{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of pyridinium-based dicationic ionic liquid and its application in corrosion mitigation of 6061Al-10(vol%) SiC(p) composite in 0.05M HCl","authors":"Namitha Kedimar , Padmalatha Rao , Suma A. Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present investigation, a novel ionic liquid, 4,4′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)pyridin-1-ium) chloride (HMP), was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. The electrochemical performance of HMP as a corrosion inhibitor for 6061Al–10 vol% SiC metal matrix composite (6061Al-CM) was evaluated in 0.05M HCl solution. Electrochemical measurements revealed that HMP exhibited a maximum inhibition efficiency of 94 % at 303 K. The compound functioned as a mixed-type inhibitor, predominantly undergoing physisorption, and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the formation of a protective inhibitor film on the composite surface. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) provided insights into the electronic properties of HMP and its adsorption behavior on the metal surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A thermodynamic approach towards the phase separation phenomena and micellization of tetronic 701 and tetronic 90R4 in aqueous solutions","authors":"Dipali Roy , Bappaditya Naskar , Tanushree Bala","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetronics are X-shaped multi-stimuli responsive (pH- and temperature-sensitive) block copolymers made of poly ethylene oxide (PEO) and poly propylene oxide (PPO) blocks joined by a central ethylenediamine group. In this work, temperature and pH dependent micellization behaviour and phase separation phenomena have been studied with two Tetronics: Tetronic 701 having normal sequence and Tetronic 90R4 with a reverse sequence. The first one shows a single cloud point across all concentrations under investigation, whereas the second one shows double cloud points in the concentration range of 10–90 mM in acidic, normal and basic pH. In acidic pH, the core ethylene diamine group of both the copolymers remain in di-protonated structure, making them more hydrophilic, hence impeding the formation of micelles. The evaluation of the energetics of micellization and clouding phenomena have revealed that position of PPO and PEO w.r.t. central diamine moiety and the PPO/PEO content-ratio in Tetronics can affect these phenomena significantly. The enthalpy-entropy compensation plots for both processes are found to be linear. DLS has been used to evaluate the micellar diameters of the copolymers in the solution. A comprehensive analysis of the energetics behind the micellization and the clouding phenomena of Tetronics will facilitate their application in different fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled influence of thermo diffusion and Brownian motion on bioconvection in Prandtl nanofluids across curved geometries","authors":"Amar B. Patil , Vishwambhar S. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the innovative synergy between magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and bioconvection in the flow dynamics of Prandtl nanofluids over curved surfaces. By introducing these coupled phenomena, the study uncovers a new realm of heat and mass transfer enhancement mechanisms that are uniquely applicable to advanced thermal systems. Curved interfaces play a pivotal role in the dynamics of nanofluid flow, particularly in systems where non-planar geometries are inherent, such as biological membranes, microchannel networks, or industrial heat exchangers. Partial differential equations numerically represent the study considering the curved surface's deformation vortices. The shooting method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta approach are used to numerically solve the governing equations once they have been converted into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. MATLAB simulations are then utilized to evaluate the temperature, concentration, velocity, and bioconvective fields. The influence of MHD modifies fluid flow and heat distribution by the induced magnetic field, leading to alterations in the velocity profile and thermal boundary layer, ultimately enhancing heat dissipation efficiency. Simultaneously, bioconvection driven by buoyancy forces within the fluid medium creates intricate particle movements that redistribute the concentration of nanoparticles, directly influencing the system's thermal conductivity. Therefore, the study demonstrates that a synergistic increase in thermo diffusion and Brownian motion parameters leads to a peak enhancement of heat and mass transfer rates by up to 38 % and 42 %, respectively, compared to the flat plate scenario. In addition, higher Peclet numbers and microorganism density are found to amplify bioconvective cell accumulation near the surface, thickening the microorganism concentration layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rongde Sun , Jiaxin Tang , Chengren Li , Nan Zhou , Chen Wang , Haoxin Xue , Shizhen Lin , Changjun Peng , Honglai Liu , Shaoze Zhang
