Journal of Space Safety Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Autonomous flight termination system: A proposal for an international regulatory frame and set of requirements","authors":"F. Pasciuti,&nbsp;G. Acampa,&nbsp;M. Cinque,&nbsp;W. Dai,&nbsp;G.T. Kuthukallumkal,&nbsp;A. Scolaro,&nbsp;R. Armellini","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current trends in the Space Industry show that launcher providers are moving towards the automatization of Flight Termination Systems (AFTS). Nevertheless, nowadays a problem arises when trying to conceive an AFTS which can be compliant with all the relevant international safety regulations.</div><div>A previous study [<span><span>12</span></span>], starting from differences existing among those legislations that more explicitly refer to Flight Termination Systems, has identified and highlighted the key needs and concepts an AFTS should fulfill.</div><div>Therefore, starting from the proposed regulatory guideline, a further step is moved hereinafter for building up a set of generic (not mission dependent) requirements matching with the above-mentioned needs and concepts.</div><div>The resulting requirements here proposed are meant to be set as a starting point for the agreement, among industries and safety authorities, on a common specification for developing an AFTS suitable to all launch sites, with greater range of mission trajectories and cadences allowed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionospheric GPS-VTEC forecasting using hybrid deep learning model (LSTM-CNN)","authors":"Kenneth Iluore ,&nbsp;Jianyong Lu ,&nbsp;Kesyton Oyamenda Ozegin","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predictions of the ionosphere are essential for detecting anomalies in space weather conditions. Deep learning technologies applied to ionospheric forecasting have emerged as an exciting field of focus for researchers. This paper presents the forecasting of GPS-VTEC using multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the deep learning model: long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and a hybrid model composed of LSTM and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The MLP and the deep learning model are constructed with the GPS-vertical total electron content (GPS-VTEC) time series data estimated over a mid-latitude HUGE Station (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>47.834</mn></mrow><mi>o</mi></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mn>7.596</mn></mrow><mi>o</mi></msup><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span>) located in Germany. Factors that influence the variations of GPS-VTEC are identified and used as the input parameters for the deep learning model. The factors are seasonal variation, diurnal variation, magnetic activity, and solar activity. The training is carried out using the data obtained from the years 2010–2014, while the prediction performance of the model is evaluated using the data from the year 2015 (high solar activity). The hybrid LSTM-CNN model performs better than the MLP and the other deep learning model, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.046 total electron content unit (TECU) and a correlation coefficient (<em>R</em>) of 0.896 and is able to capture the diurnal variations of the GPS-VTEC. In addition, the prediction performance of the MLP and the deep learning model is compared with that of IRI-Plas 2017 and NeQuick-2 in capturing the seasonal variation of GPS-VTEC, and it is observed that the IRI-Plas 2017 model provides more accurate predictions than the MLP, the deep learning model, and the NeQuick-2 model during March 2015. However, on average, the deep learning model, the MLP, and the NeQuick-2 model capture the seasonal variations more accurately than the IRI-Plas 2017 at this GPS station.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LiDAR-Based navigation strategies for a non-cooperative target considering rendezvous trajectory","authors":"Taisei Nishishita,&nbsp;Yu Nakajima,&nbsp;Takahiro Sasaki,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Okamoto,&nbsp;Ryo Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grave danger posed by space debris is attracting increasing attention, and many countries are actively researching active debris removal (ADR). One of the most important challenges to an ADR mission is the need for a highly accurate, robust navigation technology for docking with non-cooperative targets. This paper proposes a LiDAR-based navigation system, in particular a point cloud processing architecture that is robust against point cloud outliers that may occur in real environments. This study selected the upper stage of an H2A rocket as an example for ADR target. The proposed method addresses technical issues specific to ADR missions, such as point cloud loss at the target’s mirror surface and LiDAR’s Field of View (FOV) limitations. The results of dynamic and static measurement testing using actual hardware showed that the proposed method is capable of stable estimation in close proximity operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NASA's Human Research Program: Evolving collaborations to enable the future of human spaceflight","authors":"Jancy McPhee ,&nbsp;David Baumann","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its formation in 2007, the NASA Human Research Program's (HRP) mission has been to protect the health and performance of astronauts as they explore beyond low Earth orbit. The HRP helps enable exploration spaceflight through a focused program of research that leads to the development and delivery of solutions to protect human health and performance during and after these missions. This research is conducted primarily in ground analogs of the spaceflight environment and on the International Space Station (ISS). Over the last 3 years, NASA has undergone transformative changes with the flight of Artemis I, the formation of the Commercial Low Earth Orbit Destinations Program, commercial flights to the ISS, and collaboration with new international partners participating in human spaceflight. The HRP has embraced these new opportunities and is collaborating on