{"title":"Changes in the pH and the Flow Rate of Saliva During Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Reda Jakavičė, Alvyda Žarovienė","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.66","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to assess salivary flow and pH changes at various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, SAGE Journals, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and ScienceDirect, without any publication date restrictions until January 2022 was conducted. The Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA 2020 version) protocol was adopted and the risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. Out of 4902 articles, 25 were fully evaluated, and seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The results showed that orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances increased the stimulated salivary flow rate during various stages of treatment. However, the unstimulated salivary flow rate showed different changes. Furthermore, stimulated salivary pH increased, whereas unstimulated salivary pH significantly decreased, depending on the specific period of orthodontic treatment. Overall, fixed orthodontic appliances have an impact on salivary flow rate and pH during different stages of treatment. Nevertheless, the current literature is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. More well-designedrandomized studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 3","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/f5/tjo-36-199.PMC10548056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciana P B Arcas, Kusai Baroudi, Caroline A B de Matos, Fabiana C Ribeiro, Laís R Silva-Concílio, Marina Amaral
{"title":"Bond Strength and Surface Roughness of Two Ceramics After Metal Bracket Debonding.","authors":"Luciana P B Arcas, Kusai Baroudi, Caroline A B de Matos, Fabiana C Ribeiro, Laís R Silva-Concílio, Marina Amaral","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aims of this study were to compare the bond strength between metallic brackets and two different glass ceramics and to evaluate the ceramic surface roughness after different finishing protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The surface roughness of lithium disilicate and resin matrix ceramic samples was measured (initial). All samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane and bonded to metallic brackets with orthodontic cement adhesive. Shear bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine (n=12). The surface roughness was measured again (intermediate, n=6) after removing the remaining cement adhesive from the ceramic surfaces with a diamond or 24-blade bur after polishing the ceramic surfaces (final, n=6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resin matrix ceramic had the highest bond strength. The rotatory instrument used for the removal of cement adhesive did not affect the surface roughness of the resin matrix ceramic or lithium disilicate (p=0.985 and p=0.504, respectively), but did affect the evaluation time (p<0.001) for both restorative materials. The intermediate roughness was the highest. For the resin matrix ceramic, polishing promoted a final surface roughness similar to the initial condition; however, changes in the surface shape of this ceramic could be visibly observed when using a 24-blade bur.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bond strength of metallic brackets bonded on resin-matrix ceramics is higher than bonding on lithium disilicate. The use of diamond burs for the removal of the remaining adhesive from the resin matrix ceramics is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 3","pages":"194-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/1f/tjo-36-194.PMC10548060.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Starting Mandibular Advancement Device Therapy in Patients with Good Protrusive Capacity: A Randomized Pilot Study.","authors":"Marie Marklund","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Discomfort has been related to the poor acceptance of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The present study compared severe initial side effects between a smaller and a larger degree of mandibular advancement in patients with a good protrusive capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a good protrusive capacity (≥8 mm) were randomized to start treatment with the mandible advanced by either 70% of maximum protrusion (Adv70%) or by 4 mm (Adv4mm) in a pilot study with a parallel design. The main outcome was tenderness or pain in the teeth or jaws using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) (from \"not at all\" to \"very extensive\") or excluded use because of side effects during the first week of treatment. Secondary outcomes included salivation problems and bite changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients were randomly selected and 17 patients fulfilled the study protocol. Four patients in the Adv70% group and none in the Adv4mm group reported severe tenderness or pain (VAS ≥7) on five or more of the seven days (p=0.03). The degree of mandibular advancement measured in millimeters correlated with the number of days with severe side effects, r=0.64 (p=0.006). The secondary side effects were minor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Starting MAD treatment with 70% mandibular advancement was related to more severe side effects during the first week of treatment compared with a smaller fixed millimeter value in patients with a good protrusive capacity in this pilot study.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 3","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/1a/tjo-36-158.PMC10548059.