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Birth of prison: Evolution of the idea 监狱的诞生:观念的演变
Civitas Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas2101196l
Nikola Lakobrija
{"title":"Birth of prison: Evolution of the idea","authors":"Nikola Lakobrija","doi":"10.5937/civitas2101196l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas2101196l","url":null,"abstract":"A society without norms does not exist, just as norms that are not violated do not exist as well. The reaction of society to violation of basic norms on which it itself is based largely depends on the epoch, that is, on the value core on which the society itself is based. Imprisonment has always existed, but it has changed drastically throughout history - from imprisonment without purpose and meaning, alongside torment and suffering, to modern forms of deprivation of liberty and modern prisons. The ideological revolution has changed the value basis of society, thus changing all the norms that had arisen from such values. The perception and expectations of punishment have changed and, from the 18th and 19th centuries onwards, a new concept of prison as an institution of control, correction, or resocialization has been developing. Prison has ceased to be perceived as hell on earth and became an instrument of society's influence on those who dare to violate social norms. This paper follows this evolution, that is, the development of prisons and the idea of imprisonment from holes and dungeons to modern penitentiaries.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why people commit infidelity: 'Nothing personal' or 'very personal:' Machiavellianism and subclinical sadism as predictors of infidelity 为什么人们会不忠:“不针对个人”或“非常针对个人”:马基雅维利主义和亚临床虐待狂是不忠的预测因素
Civitas Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas2102013m
Dunja Mraović, Nikola Borišev, V. Gojković
{"title":"Why people commit infidelity: 'Nothing personal' or 'very personal:' Machiavellianism and subclinical sadism as predictors of infidelity","authors":"Dunja Mraović, Nikola Borišev, V. Gojković","doi":"10.5937/civitas2102013m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas2102013m","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from the proximate incitement, infidelity implies an intention to inflict harm and suffering to a perpetrator's regular intimate partner for the sake of the perpetrator's own pleasure. The aim of this study was to determine whether Machiavellian deceit (infidelity as a conative style, i.e., 'nothing personal') or subclinical sadism (infidelity with the overt intention to hurt, i.e., 'very personal') is the dominant impetus of infidelity. Our data collected on 111 female and 48 male respondents indicated that Machiavellian antagonism and agency were the best predictors of adulterous behaviour, thus highlighting its 'nothing personal' dimension. No indices of subclinical sadism proved their incremental predictive power in the regression model, thus challenging the 'very personal' approach to the underpinnings of infidelity. In addition, there was no evidence of sex-related differences in proclivity to infidelity.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy COVID-19大流行对经济的影响
Civitas Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas2102078n
V. Njegomir
{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy","authors":"V. Njegomir","doi":"10.5937/civitas2102078n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas2102078n","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has changed completely in less than two years' time. The pandemic has threatened human lives, society, and global economy. As the largest pandemic of modern times, second only to the Spanish flu, it has had a significant negative impact on the economy, especially the service sector. The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the economy. The analysis includes short-term economic effects in the first months of the outbreak, cost-and sector-specific impact, and economic expectations. The overall conclusion is that the pandemic has had severe negative impacts on the global economy, causing a significant GDP loss, increased unemployment, and the greatest decline in retail trade, compared to other recessions in the past 40 years. However, the pandemic has also accelerated the development of the digital economy.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bildungsroman and character development: Charles Dickens' Great Expectations 成长小说与人物发展:查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1901086r
S. Radosavljević
{"title":"Bildungsroman and character development: Charles Dickens' Great Expectations","authors":"S. Radosavljević","doi":"10.5937/civitas1901086r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1901086r","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the elements of the Bildungsroman in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations - how an individual influences others, and how a certain event can trigger a whole series of circumstances that develop and reveal themselves before readers. The novel contains not only the elements of the protagonist's maturing process, and the formation of other characters' personalities, but it also depicts the class relations and social criticism of the Victorian England. The paper analyses the elements of Bildungsroman, a novel which follows the protagonists' spiritual development through learning and life experience. Great Expectations traces the main protagonist's development from early childhood to finishing his education to adulthood, when he becomes able to fulfill moral requirements towards himself and the society.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation between personality traits and assertiveness and perfectionism among employees 员工个性特征与自信、完美主义的关系
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1902177m
Ksenija Mijatović, Kristina Stiković
