Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Lead Toxicity Testing in the Asia-Pacific - Practices, Challenges, and Policy Insights: An APFCB Communication and Publications Committee Survey report.","authors":"Vivek Pant, Deepak Parchwani, Mayank Upadhyay, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Mingma Lhamu Sherpa, Pradeep Kumar Dabla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lead exposure remains a major health concern in the Asia-Pacific, particularly affecting children. Despite its significance, lead toxicity testing is underutilized because of limited awareness, resources, and policy support. On December 16, 2024, the APFCB C-CP (Asia-Pacific Federation for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine -Communication and Publications Committee) conducted Webcast & eLearning Program Webinar themed as \"Protecting Health in Asia-Pacific: Laboratory Advances and Lead Exposure Prevention\", aimed to address these issues and acknowledge need based solutions. An online survey was conducted during webinar in real time to assess the current lead-testing practices, common exposure sources, testing challenges, and policy changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A seven-question survey was distributed to webinar participants, covering testing frequency, methodologies, exposure sources, information sources, challenges, and policy needs. A total of 66 professionals attended the session and 22 complete surveys were collected from Nepal, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Australia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lead testing was infrequent in the region, with 58.6% of the respondents reporting rare or no testing. Weekly testing has been reported in 20.7% of cases. The most commonly used methodology was point-of-care testing via anodic stripping voltammetry (37.5%) followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (25%). Occupational exposure (39.1%) was the leading source of lead poisoning, followed by dietary sources (26.1%) and environmental contamination (21.7%). Academic journals (47.5%) were the primary educational resources. Key challenges included low awareness among healthcare providers (43.5%) and resource shortage (39.1%). The most recommended policy change was to increase government support (61.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, lead testing remains infrequent across many settings, with limited routine implementation and heavy reliance on point-of-care methodologies. Occupational exposure emerged as the predominant source of lead poisoning, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Strengthening government support is identified as the most critical policy change to enhance lead testing and management efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Post-Myocardial Infarction Fibrosis: A Maladaptive but Targetable Pathway.","authors":"Duong Le","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) initiates a healing response in which fibroblasts and other cells deposit extracellular matrix to form a stabilizing scar. This scarring is essential for preventing ventricular rupture, yet when excessive or diffuse, it becomes maladaptive: fibrosis stiffens the ventricle, impairs filling, and drives progression to heart failure. Traditional antifibrotic approaches, such as broad TGF-β blockade or collagen cross-linking inhibition, have largely failed because fibroblast activity is required for early scar integrity, while established fibrosis is difficult to reverse. This review highlights endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a distinct and underappreciated contributor to post-MI fibrosis. Experimental studies indicate that EndMT supplies 10-30% of fibroblast-like cells, and evidence of EndMT is present in human ischemic cardiomyopathy. Unlike fibroblast-driven repair, EndMT is maladaptive in the adult heart: it promotes fibrosis without enhancing scar strength and reduces endothelial cell numbers, leading to microvascular rarefaction and impaired perfusion. EndMT is regulated by discrete, targetable pathways-including TGF-β/Smad, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, HIF-1α, and microRNA networks (e.g., miR-21, miR-29)-and exhibits partial reversibility. This opens opportunities for time-limited, pathway-specific interventions during the proliferative phase of healing. Emerging diagnostic tools, such as extracellular volume mapping, fibroblast activation protein PET, collagen peptide assays, and circulating fibrosis-related microRNAs, provide clinical means to detect EndMT activity. By integrating mechanistic insights with advances in molecular imaging and biomarker profiling, this review proposes EndMT-directed, biomarker-guided therapies as a precision strategy to limit maladaptive fibrosis, preserve vascular networks, and improve outcomes after MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"26-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent Call for Action: Bridging Gaps in Asia-Pacific Laboratories' Transition to ISO 15189:2022.","authors":"Vivek Pant, Deepak Parchwani, Mayank Upadhyay, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Mingma Lhamu Sherpa, Pradeep Kumar Dabla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ISO 15189:2022 introduces key updates to medical laboratory standards, emphasizing risk management, ethics, and technical competence. With the December 2025 deadline for ISO 15189:2012 to 15189:2022 transition nearing, a cross-sectional survey was conducted during the Asia-Pacific Federation of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine webinar on February 21, 2025, to assess readiness. On 303 total responses, awareness was high, with 85% familiar with the revised standard and 92% recognizing its stronger focus on risk management. Most (78%) viewed the transition as highly important, and 82% expected improvements in quality and patient care. Major barriers included financial constraints (65%), insufficient training (72%), and resistance to change (45%). Preparation efforts reported were gap analyses (68%), training programs (75%), and policy updates (70%). While optimism is strong, resource limitations and skills gaps threaten timely adoption. The findings highlight the urgent need for structured training, financial support, and expert guidance to help laboratories, particularly in resource-limited settings, meet the new requirements. Collaboration among laboratories, professional bodies, and regulatory authorities will be crucial to ensure a smooth and effective transition to ISO 15189:2022, enabling more accurate, reliable, and patient-centered diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Practices and Green Lab Initiatives in Clinical Laboratories in Pakistan: A National