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Software in Predicting the Size of Impacted Canine: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Muralidharan Dhanasekaran, Shahul Hameed Faizee, Krishnaswamy Nathamuni Rengarajan","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare and analyze the precision, accuracy, and reliability of commonly used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) software in predicting the mesiodistal diameter of impacted canines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 11 patients (six males and five females, mean age: 17.5±5.5 years) with either unilateral or bilateral impacted canines in the maxilla or mandible. DICOM data sets of the patients obtained from CBCT scans were then loaded and visualized with four selected CBCT software to measure the widest mesiodistal diameter of the impacted teeth. Physical measurements using a digital vernier caliper, kept as a control, were also made on the extracted teeth and orthodontically erupted teeth. The collected data underwent statistical analysis, and the statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to quantify the agreement between different software to the digital caliper, showing a narrow difference for all plots. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test followed by a post hoc test was performed to determine whether there was any difference in measuring the mesiodistal diameter of the impacted canine among the five methods, and tend no statistically significant difference was found among the five methods. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was performed, and measurements made with all CBCT software yielded an ICC greater than 0.95, indicating high reliability of the selected software.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the evaluated CBCT imaging software exhibited a high degree of reliability, and accuracy in precise measurement of the mesiodistal diameter of an impacted tooth.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/59/tjo-36-111.PMC10318846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the Flash-Free Adhesive System for a 6-month Period: A Split-Mouth Trial.","authors":"Dina Baker, Selma Elekdağ Türk","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the adhesive pre-coated (APC) flash-free (FF) appliance system (3M Unitek) with an operator-coated (OC) system (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste; 3M Unitek) in terms of bond failure, bracket survival, and chair time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center study was planned with 30 non-extraction patients, 22 females and 8 males with an average age of 17 years and 5 months. A split-mouth design was used, and bonding time, failed brackets, reasons for failure, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were noted. The data were analyzed with the chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OC and FF adhesive-coated brackets demonstrated bond failure rates of 0.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Failure rates and survival rates presented a statistically significant difference (p=0.033). Although higher bond failure for the lower arch along with higher bond failure for the incisor teeth compared with the premolar teeth were found, these findings were not statistically significant (p=0.128; p=0.261, respectively). The effect of gender on the bond failure rate (p=0.463) and survival rate (p=0.473) was not statistically significant. A significant difference was obtained for the ARI scores (p=0.011). The bonding time for each bracket type (64.43 seconds for FF versus 98.97 seconds for OC) demonstrated a significant difference (p=0.174).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bond failure rate was higher for the FF APC brackets, but the chair time reduction during bonding was recorded. Therefore, it seems that FF APC brackets are promising. Trial registration: ISRCTNand ISRCTN26731749. Registered October 7, 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN26731749.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/1f/tjo-36-118.PMC10318845.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9745326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-office Customized Brackets: Aligning with the Future.","authors":"Nearchos C Panayi","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital technology introduced many innovations in the field of dentistry and orthodontics in the last years. The most important advancement was the ability to digitize the oral cavity using intraoral scanners. CAD software have been around for decades, but only in the last twenty years started showing up in the field of dentistry and orthodontics. 3D printers are not new in the field of manufacturing. Nevertheless, their inclusion in the orthodontist armamentarium was made possible only the last few years, while new printing materials have been also invented, allowing the manufacturing of many appliances previously made using traditional laboratory procedures. Orthodontic treatment is mainly based on the use of fixed appliances. The vast majority of orthodontists use commercial straight-wire brackets while customized brackets are preferred mostly for lingual orthodontic treatment. New CAD software called Ubrackets allows the in-office designing and printing of customized brackets using hybrid ceramic crown resin or zirconia slurry. Some scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the bracket printing outcome in terms of mechanical properties. More studies must be performed to allow the inclusion of in-office designing and printing of customized brackets in the orthodontic armamentarium.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/ad/tjo-36-143.PMC10318847.