the global space sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New methodology to model the atmospheric re-entry of a satellite with DEBRISK v3","authors":"J. Annaloro,&nbsp;S. Galera,&nbsp;A. Bellucci,&nbsp;N. Pillet,&nbsp;G. Laur,&nbsp;P. Omaly","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to evaluate the possible casualty area caused by the atmospheric re-entry of a vehicle, CNES develops its own certification tool named DEBRISK. For more than 7 years, an important work has been carried out in the frame of DEBRISK v3 with the aim of reducing as much as possible the uncertainties on all the models influencing the survivability of debris.</p><p>Given the significant advances in terms of modelling and observations from ground experiments, the methodologies and recommendations are evolving and improving. Several recommendations are discussed, specifically related to how to model a satellite and problematic equipment from a survivability point of view. Representative satellite test cases are presented, showing the evolution of the debris survivability with DEBRISK V3.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing “norms of behavior” for satellite collision avoidance maneuver planning","authors":"David B. Spencer ,&nbsp;Marlon E. Sorge ,&nbsp;Mark A. Skinner","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several commercial companies, as well as various nations, have proposed to deploy or are deploying many satellites in Low Earth Orbit<span> (LEO). These large constellations will greatly increase the number of satellites operating in relatively narrow altitude regions of space. The added space traffic in these regions will create many close approaches between the members of the large constellations and other space operators. These close approach situations can necessitate maneuver(s) to avoid a potential collision. Should both satellites have maneuvering capability, the question of how the overall collision avoidance<span> procedures should be executed is raised. Some constellations may employ automated collision avoidance systems which interact differently than conventional human-in-the-loop systems. Interactions between an automated system and another operational satellite, between two automated systems or two nonautonomous systems present new challenges for executing effective collision avoidance. Additionally, the existence of non-maneuverable satellites and space debris continues to pose additional challenges. This paper is the first of several papers that will be documenting an International Academy of Astronautics study on this topic.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Student paper competition at the eleventh IAASS space safety conference, ‘Managing Risk in Space’ in 2021”","authors":"Josef Koller ,&nbsp;Isabelle Rongier ,&nbsp;Mark Skinner ,&nbsp;Julien van Campen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468896723001325/pdfft?md5=955f46ec96816c005e0d7d25fb2a650f&pid=1-s2.0-S2468896723001325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}