BDJ Open最新文献

{"title":"Pure rotation in the temporomandibular joint during jaw opening? A digital motion analysis","authors":"Bálint Jász, Tamás Balogh, Szilvia Ambrus, Péter Schmidt, Gréta Lilla Bányai, Szandra Körmendi, Máté Jász","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00213-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00213-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>In the temporomandibular joint two separate movements of rotation and translation occur in two articular spaces during mouth opening. Over the years, the approach has changed considerably, but it is still subject to controversy as to which of these movement is involved in the initial stage of mouth opening. In the present study, the extent of rotation and translation was investigated in the first 5 mm of mouth opening.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>The study was carried out on 46 volunteers. Anamnesis was taken and patients were examined. For the investigation, an ultrasonic digital motion analyser (KaVo Arcus Digma 2) was applied. The measurements were made after calibration to an arbitrary axis. Each participant performed three open-close movements in succession, starting from maximum intercuspal position.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Data were statistically processed using cubic spline interpolation. Linear regression was then used. The resulting line is significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) different from the horizontal that represents only rotational movement.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results show that during mouth opening from maximum intercuspal position, translation is present continuously in addition to rotation. Therefore, it might be time to re-evaluate the principle of a pure rotational approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ability of different compositions of calcium silicate and epoxy sealers to withstand gutta percha removal via in vitro pull-out testing","authors":"Idan Stiklaru, Ella Lalum, Sobhi Hamoud, Maayan Paz, Avi Levin, Joe Ben Itzhak, Nirit Yavnai, Pavel Gorenbein, Michael Solomonov","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00212-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>examination of the influence of chemical composition changes on the ability of sealers to withstand a pull-out test.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Fifty distal or palatal canals of extracted teeth were prepared by Dc Taper files. The teeth were divided into five groups: AH Plus, BJM RCS, Total Fill BC,AH Plus Bioceramic and a group with Gutta Percha with no sealer added. Ten days after obturation, each cone was subjected to the “pull-out test” with the Shimadzo Universal Testing Machine until it was torn or removed from the canal. A force to Stroke graph was generated and the maximum vertex of this graph was recorded. The number of times the cone was torn or removed was recorded.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The amount of force needed to remove or rupture the cone was significantly higher in all sealer groups compared to the AH Plus Bioceramic group. The force needed for the AH Plus group was double that needed for the AH Plus Bioceramic group 4 (1.87 ± 0.53 N vs 0.93 ± 0.48 N, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). All of the cones (<i>n</i> = 10) in the AH Plus Bio Ceramic Sealer group were removed in their entirety (<i>P</i> = 0.01 compared to each of the other groups).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The addition of macromolecules to epoxy sealer does not change the material’s ability to withstand the pull-out test. Decreasing the amount of tri- and di-calcium silicate compounds combined with increasing amounts of zirconium oxide in a Bioceramic sealer significantly decreased the material’s ability to withstand the pull-out test.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signaling pathways of dental implants’ osseointegration: a narrative review on two of the most relevant; NF-κB and Wnt pathways","authors":"Samar Mohamed Emam, Nermine Moussa","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00211-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00211-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Cell signaling pathways are the biological reactions that control cell functions and fate. They also directly affect the body reactions to implanted biomaterials. It is well-known that dental implants success depends on a successful integration with the alveolar bone: “osseointegration” which events comprise early and later responses to the implanted biomaterials. The early events are mainly immune-inflammatory responses to the implant considered by its microenvironment as a foreign body. Later reactions are osteogenic aiming to regulate bone formation and remodeling. All these events are controlled by the cell signaling pathways in an incredible harmonious coordination.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>The number of pathways having a role in osseointegration is so big to be reviewed in a single article. So the aim of this review was to study only two of the most relevant ones: the inflammatory Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway regulating the early osseointegration events and the osteogenic Wnt pathway regulating later events.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a literature review using key databases to provide an overview about the NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways and their mutual relationship with dental implants. A simplified narrative approach was conducted to explain these cell signaling pathways, their mode of activation and how they are related to the cellular events of osseointegration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and conclusion</h3><p>NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways are important cross-talking pathways that are affected by the implant’s material and surface characteristics. The presence of the implant itself in the bone alters the intracellular events of both pathways in the adjacent implant’s cellular microenvironment. Both pathways have a great role in the success or failure of osseointegration. Such knowledge can offer a new hope to treat failed implants and enhance osseointegration in difficult cases. This is consistent with advances in Omics technologies that can change the paradigm of dental implant therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The demineralization resistance and mechanical assessments of different bioactive restorative materials for primary and permanent teeth: an in vitro study","authors":"Maria Salem Ibrahim, Fahad Rakad Aldhafeeri, Abdullah Sami Banaemah, Mana S. Alhaider, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00209-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00209-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This article examines the efficacy of two bioactive dental composites in preventing demineralization while preserving their mechanical and physical properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>The study compares Beautifil Kids and Predicta® Bioactive Bulk-Fill (Predicta) composites with conventional dental composite. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a universal testing machine. A pH-cycling model assessed the composites’ ability to prevent dentin demineralization. Color stability and surface roughness were measured using a spectrophotometer and non-contact profilometer, respectively, before and after pH-cycling, brushing simulation, and thermocycling aging.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Beautifil Kids exhibited the highest flexural strength and elastic modulus among the materials (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Predicta demonstrated the highest increase in dentin surface microhardness following the pH-cycling model (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All groups showed clinically significant color changes after pH-cycling, with no significant differences between them (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Predicta exhibited greater color change after brushing and increased surface roughness after thermocycling aging (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). While Beautifil Kids had higher surface roughness after pH-cycling (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion/Conclusion</h3><p>Bioactive restorative materials with ion-releasing properties demonstrate excellent resistance to demineralization while maintaining mechanical and physical properties comparable to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes toward anaphylaxis to local anesthetics in dental practice","authors":"Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, Juan C. Gallardo-Bastidas, Gabriela Rouillon Borrero, Hans Mautong, Paola Andrea Mena Silva, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Leonardo Cano, Karla Robles-Velasco","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00210-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00210-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective/aim</h3><p>The absence of a comprehensive understanding of potential anaphylactic reactions to local anesthetics (LAs) and management can result in grave consequences. For this reason we aim to assess Latin American dentists’ knowledge, preparedness, and competency in managing anaphylactic reactions to LAs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and Methods</h3><p><b>Design:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. Board-certified dentists answered a survey comprising 26 structured questions. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were performed in Stata 17.0. <b>Setting:</b> Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Of 507 respondents, lidocaine was the most frequently used LA (88.1%). While 85.2% could identify dyspnea as a symptom of anaphylaxis, only 50.1% knew the correct route for epinephrine administration, and just 43.5% had epinephrine in their emergency kits. Confidence in managing anaphylactic reactions was low (9.6%). Older age was inversely related to both knowledge of anaphylaxis management and the possession of epinephrine (<i>P</i> = 0.003 and <i>P</i> = 0.0001, respectively).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion</h3><p>Our study highlights a concerning discrepancy between the practical readiness of Latin American dentists in handling anaphylaxis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The study’s findings underscore the need for educational interventions to improve the readiness to identify and handle anaphylactic emergencies in dental practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling motives for dentistry studies: psychometric validation of a comprehensive questionnaire among aspiring dental students.","authors":"Jorge Moncayo-Rizzo, Geovanny Alvarado-Villa, Iván Cherrez-Ojeda, Juan Carlos Gallardo, Eleonor Velez Leon, Susana Patricia Gonzalez Eras","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00208-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41405-024-00208-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire for dental students in Ecuador to assess their reasons to study dentistry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 25-item questionnaire was developed by the authors based on similar studies and a qualitative study. The questionnaire had five theoretical factors: economic, professional, vocational, social and academic reasons for study. In the first two samples, exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the structure, and the models obtained were compared with confirmatory factor analysis in the third sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three samples were used, sample A with 201 participants, sample B with 623 participants, and sample C with 596 participants. Two-thirds of the participants were female and almost one-third were from coast region. The EFA applied in sample A resulted in a five-factor model with 18 items; in contrast, a three-factor model was obtained from sample B. According to the CFA in sample C, the best model was explained by three factors: labor, vocational and academic reasons. Considering two items to cross-load in labor and vocational factors, which are theoretically justified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a 12-item questionnaire that assesses labor, vocational and academic reasons for studying dentistry in an Ecuadorian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitude and performance in controlling dust particles from dental prosthesis and appliance adjustment: a survey of dentists and dental assistants.","authors":"Nareudee Limpuangthip, Prarom Salimee, Phanomporn Vanichanon","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00206-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41405-024-00206-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the attitude and practices of dentists and dental assistants in managing dust particles generated during dental prostheses or appliances grinding and polishing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were collected from 207 dentists and 125 dental assistants through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included adjusted prosthesis types, self-protective methods, types and frequency of protective device use, and reasons for non-frequent use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protective grinding devices, including dust protective boxes and mounted plastic sheets, were commonly used for substantial acrylic resin adjustments, while air blowing was preferred for minor adjustments. Post-COVID-19, there was a 3-fold increase in the use of protective grinding devices among dentists and a 1.3-fold increase among dental assistants. During try-in procedures, dentists commonly rinsed prostheses with water rather than using disinfectants. Non-frequent users adopted self-protection methods, such as face shields and air filters. Surgical drapes and high-volume evacuators were used for patient's protection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite an increased tendency of the use of protective grinding devices following COVID-19, a significant number still report infrequent use. Identified protective devices in this study have drawbacks not fully meeting dentists' expectations. Invention of a more user-friendly device is necessary to ensure regular use, preventing potential toxicity from dust particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10951335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of self-cured versus light-cured universal adhesive in patients with non-carious cervical lesions: 18-month randomized clinical trial","authors":"Aya Gamal Ashour, Rawda Hesham Abd ElAziz, Asmaa Ali Yassen","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00204-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00204-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the clinical performance of self versus light-cured universal adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) after 18 months.