all these fronts to collect biomedical research data. Artemis I marked the arrival of NASA's new human spaceflight exploration missions. NASA established the Moon to Mars Program Office to design a roadmap for the exploration of the lunar surface and the journey beyond to Mars. The HRP has a critical role in conducting research and delivering technologies that will lead to solutions that protect human health and performance, and is working closely with the Moon to Mars Office to ensure these deliverables are ready in time to support their strategy. The HRP is also developing the partnership strategies required to support these deliverables. Commercial space flights, both free flyer and suborbital missions and private astronaut missions to the ISS, are providing broader opportunities and more subjects to characterize spaceflight-induced changes to the human system and to test countermeasures. To better use these opportunities to achieve its mission, the HRP has been working to understand the commercial spaceflight companies’ needs and then partnering with them on aspects of mutual interest. In addition, the HRP continues to engage in long-standing relationships with its international partners through the International Space Life Sciences Working Group and other joint international groups. The HRP is interested in sharing its knowledge and collaborating on projects of mutual interest with new countries that are developing capabilities for human spaceflight. The next 10 years will shape how humanity partners on exploration missions to Mars, and the HRP is committed to enabling and developing collaborative strategies with commercial and international partners to keep humans safe and productive as they explore longer and further into space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front cover with vol. no. and issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00051-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00051-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Page CO1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociomapping qualitative analysis of the structure and dynamics of relationships in the crews of SIRIUS-19 and SIRIUS-21 during a simulated space mission to the Moon through the lens of comparison","authors":"K. Bernardova Sykorova ,&nbsp;E. Chroustova ,&nbsp;M. Klosova ,&nbsp;A. Zubkova ,&nbsp;K. Krasna ,&nbsp;J. Lastovkova ,&nbsp;E. Höschlova ,&nbsp;R. Bahbouh","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The contribution is based on the author's own MODEL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH in EXPOSED PROFESSIONS based on a set of diagnostic, analytical methods, and mathematical modelling in the measurement of human attitudes. Its subject is a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of humans and small social groups in specific conditions of long-term isolation, from a bio-psycho-social point of view. The contribution will present the outputs of the international research project “SIRIUS 2017–2023″, from the 4-month and 8-month isolation experiment organized by the IBMP RAS and NASA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>SOCIOMAPPING is a technique suitable for the analysis of non-linear dynamic systems - groups, organizations, population. The method of the Czech author Radvan Bahbouh makes it possible to analyse the relationships and ties between system elements to reveal stable and recurring structural patterns and to monitor their dynamics. As part of the 2nd and 3rd stages of the “SIRIUS” project, the method was deployed in 3 stages during both experiments. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS of the data provided detailed insight into the structure and dynamics of relationships and ties in both crews in 35 areas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS shows highly favourable findings in the structure and dynamics of relationships in both crews during isolation. In the field of PROFESSIONALISM, the crew of SIRIUS-19 maintains a continuously high rating, higher at the end of the mission than at the beginning. A slightly opposite tendency was found for the SIRIUS-21 crew, the “definitely yes” rating shifts to “rather yes” or “can't judge” after 8 months of the mission. A similar pattern was found in the field of WORKING and PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP where the background of the individual participants in the experiment may have contributed to the results.</div><div>It is confirmed once again that the highly positive mutual evaluation of crew members has a fundamental influence on work performance, social atmosphere, decision-making, the occurrence of misunderstandings, task performance, workload management, quality of communication, cooperation, and in real space missions, also an influence on the issue of survival of crews.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 628-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveying space debris management methods: Revealing essential requirements for effective solutions","authors":"Samaneh Elahian,&nbsp;Hamid Kazemi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper delves into the management of space debris covering two main categories; preventive measures to mitigate space debris generation and methods for debris removal. Through a thorough review, it clarifies key aspects of outer space governance and the critical importance of effective space debris management. Space debris management methods are categorized into three main groups: prevention of debris generation, repair techniques, and collective/removal methods. Each category employs distinct approaches, which are discussed through its relevant equations and requirements. To define the requirements, two symbol spacecraft with masses of 25 and 100 kg in orbits at altitudes of 600 and 800 km are considered. This analysis aids in the selection of the most effective space debris management method for future space activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 721-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling safe commercial space transportation in the United States","authors":"Kelvin B. Coleman","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 