Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第5页

Rethinking ‘Probable Cause of Death’: A comparative analysis of Physician-Certified Verbal Autopsy and Forensic Autopsy Outputs in community deaths in Lusaka, Zambia 重新思考“可能的死亡原因”：对赞比亚卢萨卡社区死亡中经医生认证的口头尸检和法医尸检结果的比较分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100614

Bwalya Mulenga , Chibamba N. Mumba , Nathan M. Kayonde , Cordilia M. Himwaze , Luchenga A. Mucheleng'anga

引用次数: 0

Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) 核实在性侵犯转介中心内进行的亲密及非亲密脱氧核糖核酸回收

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620

Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan

{"title":"Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)","authors":"Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the verification of DNA recovery processes undertaken in forensic medical examination facilities within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) across England and Wales in the investigation of rape and sexual assault. This is in support of a national initiative for SARCs to provide additional quality assurances regarding forensic integrity. This is achieved through compliance with the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) Code of Practice including accreditation to ISO 15189 <em>Medical Laboratories: Requirements for Quality & Competence</em>.</div><div>Existing national Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) recommended intimate and non-intimate DNA recovery processes were verified by five SARCs in a pilot study utilising both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> testing. Three types of recovery scenarios were tested: 1) non-intimate recovery of touch DNA was undertaken from volunteers’ skin following simulated struggles; 2) non-intimate recovery of blood, semen and saliva on simulated skin surfaces; 3) intimate recovery of known semen and saliva donors from gynaecological anatomical models. No contamination issues were observed in the non-intimate sample recovery exercises where the recovery technique is the same for live casework. However, with a minority of the intimate sample recoveries, some iatrogenic transfer of seeded DNA within the models was identified. Root cause analysis of the data led to the development of a new approach for training and known outcome competence assessment in intimate DNA recovery using gynaecological models seeded with invisible UV dyes to detect unintended transfer events. This verification exercise has led to the creation of the first SARC proficiency testing scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responding to the call: Population affinity estimation in a South African forensic context of identification - are we helping or harming? 响应呼吁：南非法医鉴定背景下的群体亲和力估计——我们是在帮助还是在伤害？

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100643

Victoria E. Gibbon , Athi Baliso , Laura J. Heathfield

{"title":"Responding to the call: Population affinity estimation in a South African forensic context of identification - are we helping or harming?","authors":"Victoria E. Gibbon , Athi Baliso , Laura J. Heathfield","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing momentum in forensic anthropology to move away from using socially ascribed racial groups in analysis and reporting. This study evaluated whether and how anthropological estimation of population-affinity influences identification outcomes in forensic cases processed at the Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) laboratory in South Africa. A total of 172 cases (174 individuals) were examined. Estimated South African population-affinity distributions were: 37 % Mixed, 22 % African, 4 % European, 12 % displaying traits from multiple affinities, and 25 % indeterminate. Identification outcomes were assessed for 168 cases (six were known prior to assessment). Overall, 37 % were positively identified, 49 % remained unidentified, and 14 % had unknown status. Identification rates varied: African (51 %) and European (83 %) population-affinity groups showed higher rates of positive identification compared to Mixed (26 %) and multiple affinities (20 %). Notably, individuals with indeterminate affinity achieved a 44 % identification rate. Statistical testing indicated no significant association between estimated population-affinity and identification outcome (p = 0.974). Where comparison was possible, estimated population-affinity aligned with socially ascribed racial categories in 84 % of cases, with six misclassifications. Challenges were noted in distinguishing between South African Mixed and African population-affinities. Although the sample size was limited, our findings support discontinuing the inclusion of population-affinity estimation in South African forensic anthropology reports. In practice, law enforcement often translates anthropological affinity estimates into social racial categories, which in the South African context risks misclassification and undermines identification efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic patterns of new psychoactive substances: Methyl-ketamine and 2-oxo-PCE in rats using UHPLC-QTOF analysis 新型精神活性物质的代谢模式：甲基氯胺酮和2-氧- pce在大鼠体内的UHPLC-QTOF分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100623

Yu-gang Cai , Yan-jun Wang , Yong-fu Wu , Jia-yi Feng , Yan Mo , Qing-hong Wang , Yong Dai