{"title":"Correlation between personality traits and assertiveness and perfectionism among employees","authors":"Ksenija Mijatović, Kristina Stiković","doi":"10.5937/civitas1902177m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1902177m","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempts to answer the questions of whether there are correlations between personality traits, assertiveness and perfectionism, and whether sociodemographic variables have an influence on these psychological constructs. The research sample consisted of 185 employees of different gender, age, education and work experience. In order to assess personality traits, we used an abridged version of Neo-Pi-R Inventory (NEOFFIDELTA, Costa & McCrae, 1989). For perfectionism assessment, we used the PI Scale (Perfectionism Inventory; Hill et al., 2004), and for assertiveness assessment the Assertiveness Scale (A skala, Tovilo vić et al, 2009). Personality traits and assertiveness strongly correlate with perfectionism, as well as with its facets. The coefficient of determination implies that personality traits and assertiveness can account for 12.7% variance in the overall PI scale score, which is statistically significant. This model showed that two personality dimensions are important predictors of perfectionism: Neuroticism, which was positively related and Agreeableness, which was negatively related to perfectionism.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71208890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kaizen management concept and its usage 改善管理的概念及其应用
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1901026b
Dušan Bobera, Tanja Tekić
{"title":"Kaizen management concept and its usage","authors":"Dušan Bobera, Tanja Tekić","doi":"10.5937/civitas1901026b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1901026b","url":null,"abstract":"The globalization process is based on getting to know other cultures, broadening one's horizons and the implementation of different organizational patterns and methods. The Japanese organizational culture has been developing based on the Kaizen concept for more than five decades. The paper examines the basic principles of the Kaizen concept, its different approaches to problem-solving, the importance of innovations, and focuses on management and delegation of responsibilities within an organization. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possible effects of introducing the Kaizen concept into the organization, and its advantages or disadvantages for the organization as a whole and for individual project teams.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The necessity of a new global development model: Ideas of contemporary world economists 一种新的全球发展模式的必要性:当代世界经济学家的观点
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1902042p
R. Pejanović
{"title":"The necessity of a new global development model: Ideas of contemporary world economists","authors":"R. Pejanović","doi":"10.5937/civitas1902042p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1902042p","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the contemporary concept of development at the global and national level, through the prism of the ideas of the world's leading economists. Joseph Stiglitz advocates the concept of \"progressive capitalism\" that would be based on a harmonious relationship between the state and the market. Jean Tirole emphasizes the need to respect the greater good and to reconcile personal, group (private) and public interests.Thomas Piketty raises the problem of inequality in a society that creates capital and its logic and advocates the necessity of progressive taxation. Rutger Bregman discusses the importance of the social function of the state and offers the solution of the universal basic income. Mariana Mazzukato emphasizes the importance of the entrepreneurial function of the state.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Budgeting based on performance as an instrument of financial recovery of local governments in the Republic of Serbia 基于业绩的预算编制是塞尔维亚共和国地方政府财政恢复的一种工具
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1902114n
M. Nikodijević
{"title":"Budgeting based on performance as an instrument of financial recovery of local governments in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"M. Nikodijević","doi":"10.5937/civitas1902114n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1902114n","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, there has been a growing public pressure that the budgetary resources are spent efficiently and effectively, but also responsibly and transparently. The paper discusses performance-based budgeting as a model of budgeting that is able to respond successfully to these requirements. The aim of this paper is to explain the specific features of this budgeting model and to emphasize the possible positive effects of its implementation at the level of local governments in the Republic of Serbia. The local governments in the Republic of Serbia are faced with problems of disorderly public finances, which are, inter alia, the result of an inadequate budgetary system. These problems led to low investment activity, excessive current spending, and huge debts of local governments that are irregularly settled. As a possible solution to these problems, we propose the implementation of performance-based budgeting, which would set credible budget constraints in line with the performance, improve transparency of reporting, but also establish an adequate system for controlling the spending of budget funds, as well as a system of measuring achieved results.","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theoretical and practical aspects of privacy rights in the digital age: European Court of Human Rights case law 数字时代隐私权的理论与实践:欧洲人权法院判例法
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1902058b
Ana Budak
{"title":"Theoretical and practical aspects of privacy rights in the digital age: European Court of Human Rights case law","authors":"Ana Budak","doi":"10.5937/civitas1902058b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1902058b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The structure of social motivation and sources of stress among students 学生社会动机的结构和压力的来源
Civitas Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/civitas1901099q
Jelena Čolaković-Lončar
{"title":"The structure of social motivation and sources of stress among students","authors":"Jelena Čolaković-Lončar","doi":"10.5937/civitas1901099q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/civitas1901099q","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37246,"journal":{"name":"Civitas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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