{"title":"Removal of acid orange-7 and ciprofloxacin from wastewater using a gemini surfactant-bentonite hybrid material","authors":"Amlanjyoti Gogoi, Jamsheera Anjudikkal, P.N. Anjana, Ajmal Koya Pulikkal","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128060","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material, prepared by intercalation of a gemini surfactant (butane-1,4-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium) dibromide), g(16-4-16), with bentonite (Bt) clay, was used for the removal of acid orange-7 (AO-7) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) from wastewater. The batch sorption study suggested optimized conditions for the sorption at 298 K as pH 3 (AO-7) and 6 (CPX), AO-7/CPX concentrations = 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, adsorbent dose = 2 g L<sup>−1</sup>, equilibrium time = 60 min. (AO-7) and 120 min. (CPX). The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material exhibited a removal efficacy of ≈ 98 % and 95.8 % towards AO-7 and CPX. With the rise in pollutant concentration (1–25 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), the sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt showed a notable increase (from 0.57 to 12.07 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for AO-7 and 0.57 to 11.43 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for CPX). The sorption studies were explored in the presence of co-existing ions such as Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, EDTA, bicarbonate, sulphate, and glycine. The removal of CPX was found to be minimally affected in the presence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> cations, and only a slight impact was found on the removal of AO-7. The sorption phenomenon followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and showed agreement with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material towards AO-7 and CPX was found to be 37.08 and 15.77 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Even after the fifth sorption-desorption cycle, the g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material sustained more than 75 % removal efficiency in both cases. Computational studies were carried out and compared with the experimental results, which showed a good agreement. The g(16-4-16)−Bt was found to be effective for the removal of AO-7 and CPX pollutants from wastewater, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and sustainable approach, which may help in environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 128060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732225012371","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material, prepared by intercalation of a gemini surfactant (butane-1,4-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium) dibromide), g(16-4-16), with bentonite (Bt) clay, was used for the removal of acid orange-7 (AO-7) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) from wastewater. The batch sorption study suggested optimized conditions for the sorption at 298 K as pH 3 (AO-7) and 6 (CPX), AO-7/CPX concentrations = 10 mg L−1, adsorbent dose = 2 g L−1, equilibrium time = 60 min. (AO-7) and 120 min. (CPX). The g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material exhibited a removal efficacy of ≈ 98 % and 95.8 % towards AO-7 and CPX. With the rise in pollutant concentration (1–25 mg L−1), the sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt showed a notable increase (from 0.57 to 12.07 mg g−1 for AO-7 and 0.57 to 11.43 mg g−1 for CPX). The sorption studies were explored in the presence of co-existing ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, EDTA, bicarbonate, sulphate, and glycine. The removal of CPX was found to be minimally affected in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations, and only a slight impact was found on the removal of AO-7. The sorption phenomenon followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and showed agreement with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity of g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material towards AO-7 and CPX was found to be 37.08 and 15.77 mg g−1, respectively. Even after the fifth sorption-desorption cycle, the g(16-4-16)-Bt hybrid material sustained more than 75 % removal efficiency in both cases. Computational studies were carried out and compared with the experimental results, which showed a good agreement. The g(16-4-16)−Bt was found to be effective for the removal of AO-7 and CPX pollutants from wastewater, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and sustainable approach, which may help in environmental protection.
期刊介绍:
The journal includes papers in the following areas:
– Simple organic liquids and mixtures
– Ionic liquids
– Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces
– Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles
– Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals
– Ferrofluids
– Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids
– Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts
– Molten metals and salts
– Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids
– Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution
The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include:
– Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.)
– Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.)
– Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.)
– Dielectric relaxation
– X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction.
Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.