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9745322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of Cephalometric Measurements Performed on Smartphone-Based Application and Computer-Based Imaging Software: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Vinay Kumar Chugh, Navleen Kaur Bhatia, Dipti Shastri, Sam Prasanth Shankar, Surjit Singh, Rinkle Sardana","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to compare the reliability of cephalometric analysis using a smartphone-based application with conventional computer-based imaging software.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 50 subjects (26 males, 24 females; mean age, 19.2 years; ±4.2) were traced using the OneCeph® application and Dolphin imaging software®. Two independent observers identified seventeen landmarks and measured fourteen cephalometric measurements at an interval of. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Student's t-test was used to compare the means of two measurement methods for observer 1 and observer 2. Additionally, the time taken to complete the cephalometric measurements was also compared between the two methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good (ICC 0.75-0.90) to excellent (ICC 0.90-1.00) interobserver and intraobserver reliability was observed for all hard and soft tissue measurements with both methods. No significant differences were found between the two measurement methods for both observers (p<0.05). OneCeph application took significantly more time to complete the analysis than Dolphin imaging software (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cephalometric measurements made through a smartphone-based application showed good to excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability and are comparable with the computer-based software. Therefore, it can be recommended for clinical use. The time taken to complete the cephalometric measurements was more with a smartphone-based application (OneCeph application) compared to computer-based software (Dolphin imaging software).</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/4e/tjo-36-94.PMC10318850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of 3D Printers in Orthodontics - A Narrative Review.","authors":"Tuğçe Ergül, Ayşegül Güleç, Merve Göymen","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developments in computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing have revolutionized the workflow for orthodontic applications. The purpose of this review article is to provide information about 3D printer history and types, appliances manufactured using 3D printers, and new designs that can be used in different cases. Articles published between January 2010 and November 2020 were reviewed on PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Google academic resources, and 69 were identified as appropriate for the study. It was seen that bracket and archwires, nasoalveolar molding devices, orthognathic surgical splints, removable appliances, expansion appliances, clear aligner, retainers, auxiliary attachments, and working models can all be made with 3D printers. The 3D printer is now a technology that is easily accessible to orthodontists, increasing the production of different customizable appliances and promising a transition to a digital clinical workflow in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/f4/tjo-36-134.PMC10318848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9745324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aline Gonçalves, Athénaïs Collard, Francisca Monteiro, David Matos, Óscar Carvalho, Rui Azevedo, Filipe S Silva, Teresa Pinho
{"title":"Accuracy of Invisalign<sup>®</sup> on Upper Incisors: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Aline Gonçalves, Athénaïs Collard, Francisca Monteiro, David Matos, Óscar Carvalho, Rui Azevedo, Filipe S Silva, Teresa Pinho","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current systematic review appraises the effectiveness of the types of tooth movements performed with Invisalign<sup>®</sup> clear aligner on the maxillary incisors. An electronic literature search of published trials was performed through PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and selected journals, from 2009 to 2020. Out of 291 references, five relevant publications were identified for analysis: four studies were performed retrospectively and one prospectively, all non-randomized. Despite the limited set of selected articles, the sample size is significant, with 148 subjects included in the reviewed studies involving the orthodontic treatment of upper incisors. We concluded that movements with the Invisalign<sup>®</sup> clear aligner on the upper incisors present distinct accuracy, possibly related with movement complexity; intrusion of the incisors has low accuracy (in some cases, 0% of accuracy was reported when the tooth extruded), while incisor extrusion exhibit some of the highest accuracy values reported in the included studies (45%-142%, when the achieved movement was greater than the predicted). Besides, axial (i.e., torque and tip) and horizontal (i.e., translation and rotation) movements are usually effective, with accuracy values between 39%-156% and 42%-79%, respectively. Overall, we determined that the efficiency of aligner to reach the desired movements in the upper incisors was low, as often refinements were required in the included studies. The use of aligner features must be more often considered to improve movement accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"36 2","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/18/tjo-36-126.PMC10318852.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}