{"title":"Metabolic patterns of new psychoactive substances: Methyl-ketamine and 2-oxo-PCE in rats using UHPLC-QTOF analysis","authors":"Yu-gang Cai , Yan-jun Wang , Yong-fu Wu , Jia-yi Feng , Yan Mo , Qing-hong Wang , Yong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the metabolic profiles of two isomeric psychoactive agents, methyl-ketamine [2-(ortho-tolyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone] and 2-oxo-PCE [2-(phenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone], in rats. Following oral administration, blood, liver, and urine samples were collected at timed intervals and analyzed via ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Metabolomic comparisons revealed distinct metabolic pathways driven by structural differences. Methyl-ketamine primarily underwent cyclohexanone hydroxylation, dehydration, N-demethylation, cyclohexanone carbonyl hydrogenation, and glucuronidation, with N-dealkylation as the dominant process. In contrast, 2-oxo-PCE metabolism involved carbonyl hydrogenation of cyclohexanone, N-diethylation, deamination, hydroxylation, dehydration, and glucuronidation. Structural variations—specifically the steric hindrance imposed by the methyl group on o-tolyl in methyl-ketamine—were identified as key factors influencing metabolic divergence. This hindered the carbonyl hydrogenation of cyclohexanone observed in 2-oxo-PCE, while promoting hydroxylation/dehydration reactions in methyl-ketamine. Post-N-dealkylation, methyl-ketamine retained cyclohexyl hydroxylation/dehydration, whereas 2-oxo-PCE exhibited deamination and cyclohexanone carbonyl hydrogenation/dehydration. Notably, urinary metabolite profiles in humans were mirrored those in rats, and relevance was shown. It was elucidated how structural isomerism dictating metabolic outcomes and offering insights into the mechanistic basis of new psychoactive substances. The study underscored steric effects as critical determinants of metabolic pathways and provided a foundation for predicting pharmacokinetic behavior in related compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progressive examination of footwear outsoles throughout a 24-week police training academy 在为期24周的警察训练学院内，逐步检查鞋履外底

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100642

John H. Grassel, Ivy A. Walker, Nicholas J. Thomas, Jeri D. Ropero-Miller

{"title":"Progressive examination of footwear outsoles throughout a 24-week police training academy","authors":"John H. Grassel, Ivy A. Walker, Nicholas J. Thomas, Jeri D. Ropero-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the progression of general wear and Randomly Acquired Characteristics (RACs) on footwear outsoles during a 24-week police academy training program. Thirty-two police recruits wore the same model of tactical boots in similar conditions, including activities, terrain, and weather. The Rhode Island State Police Forensic Services Unit photographed the outsoles of each pair in 10 sessions. Boot lugs were categorized into 32 regions for detailed analysis. Visual examination and measurements of wear patterns for class (general wear) and RACs were assessed for repeatability or randomness. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were calculated for each boot, size group, lug, and region. Significant higher wear patterns were observed in men's vs. women's boots and right boots vs. left boots. These findings also show rapid wear of similar footwear outsoles during strenuous activities, revealing higher wear in the lateral perimeter and heal regions. They are consistent with previous studies and contribute to the limited body of research on footwear in controlled conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the strength of palmprint comparisons: Majority identifications with surprisingly low value 量化掌纹比较的强度：大多数识别值低得惊人

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100628

Meredith Coon , Thomas Busey

引用次数: 0

Type and storage of human remains detection canine training aids: A review and handler survey 人类遗骸检测犬训练辅助工具的类型和储存：综述和处理者调查

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625

Fantasia Whaley, Daigoro Greco, Kaitlyn Mercando, Rushali Dargan, Lauryn DeGreeff

{"title":"Type and storage of human remains detection canine training aids: A review and handler survey","authors":"Fantasia Whaley, Daigoro Greco, Kaitlyn Mercando, Rushali Dargan, Lauryn DeGreeff","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When properly trained, canines are very effective detectors, especially in human remains detection (HRD) and search and rescue (SAR). However, the variability in decomposition odor profiles presents a challenge and requires extensive and adaptable training. Although some protocols and guidelines exist, they do not account for all the possible influential factors leading to inconsistency between organizations. This paper combines a review of research on factors affecting the odor profile of remains with a survey of canine training in the field. Key aspects covered include training aid materials used (e.g. bones, blood, body parts), sample age, containment material, and storage conditions. Findings reveal a consensus amongst handlers and research in some practices, such as use of multiple training aid materials for a variation in odor profiles and use of glass containment to minimize background odor. Discrepancies, however, remain, particularly in the age of sample (fresh vs. very aged), frequency of aid replacement, and storage conditions such as temperature and humidity. The results emphasize the importance of exposing canines to diverse remains odors in differing conditions, providing recommendations for more improved HRD training and directions of future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithms on Trial: Does evaluative probabilistic reporting of forensic evidence infringe the presumption of innocence? 审判中的算法：法医证据的评估概率报告是否侵犯了无罪推定？

