Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第5页

Manner of death prediction: A machine learning approach to classify suicide and non-suicide using blood metabolomics 死亡预测方式：使用血液代谢组学对自杀和非自杀进行分类的机器学习方法

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100580

Witchayawat Sunthon , Thitiwat Sopananurakkul , Giatgong Konguthaithip , Yutti Amornlertwatana , Somlada Watcharakhom , Kanicnan Intui , Churdsak Jaikang

{"title":"Manner of death prediction: A machine learning approach to classify suicide and non-suicide using blood metabolomics","authors":"Witchayawat Sunthon , Thitiwat Sopananurakkul , Giatgong Konguthaithip , Yutti Amornlertwatana , Somlada Watcharakhom , Kanicnan Intui , Churdsak Jaikang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The classification of the manner of death (MOD) is a critical step in forensic investigations. The process is based on scene investigation, autopsy, histological and toxicological findings. However, in complex suicide cases, these findings may be insufficient to clearly establish the MOD and need potential biomarkers to assist judicial determinations. This study aims to identify specific biomarkers in the blood that could distinguish suicide from the non-suicidal deaths group. Heart blood samples were collected from suicide (n = 45) and non-suicide cases (n = 45) and metabolomic profiles were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nineteen blood metabolites were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05); especially, 4-hydroxyproline, sarcosine and heparan sulfate emerged as potential biomarkers for differentiating between the groups. A logistic regression-based predictive model incorporating sarcosine and heparan sulfate achieved sensitivity and specificity values of 73 % and 72 %, respectively. The integration of machine learning with blood metabolomics holds significant potential in forensic science and may apply to the model to adopt in criminal justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of harassment and bullying of forensic scientists on work performance, absenteeism, and intention to leave the workplace in the United States 在美国，骚扰和欺凌法医科学家对工作表现、缺勤和离开工作场所的意图的影响

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100576

Rana DellaRocco , Ryan D. Krone , Nancy L. Wayne

{"title":"Impact of harassment and bullying of forensic scientists on work performance, absenteeism, and intention to leave the workplace in the United States","authors":"Rana DellaRocco , Ryan D. Krone , Nancy L. Wayne","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the extent and nature of harassment and bullying in forensic science laboratories associated with law enforcement in the United States. We hypothesized that the most common harassment would be that of male sworn civil servants <em>working in forensics</em> targeting women non-sworn forensic scientists. Further, we assessed whether levels of harassment were associated with workplace performance, absenteeism, and intention to leave. There were three types of self-reported harassment investigated: work performance-related, interpersonal, and physical intimidation. There were three categories of respondents: lab technician, manager/supervisor, and “Other” that included students, administrative support personnel, assistants, and consultants. Results showed that levels and types of harassment varied depending upon the inter-relationship between the harassed and the harasser, with higher levels of harassment reported by participants coming from harassers above them in authority. While the majority of harassment reported was between women, due to the overwhelmingly female respondent pool and gender of those employed in forensics, the effect of gender on harassment may be skewed. Work-related harassment was associated with a decrease in work performance and increased intention of participants to leave their agencies. Intention to leave was mitigated by the employee maintaining high work performance despite the harassment. This study can be valuable to forensic scientist employers seeking to identify those most likely to experience harassment so that agencies may intervene, prevent decreases in productivity and job satisfaction, and to address employee retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digitalisation of forensic expert activity in Ukraine: Organisational and legal framework 乌克兰法医专家活动的数字化：组织和法律框架

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100578

Nataliia Martynenko

{"title":"Digitalisation of forensic expert activity in Ukraine: Organisational and legal framework","authors":"Nataliia Martynenko","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article examines the process of digitalisation of forensic expert activity through the prism of the State's policy aimed at creating a technologically advanced society. Proposals are made: on registration and identification of forensic experts of state specialised institutions in the Unified Judiciary Information Telecommunication System; on improvement of the functions of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts regarding the profile of a legal entity carrying out forensic activities and the profile of an individual forensic expert. A number of legislative amendments related to the field of forensic science have been proposed to ensure a balanced development of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts.</div><div>The introduction of the Forensic Expert e-Diary will facilitate the maintenance of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts in terms of displaying the number of expert examinations conducted by each forensic expert and the level of their workload based on the number of examinations and their complexity, calculated in expert hours.</div><div>It is proved that the Register of Certified Forensic Experts should be maintained in such a way that the profiles of employed experts are displayed and made available via the profile of their expert organisation. It is concluded that in order to ensure independence, objectivity, efficiency, and speed of forensic examinations, it is advisable to introduce the following model of automated appointment of an expert to conduct a particular study: the system pre-selects several candidates, after which the court selects from the list an expert who can be involved in the work. The article also raises the issues of information security and data confidentiality in the organisation of forensic expert activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic homicidal strangulation in women: Case series and systematic literature review 妇女的法医杀人绞杀：案例系列和系统的文献综述