e-Survey-Based Analysis.","authors":"Sibtain Ahmed, Alizeh Sonia Fatimi, Imran Siddiqui, Ghazanfar Abbas, Sahar Iqbal, Mohsin Shafi, Khushbakht Arbab, Rizwan Uppal, Asma Shaukat, Muhammad Dilawar Khan, Muhammad Qaiser Alam Khan, Adnan Mustafa Zubairi, Syed Haider Nawaz Naqvi, Junaid Mahmood Alam, Tomris Ozben","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical laboratories play a vital role in healthcare but contribute significantly to environmental challenges through high energy consumption, water usage, and waste generation. Pakistan's healthcare sector faces challenges, including limited funding and inadequate awareness of sustainable practices. There is little data on the extent to which clinical laboratories in Pakistan have implemented green practices, making it crucial to assess current efforts and identify barriers to adoption. This study aims to assess the adoption of sustainability and green lab practices in clinical laboratories across Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted by the Chemical Pathology section at Aga Khan University (AKU) using a structured questionnaire. The survey comprised 13 sections to evaluate sustainability practices, covering demographics, current green practices (energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, etc.), barriers to implementation, environmental and cost impacts, and future goals. It assessed laboratories' existing efforts, challenges, and aspirations for improving sustainability. The survey was distributed via Google Forms to major laboratories across Pakistan via WhatsApp and email. Data was analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Corporation, 2018) software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 laboratories across the country, from the capital Islamabad and all provincial capitals participated in the survey. Key findings include widespread adoption of energy-efficient lighting (75%) and electronic reporting (91.7%), but limited use of water-saving technologies (8.3%) and renewable energy (0%). Barriers like limited resources (58.3%), lack of staff awareness (50%), and financial constraints (41.7%) hindered green practices, though 41.7% reported moderate cost savings. Future goals focused on green certifications (58.3%), recycling programs (50%), and energy-efficient upgrades (41.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the urgent need for structured sustainability policies, financial incentives, and educational programs to enhance green laboratory practices in Pakistan. While some progress has been made, significant gaps remain in energy efficiency, waste management, and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride - Glucose (TyG) Index as a Screening Tool in Community Settings for Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mustakin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and many cases remain undiagnosed until complications occur. Early identification in community settings is crucial. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a simple and low-cost surrogate marker of insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance and applicability of the TyG index as a community-based screening tool for identifying individuals at risk of T2DM in young and adult populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline (2015-2025). Observational studies in community or primary care populations were included if they reported TyG cutoff and diagnostic accuracy metrics. Data extraction covered study design, population, TyG cutoff values, and performance metrics. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies conducted across Asia, Latin America, and Europe met the inclusion criteria. TyG cutoff values varied between 4.49-9.45. In nearly all studies, higher TyG values were significantly associated with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose, or incident T2DM. The TyG index frequently demonstrated comparable or superior diagnostic performance relative to HOMA-IR in prediction settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is a feasible, reliable, and low-cost biomarker for community-level screening of T2DM risk. For implementation in settings like Indonesia, local validation of cutoff values and cost-effectiveness studies are needed. Implementation of the TyG index in primary-care screening could improve cost-effective detection of metabolic risk in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Changes of Liver Function Tests in Relation to Adiposity in the Community: The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study.","authors":"Manon Scyboz, Noushin Sadat Ahanchi, Montserrat Fraga, Julien Vaucher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver function test (LFT; including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase) results are modulated by multiple factors, but their temporal changes have been insufficiently explored, especially in relation to aging and adiposity. First, we assessed the trends of LFTs levels over time across different age groups and sexes. Second, we tested the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between levels of LFTs and anthropometric measurements capturing various degree of adiposity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5171 participants (2393 males), aged 35-75 years at baseline (2003-2006), from a prospective population-based cohort (CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study), were included and followed up until 2019-2023. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, relative fat mass, body shape index, body roundness index, waist-to-weight ratio and body surface area. Boxplots presented changes of LFTs across age groups. Multiple linear regressions and multilevel mixed models were used to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between levels of LFTs and anthropometric measurements, adjusting for a large range of variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LFTs values showed distinct temporal changes between age groups and sexes. Anthropometric measurements capturing various degree of adiposity demonstrated a strong and significant association (p<0.001) with all four LFTs in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. These associations remained robust even after adjusting for multiple covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a population-based study, LFTs changed over time according to age and sex. These changes were independently associated with markers of adiposity, showing the importance of interpreting LFTs based on the clinical context, especially in presence of overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLAIR 2025: Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst for the Future of Laboratory Medicine.","authors":"Bernard