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Sixty-eight NCCLs in 28 patients were divided into two equal groups; G1: self-cured universal adhesive (Palfique,Tokuyama,Japan) and G2: light-cured universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal,3 M ESPE,USA). Nanohybrid resin composite (Z350XT, 3 M ESPE, USA) was used as a final restoration. Evaluation for fracture, loss of retention, marginal adaptation and discoloration were done after 1 week, 6,12, and 18 months using FDI criteria. Postoperative sensitivity was assessed after 1 week. Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests with statistical significance at (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) were used for intergroup comparison,while the intragroup one was performed using the Cochran’s Q and Friedman’s tests. Survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-meier and Log-rank test.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both groups exhibited fracture and retention loss, however, there was statistically significant difference favoring the control group at 6 months (<i>p</i> = 0.0114,0.0016). For secondary outcomes, marginal adaptation and discoloration revealed no significant differences. For postoperative sensitivity, there was a significant difference favoring the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.0007, 0.0011). Palfique had 1.5 Relative-Risk (RR) after 6 months (95% CI 0.5659–4.2617; <i>P</i> = 0.3928) and 20% less risk of failure after 18 months (RR 0.8) (95% CI 0.4618–1.3858; <i>P</i> = 0.4260). Tested adhesives showed equal survival rate (<i>P</i> = 0.5685).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Both adhesives revealed similar clinical performance in restoring the NCCLs after 18 m, however, the early failure was more frequent in the self-cured universal adhesive.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140167076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity and the dental team: a pilot study to explore opinions.","authors":"Sondos Albadri, Lisa Allen, Teslimat Ajeigbe","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00205-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41405-024-00205-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In total, 17% of UK households with children experience food insecurity, with evidence to suggest a direct correlation with the prevalence of oral disease. This study explores current perceptions of the dental team, when recognising and supporting families who may experience food insecurity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An online, anonymous cross-sectional survey was designed and sent to members of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry (BSPD) in June 2023, examining confidence and understanding surrounding food insecurity and dental health. Quantitative data is presented descriptively and qualitative data using a thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 9.6% (n = 76). A significant number recognise the link between poor oral health and food insecurity, 80.3% (n = 61). Although practitioners are confident in oral health counselling, 80.3% (n = 61) a smaller proportion are not as confident when approaching food insecurity 32.9% (n = 25). Dental team members recognise the need to improve identification of affected patients and that they have a professional duty to support. Intervention strategies, such as additional training to support team development and signposting of patients are indicated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that whilst dental professionals understand the link between food insecurity and oral health, and their responsibilities to those affected; they lack confidence in identifying such patients and providing support. Additional conversations and training are fundamental to better understand their role, which must reflect the needs of the population that they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10948798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can diode laser 810 nm decrease post endodontic pain in patients with asymptomatic necrotic maxillary incisors? A four-arm randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mohammad Tamer Abbara, Samar Akil, Omar Hamadah, Hassan Achour, Ghina Mahayni, Yasser Alsayed Tolibah","doi":"10.1038/s41405-024-00203-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41405-024-00203-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To find the best method for applying the diode laser 810 nm to relieve post-endodontic pain on necrotic maxillary incisors with periapical lesions within a single-visit treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients with a necrotic incisor, diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis, received standardized cleaning and shaping procedures, then divided randomly with a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio into four groups: Group 1: control group with no laser application, Group 2: applying the diode laser as an irrigation activation system (IAS), Group 3: applying the diode laser from the buccal and palatal mucosa, Group 4: applying the diode laser as an IAS and from buccal and palatal mucosa. The postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment. The mean values of the VAS score were statistically analyzed used Kruskal-Walis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The level of significance was set at a = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 14 days after treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between mean values of VAS scores in the four groups (P value < 0.05); Group 1 scored the highest score, whereas Group 4 showed the lowest one. Moreover, Group 4 showed favorable outcomes compared with Group 2 and Group 3 during the first three days after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diode laser reduced postoperative pain after necrotic teeth with large-sized apical lesion treatment, whereas using diode laser either as an IAS or LLLT reduced the postoperative pain compared with the control group. Moreover, the usage of a diode laser in both previous techniques represents the best protocol for postoperative pain relief during 14 days of treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The clinical significance of this study is to investigate the best method to reduce postoperative pain using diode lasers 810 nm; where the results of this study indicated that the more diode laser exposer in LLLT and IAS, the less postoperative pain after endodontic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":36997,"journal":{"name":"BDJ Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}