547-549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling efficient satellite mission design with rule-based collision avoidance","authors":"Simon Burgis ,&nbsp;Pia Lenhardt ,&nbsp;Reinhold Bertrand ,&nbsp;Esfandiar Farahvashi ,&nbsp;Jonas Radtke ,&nbsp;Christopher Kebschull","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing number of operational spacecraft in Earth's orbit entails an increasing operational effort for collision avoidance (COLA), particularly regarding the coordination of evasive measures. To reduce the associated workload, COLA operations should already be considered in the early planning phases of space missions. The Mission Analysis Software (MAS) is a web-based application developed within the ESA-funded CASCADE (Collision avoidance, satellite coordination assessment demonstration environment) project by OKAPI:Orbits and TU Darmstadt for this purpose. The software follows a data-driven approach to offer satellite operators, mission designers, service providers, agencies, and authorities two services: conjunction assessment and rule analysis. The conjunction assessment provides an estimation of the number and type of conjunctions to be expected on the targeted orbit and identifies frequently conjuncting parties for the current population of active satellites as well as for conceivable future scenarios. The rule analysis follows a rule-based approach to coordinate COLA between individual operators, allowing users to build custom hierarchical rule sets from pre-defined rule building blocks to achieve a desired split of effort between the conjunction parties. The MAS enables the assessment of the operational consequences for a chosen rule set, empowering users to reach bilateral agreements with identified frequently conjuncting parties to determine the obligation to take evasive measures for future conjunctions. The approach of the MAS allows for the pre-emptive reduction of the expected number of conjunctions enabling operators to optimize orbit parameters within their mission constraints as well as the automatization of COLA coordination during operations. Through this, the MAS optimizes propellant needs, mission time, and required workforce associated with COLA for space missions.</div><div>This paper presents the MAS, showcasing the key features and use cases that have been developed closely with stakeholders and the European Space Agency. Furthermore, the data-based simulation approach of the MAS will be explained, covering the data sources and design choices for the conjunction detection and propagation module. The paper also presents the results of a preliminary rule analysis conducted for the population of active satellites in low Earth orbit as of April 2023. As an intermediate result of an on-going research activity involving the authoring entities, a major goal of this paper is to engage with satellite operators, mission designers, service providers, agencies, and authorities in order to tailor the results of the activity to their actual needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 739-749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The political and legal landscape of space debris mitigation in emerging space nations","authors":"Jacqueline H. Smith ,&nbsp;Minoo Rathnasabapathy ,&nbsp;Danielle Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of space debris and its impact on space sustainability is a growing concern that requires collective action from all nations. Over the past decade, the number of spacefaring nations has increased, as evidenced by the number of satellites launched by emerging space nations and by an increase in the number of applications for United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS) membership from emerging member states. More recently, there has been an increase in emerging space nations stating their commitment to join the COPUOS Long-term Sustainability (LTS) 2.0 Working Group, as well as nations who have opted to join as signatories to initiatives such as “Net Zero Space” (e.g., Azercosmos, EgSA, GISTDA), and the Artemis Accords (e.g., Nigeria, Rwanda, and Angola). These initiatives share a common goal of promoting the sustainable and responsible use of space to ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities, including: 1) the recognition of the need for sustainable practices; 2) the importance of promoting cooperation in long-term sustainability between all nations; 3) the support of international guidelines and best practices; and 4) the recognition of the increasing role and contribution of emerging space nations.</div><div>Given the rapid diversification of the space sector, and in accordance with Part C International Cooperation, Capacity-Building and Awareness of the 2019 COPUOS Long Term Sustainability guidelines, many emerging nations continue to face challenges in implementing space debris mitigation and removal measures. The aim of this paper is threefold: 1) showcase examples of emerging space nations who are actively supporting the sustained use of space at a national, regional, and international level, which includes complying with existing binding requirements concerning space debris within national laws; 2) discuss how the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) provides opportunities for emerging space nations to progress in their efforts to participate in seeking space sustainability; and 3) provide an analysis using the SSR for several missions launched by emerging space nations including recommended steps for increased sustainability in both the design phase and during operations. The study aims to identify potential challenges and opportunities in the adoption of the SSR by emerging space nations, and dispel the perception that sustainable design, operations, and implementation of the LTS guidelines is a barrier for emerging space nations. The selection of nations chosen for the analysis of this paper aims to ensure a representative sample of diverse space market sizes and maturity, with particular consideration given to geographic diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 697-709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}