{"title":"The interactions between imidazolyl ionic liquids and electrolyte additives in lithium metal batteries: a theoretical study","authors":"Rongde Sun , Jiaxin Tang , Chengren Li , Nan Zhou , Chen Wang , Haoxin Xue , Shizhen Lin , Changjun Peng , Honglai Liu , Shaoze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the presence of additives, the use of ionic liquid as the electrolyte in lithium metal batteries can markedly enhance their performance. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for this enhancement remains unclear. In this study, we employ density functional theory (DFT) to study the interactions among imidazole cations and double (three fluorinated methyl sulfonyl) imide anions with five conventional additives. This work elucidates the interaction between ionic liquids and additives, which may provide reference for designing ionic liquid-based electrolytes suitable for lithium metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128061"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deuterium reinforced liquid crystals - synthesis and photochemical stability of deuterium labelled cyano-oligophenyls","authors":"Marta Żak, Jakub Herman, Przemysław Kula","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photostability of Liquid Crystals (LCs) is one of the most important issues from the point of view of the lifetime of liquid crystalline devices. Organic molecules in such devices are exposed to long-term electromagnetic radiation and high temperatures, which initiates photodegradation processes and contributes to the deterioration of device performance and functionality. In this work, we developed a synthesis of tetra-deuterated cyano-oligophenyls and presented a new LC material prepared from title components. The photodegradation process was carried out for two isotopological LC mixtures, and the refractive indices, phase transition temperatures and textures were compared. LC material reinforced with deuterium atoms in its components shows enhanced UV resistance compared to an analogous LC mixture but composed of non-deuterated molecules. The results suggest the high potential of Deuterated Liquid Crystals as components of the LC mixture, showing enhanced photostability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-entropy electrolytes for low-temperature zinc-ion hybrid capacitors","authors":"Haonan Zhang , Haifeng Zhai , Danying Zuo , Jing Xu , Hongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To deal with the low-temperature problems faced by aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs), such as increased viscosity, decreased ionic conductivity, and icing, high-entropy electrolytes (HEEs) are proposed and successfully prepared. By maximizing configurational entropy, the optimized HEEs consisted of multiple solvents (≥5 solvents) exhibit freezing points below −60 °C, suppressed hydrogen evolution, and regulated Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation structures, endowing dendrite-free Zn deposition and stable Zn||Zn symmetric cell cycling of 1000 h. The ZIHC employing the optimum HEE maintains over 80 % capacitance after 5000 cycles at −20 °C, delivering an energy density of 26.45 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> with a wide voltage window of 2.0 V. The entropy-driven strategy disrupts water-dominated H-bond networks, enhances interfacial wettability, and balances ionic conductivity across temperatures. This work demonstrates the potential of high-entropy engineering to design adaptive electrolytes for extreme-condition energy storage, providing a promising approach for next-generation Zn-based energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"434 ","pages":"Article 128083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Anupama, Andria Anna Alex, Jisha Mary Thomas, Anila Rose Cherian, Letcy V. Theresa
{"title":"Glucose-Urea-Choline chloride: a versatile catalyst and solvent for the Kabachnik-Fields’ reaction","authors":"B. Anupama, Andria Anna Alex, Jisha Mary Thomas, Anila Rose Cherian, Letcy V. Theresa","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kabachnik-fields reaction is a multi-component organic reaction that gives ⍺-aminophosphonates as products. The reaction between a carbonyl group, an amine, and amino phosphonates is noteworthy due to their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, and analgesic characteristics. Low melting mixtures are also good alternatives for toxic catalysts and organic solvents. The use of organic solvent can be reduced in the Kabachnik-fields reaction by using low melting mixtures as a reaction media and catalyst. This method is cost-effective and safe. A practical synthesis of different derivatives of dialkylphosphonates was conducted. The solvent/catalyst is also easily recyclable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"434 ","pages":"Article 128079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular dynamics and DFT analysis of artemisinin solubility in acidic deep eutectic solvents: Implications for cancer drug delivery","authors":"Samaneh Boroomand , Delara Mohammad-Aghaie , Fatemeh Mohammadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs molecular dynamic simulations (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the solubility of artemisinin (ART) in three acidic deep eutectic solvents (DES): Choline chloride (ChCl) combined with tartaric acid (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), and malonic acid (MA), in comparison to water. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the solubility of ART within the DES systems, particularly in ChCl/TA, where self-aggregation is notably absent, contrasting sharply with the aggregation observed in water. The dynamics of hydrogen bonding exhibit strong interactions between ART and AA, whereas interactions in ChCl/TA are minimal. DFT calculations indicate a decrease in the energy band gap of ART in the following order: water> ChCl/AA> ChCl/MA > ChCl/TA. This trend correlates with an increase in drug reactivity and its solvation energy. Additionally, the study explores ART's interactions with cancer cell membranes, revealing significant penetration into the membranes in the presence of ChCl/MA and ChCl/TA, while ART remains predominantly at the interface in both water and ChCl/AA. Structural analyses demonstrate that ART significantly affects the average area per lipid and membrane thickness in the DES solvents, with the most pronounced alterations observed in the ChCl/TA system. These findings underscore the critical role of solvent composition in mediating interactions between ART and the lipid bilayer, suggesting that deep eutectic solvents can enhance drug delivery and improve therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128050"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual inhibition of inflammatory mediators and Coronaviridae main proteases by 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: a computational study","authors":"Armin Zarei , Aram Rezaei , Ali Ramazani","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the critical role of pro-inflammatory proteins, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in viral infections and the high bioactivity of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, this study investigates 2,5-disubstitutted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via molecular docking against COX-2, IL-1β, and coronavirus main proteases to assess their dual anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential. Molecular docking and SAR analysis identified compounds 5 m and 5n as lead candidates with strong affinities for COX-2, IL-1β, and main proteases of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and hCoV. Key interactions include hydrophobic/electrostatic binding with catalytic residues, such as Arg120 in COX-2 and the His41-Cys145 dyad in viral proteases, suggesting a disruptive effect on enzymatic functions. SAR studies reveal that R<sub>3</sub> substitution (H > Me > Ph) enhances anti-inflammatory activity, while distinct aromatic rings contribute to selective inhibition of viral proteases. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of ligand-protein interactions, with 5 m inducing the most conformational changes in inflammatory proteins and significant structural compression in viral proteases. Notably, compound 5 m induced structural compression in MERS-CoV and hCoV main proteases, potentially disrupting their enzymatic function. While nirmatrelvir caused the highest compression in SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup>, 5 m exhibited remarkable structural effects, further validating its antiviral potential. MM/PBSA and MD simulations highlight 5 m and 5n as promising anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents, with superior COX-2 and viral protease binding via electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Overall, this study provides a strong foundation for developing 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as innovative, dual-function therapeutics. The promising activities of 5 m and 5n underscores their potential as next-generation drugs targeting inflammation and viral replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128088"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Removal of acid orange-7 and ciprofloxacin from wastewater using a gemini surfactant-bentonite hybrid material","authors":"Amlanjyoti Gogoi, Jamsheera Anjudikkal, P.N. Anjana, Ajmal Koya Pulikkal","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material, prepared by intercalation of a gemini surfactant (butane-1,4-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium) dibromide), g(16-4-16), with bentonite (Bt) clay, was used for the removal of acid orange-7 (AO-7) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) from wastewater. The batch sorption study suggested optimized conditions for the sorption at 298 K as pH 3 (AO-7) and 6 (CPX), AO-7/CPX concentrations = 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, adsorbent dose = 2 g L<sup>−1</sup>, equilibrium time = 60 min. (AO-7) and 120 min. (CPX). The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material exhibited a removal efficacy of ≈ 98 % and 95.8 % towards AO-7 and CPX. With the rise in pollutant concentration (1–25 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), the sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt showed a notable increase (from 0.57 to 12.07 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for AO-7 and 0.57 to 11.43 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for CPX). The sorption studies were explored in the presence of co-existing ions such as Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, EDTA, bicarbonate, sulphate, and glycine. The removal of CPX was found to be minimally affected in the presence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> cations, and only a slight impact was found on the removal of AO-7. The sorption phenomenon followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and showed agreement with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material towards AO-7 and CPX was found to be 37.08 and 15.77 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Even after the fifth sorption-desorption cycle, the g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material sustained more than 75 % removal efficiency in both cases. Computational studies were carried out and compared with the experimental results, which showed a good agreement. The g(16-4-16)−Bt was found to be effective for the removal of AO-7 and CPX pollutants from wastewater, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and sustainable approach, which may help in environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}