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100577

Ginevra Malta , Maria Puntarello , Mauro Midiri , Tommaso D'Anna , Stefania Zerbo , Antonina Argo

{"title":"Forensic homicidal strangulation in women: Case series and systematic literature review","authors":"Ginevra Malta , Maria Puntarello , Mauro Midiri , Tommaso D'Anna , Stefania Zerbo , Antonina Argo","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review explores women's homicidal strangulation using PRISMA method. A total of 40 Google Scholar, 26 PubMed and 4 manual searching articles were analyzed, while other sources were excluded due to lack of full texts, irrelevance, or outdated content. Review highlights gender violence as an underestimated issue and provides a socio-demographic analysis. Diagnosing strangulation can be challenging, particularly in absence of visible asphyxial signs in the external examination. Judicial authorities' collaboration and reliance on circumstantial evidence are crucial in forensic investigations. Strangulation is statistically prevalent in sexually motivated crimes and employs various methods. We reported four different strangulation cases at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Palermo, to emphasize findings, forensic characteristics, and interpretation difficulties. The primary goal of this review is to shed light on homicidal strangulation's specific characteristics, given its underreported nature, and to stress the importance of mechanical asphyxia in forensic differential diagnosis. Distinguishing strangulation from other asphyxial deaths is difficult, as is identifying potential third-party involvement. This review also aims to provide key indicators that assist forensic pathologists in differentiating strangulation from other asphyxial causes of death. Future perspectives highlight the use of specific protocols, using artificial intelligence (AI), and instrumental investigations to support forensic pathologists in performing differential diagnoses and providing compatibility assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers to human remains identification using forensic odontology in resource-constrained settings 在资源有限的情况下，利用法医牙科学鉴定人类遗骸的障碍

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100575

Ernest Joie T. Guzman , Maria Corazon A. De Ungria

{"title":"Barriers to human remains identification using forensic odontology in resource-constrained settings","authors":"Ernest Joie T. Guzman , Maria Corazon A. De Ungria","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective strategy for human remains identification with a high success rate and low cost is vital for low to low-middle-income countries. Prompt identification of human remains is essential for the swift recovery of families and communities affected by large-scale disasters. However, the systematic integration of forensic disciplines into standard practice remains to be implemented in many areas. Even countries like the Philippines – where over 20 typhoons occur annually, leaving numerous, even thousands of persons remain missing so many years after the disaster, institutions continue to struggle in adopting standard protocols for human remains identification (HRI). This paper examines the barriers to implementing such protocols and explores the feasibility of maximizing the use of forensic odontology in the identification process in resource-constrained settings. The discussion highlights the situation in the Philippines resulting from these barriers and provides actionable plans for overcoming these challenges. In doing this, we can maximize the use of available technologies such as forensic odontology when local resources are limited, trained professionals are scarce and a sustainable and efficient operational local framework to handle mass fatality incidents (MFI) is not in place.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal intoxication after oral ingestion of amphetamine: Two case reports 口服安非他明致死性中毒：两例报告

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100568

Evelyn Pawlik , Felix Mayer , Oliver Temme

{"title":"Fatal intoxication after oral ingestion of amphetamine: Two case reports","authors":"Evelyn Pawlik , Felix Mayer , Oliver Temme","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphetamine is a stimulant that is abused worldwide and e.g. leads to hyperthermia [Brinkman et al., 2014], dizziness, insomnia, stomachaches and suppression of appetite [Callaway et al., 1994]. The most common production route of racemic (R-/S)-amphetamine is the Leuckart synthesis [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006, Hauser et al., 2018], where by-products like 4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine (4-M-5-PP), N,N-di (β-phenylisopropyl)amine (DPIA) and N-formylamphetamine (NFA) are incurred. We describe two cases in which 39 years old men died after oral intake of greater amounts of liquid amphetamine preparations. Body fluids (heart blood, femoral vein blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humour, and stomach content), organ tissues (myocardium, lung, liver, gall bladder, brain and kidney) and skeletal muscle were examined for amphetamine and amphetamine by-products as well as for other substances e.g. alcohol and pharmaceuticals. Analysis were done via HPLC/DAD, LC/MS, GC/MS or GC/FID without or after fluid-fluid extraction. Amphetamine was detected in all biological materials, the highest concentrations were found in urine (2600 μg/ml, case 1) and stomach content (14,000 μg/g, case 2). The amphetamine by-product DPIA was found only in heart blood (case 2), while NFA and 4-M-5-PP could not be detected at all. Morphological findings and the toxicological results for (R-/S)- amphetamine, the amphetamine by-products, alcohol, other drugs and pharmaceuticals are shown for both cases. The amphetamine concentrations of both cases are compared and the distribution in the body is discussed. The toxicity of the amphetamine by-products on the human body remains unclear and is subject of further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When insect development meets insect succession: Advantages of combining different methods and insect taxa in estimating the post-mortem interval 当昆虫发育满足昆虫演替时：结合不同方法和昆虫类群估算死后间隔的优势。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100574