Gouget, Swarup Shah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"593-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12743329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI Based Predictive Modelling for Internal Quality Control: A Machine Learning Approach Using Altair RapidMiner.","authors":"Jayesh Warade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internal Quality Control (IQC) ensures accuracy and reliability in laboratory testing but traditionally relies on reactive, threshold-based methods. These approaches often fail to detect subtle process deviations in time, potentially compromising quality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a machine learning-based predictive model for early detection of IQC deviations using Altair RapidMiner, enhancing proactive quality management in clinical laboratories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analytical study was conducted using 4,572 IQC records from Meenakshi Labs, covering 8 analytes across multiple instruments. Data preprocessing included cleaning, feature engineering, and encoding. Three classification algorithms - Decision Tree, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Random Forest - were developed using Altair RapidMiner's no-code environment. Models were evaluated via 10-fold cross-validation using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Random Forest model outperformed others with 92.0% accuracy, 91.0% precision, 89.4% recall, and an AUC of 0.932. Key predictive features included analyte type, control level, reagent lot, and operator ID. The model correctly predicted 68% of future out-of-control events within a 24-hour window, demonstrating potential for preventive action. Feature importance analysis enhanced model interpretability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning, particularly Random Forest, effectively augments IQC by enabling predictive monitoring. Altair RapidMiner offers a user-friendly platform, making advanced analytics accessible even without programming skills. This approach aligns with Quality 4.0 initiatives, promoting data-driven, real-time decision-making in laboratory quality assurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"491-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12743339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Interference of Residual 'Teepol' Detergent on Serum Electrolytes, Protein, and Cholesterol: An In-Vitro Study.","authors":"Kavindya Fernando, Dilini Jayasekara, Chiranthi Welhenge, Mihilie Kulasinghe, Piumi Silva, Bktp Dayanath","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In low-resource settings, reusing blood collection tubes cleaned with detergents such as 'Teepol' is common due to economic constraints. However, residual detergent may interfere with biochemical assays. This study evaluated the effect of residual 'Teepol' on serum electrolyte, total protein, and cholesterol, with emphasis on direct ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A controlled interference experiment was conducted using pooled human serum spiked with increasing concentrations of 'Teepol' (0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% v/v of original detergent). Serum sodium and potassium were measured using direct ISE (Ortho_Vitros^® 4600), while total protein and cholesterol were measured via colorimetric methods (BS 800M). All analytes were tested in a single run to avoid inter-run variability. Statistical significance was assessed via Pearson correlation and comparison against 95% confidence intervals derived from quality control data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum sodium and potassium showed a concentration-dependent decline with increasing 'Teepol'. At 1.0%, sodium decreased by ~12% and potassium by ~43% compared to control, with values falling outside the 95% confidence intervals, confirming significant interference. Total protein and cholesterol measurements remained within expected analytical variation. Strong negative correlations were observed for sodium (R=-0.966) and potassium (R=-0.989) with 'Teepol' concentration (p< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Residual 'Teepol' ≥0.5% v/v significantly interferes with serum sodium and potassium measurements using direct ISE. These findings highlight the importance of strict tube-washing protocols or the use of disposable tubes for critical assays. Inconsistent cleaning practices in low-resource laboratories may allow such interference, posing a risk to result accuracy and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12743352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Soluble CD36 Levels in the Clinical Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy.","authors":"Iyyama Gowri Moovendhan, A K Roopa, E Karthick, M Ganesh, K Sowmya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major contributors to end stage kidney disease globally. Reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis of DN still exists as a major challenge. Serum soluble CD36 (sCD36) involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress has been identified as a likely biomarker of DN. Herein, we assess the relationship between sCD36 and clinical worsening of DN, to determine its potential diagnostic value.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A case- control study involving 160 participants, categorized into four groups was conducted i.e., healthy individuals, diabetics with normo-albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria (n = 40).Demographic variables and biochemical parameters were compared. The concentrations of sCD36 in serum samples were determined, as well as correlation analysis between sCD36, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were performed. The diagnostic performance of sCD36 was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum sCD36 levels rose progressively from 9.97 ng/mL in the control group to 12.13 ng/mL in the macroalbuminuria group, p < 0.001. Patients with higher sCD36 levels also had higher fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, and UACR with a lower eGFR. The ROC analysis of sCD36 gave an AUC of 0.908, showing excellent diagnostic capability of the model. The optimal cut-off value of 10.6 ng/mL yielded 87.5 % sensitivity and 80.83% specificity for detecting advanced DN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased serum sCD36 levels correlates directly to DN progression, hence being a promising candidate biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. The possible direct application of sCD36 into clinical practice might help improve DN management and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12743335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}