Szymon Matuszewski , Anna Mądra-Bielewicz

{"title":"When insect development meets insect succession: Advantages of combining different methods and insect taxa in estimating the post-mortem interval","authors":"Szymon Matuszewski , Anna Mądra-Bielewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insects are frequently used to estimate post-mortem interval (PMI). Experts usually base their estimates on a single insect taxon and use a single estimation method, even if multiple taxa are present on a cadaver or multiple methods can be applied. In this article we present a case report where multiple insect evidence and methods were used in a homicide case to estimate PMI. Since the true PMI was known, we were able to assess the estimation errors of each method as applied to particular insect evidence. The final grand PMI was derived from a developmental estimate based on third instar larvae of <em>Lucilia illustris</em>/<em>L. caesar</em> species group and a successional estimate based on adult <em>Thanatophilus rugosus</em> beetles. By averaging these estimates we got the grand PMI of almost perfect accuracy (1 % relative error, PMI range: 4.39 ± 0.77 days), which is of course an exceptional situation for entomological methods of estimating PMI. Furthermore, this was the first case report in which the presence and absence of subsequent life stages of carrion insects coupled with the estimation of their pre-appearance interval were used to estimate the PMI range. The results regarding the minimum PMI were fully consistent with the results obtained using the classical developmental method. This finding indicates that in some cases the presence/absence method can be used interchangeably with the developmental method. Finally, we discussed the prospects and limitations of combining insect evidence and methods of their analysis in estimating PMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The limitations of mouth alcohol detection systems in breath alcohol testing: Case reports 口腔酒精检测系统在呼气酒精检测中的局限性：病例报告。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100573

Aaron Olson

引用次数: 0

The comparative accuracy of handprints and footprints for stature and sex determination 手印和脚印在身高和性别判断上的相对准确性。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100572

Sara Gamal Abbas, Amany Elsayed Abdelrahman, Omneya Saad El-Oefy

{"title":"The comparative accuracy of handprints and footprints for stature and sex determination","authors":"Sara Gamal Abbas, Amany Elsayed Abdelrahman, Omneya Saad El-Oefy","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main goals of forensic medicine is the successful identification of unidentified bodies. This is essential in mass disasters, criminal medicolegal investigations, and most cases of deaths with poorly preserved remains. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of anthropometric determination of handprint versus footprint dimensions for sex and stature estimation in a sample of the Egyptian population and to formulate equations for stature and sex determination using hand and footprint anthropometric measures. A total of two hundred adults, aged 21–40 years, of Egyptian descent were selected for the study. Stature, hand, and footprint dimensions were measured and analyzed. The current study revealed that hand and footprint lengths were the most significant estimators of stature for both sexes. However, footprint measures were significantly better for stature estimation than handprint measures in females, while handprint measures were statistically better estimators of stature than footprint measures in males. On the other hand, the most sexually dimorphic parameters were handprint length, handbreadth, T4, and T5. Importantly, hand parameters were better predictors of sex than foot parameters. In conclusion, footprint measurements were more accurate for estimating stature in females, while handprint measurements were more accurate for males. Additionally, handprint parameters were more effective for sex determination than footprint parameters. Regression equations were presented in this study to estimate the sex and stature of individuals of Egyptian descent from various hand and footprint dimensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methodological support for forensic science in the USA and Ukraine: A comparative study 美国和乌克兰法医学的方法论支持：比较研究。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571

Nataliia Martynenko

{"title":"Methodological support for forensic science in the USA and Ukraine: A comparative study","authors":"Nataliia Martynenko","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant potential of proper methodological support in solving key tasks of forensic expert activity is noted. The procedure for certification and state registration of forensic examination methods introduced in Ukraine is analyzed. The composition and procedure for the activities of the advisory bodies of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine which determine the relevance and priority of forensic examination research are investigated. The author identifies the areas of concern in the methodological support of forensic institutions, the addressing of which relates to the activities of the State in terms of legal support of forensics at the legislative and departmental regulatory levels.</div><div>The requirements to the registration of research results by grantees of the US National Institute of Justice are clarified. The article compares research costs, access to scientific results, and promising research topics in the field of forensic science in the United States and Ukraine. Certain ways of solving the identified problems related to the methodological support of forensic expert activity were proposed, taking into account the specifics of the legal system of Ukraine and the experience of the National Institute of Justice in the United States. The author emphasizes the need for further development and strengthening of cooperation between forensic institutions and international organizations in the field of standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0