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591

Oriola Sallavaci

{"title":"Algorithms on Trial: Does evaluative probabilistic reporting of forensic evidence infringe the presumption of innocence?","authors":"Oriola Sallavaci","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific evidence plays an important role in criminal justice. Recent technological developments including the use of AI and advanced computational forensic software have made possible forensic examinations and expert opinions that previously would have been impossible. Alongside benefits, the use in criminal trials of forensic evidence based on computational technologies such as Probabilistic Genotyping (PG) DNA, is posing difficult problems for courts and has been met with controversy. This study focuses on one important aspect of the criticism surrounding the use of PG DNA evidence, which relates to the probabilistic reporting of the forensic evidence results. It explores whether the use of likelihood ratios to report evaluative expert opinions infringes the presumption of innocence. This is a fundamental question that concerns not only evidence based on advanced computational technologies such as PG DNA but all forensic disciplines where the use of likelihood ratios and probabilistic assessments of the evidence are being actively promoted. This article argues that the criticism on the use of probabilistic methods for evidence evaluation encountered in legal practice, scholarly debate, policy and legal reform documents, is founded on misunderstandings of the role and limitations of the forensic evidence, of the processes involved in arriving at an evaluative expert opinion, as well as of the meaning and scope of the presumption of innocence itself. An enhanced understanding of these fundamental issues will lead towards a better regulation of AI and forensic algorithms across jurisdictions, without diminishing the impact of the scientific evidence in criminal proceedings and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The invisible crisis facing forensic providers in the United States 美国法医服务提供者面临的无形危机

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100631

{"title":"The invisible crisis facing forensic providers in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a dissonance between the public perception of forensic practice in the United States and reality. Portrayed as infallible and universally available, the truth is that the awkward evolution of forensic practice has created fissures in its foundations, affecting both the quality and quantity of these critical services. These fissures have only widened over time, creating problems that require creative solutions.</div><div>Within the United States, every level of government provides forensic services, and there is no overarching authority over forensic providers. The recent reevaluation of the Chevron deference doctrine by the Supreme Court ensures that this is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Under Chevron deference, courts would defer to regulatory agencies interpretations when laws were ambiguous. This new ruling transfers that responsibility back to the courts, making the creation of a new regulatory agency over forensic providers even less likely. Thus, any meaningful change to forensic practice must come from within the profession. As unlikely as this may seem, it has occurred before.</div><div>This perspective allows us to see the hidden challenges forensic providers face and propose potential solutions that practitioners can implement to increase the quality of their work and the resilience of the system they operate within. By evaluating how forensic practice has implemented change in the past, this paper proposes solutions that have worked before and expands on others from different industries with similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transparent reporting in forensic Science: Exploring its meaning and challenges 司法科学中的透明报告：探索其意义和挑战

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100630

Kristy A. Martire

{"title":"Transparent reporting in forensic Science: Exploring its meaning and challenges","authors":"Kristy A. Martire","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forensic and scientific communities widely endorse transparency as a core principle and fundamental obligation of forensic science reporting. Yet the definition of transparency - ironically – remains opaque. This ambiguity impacts scientist's ability to fulfill their obligations when reporting forensic findings to justice systems as the primary consumer. Applying Elliott's 2022 taxonomy of transparency clarifies the issue, revealing that transparency is central to achieving Reliability, Assessment, Justice, Accountability and Innovation goals. It involves disclosing information about the scientists' Authority, Compliance, Basis, Justification, Validity, Disagreements, and Context, and shows that the audiences for these disclosures includes not only primary consumers, but also a range of agents, actors, and stakeholders. This complexity creates a multidimensional challenge for scientists and forensic science service providers, requiring a careful balance between competing demands. Templates can mitigate some of these challenges, but must be coupled with ongoing collaboration among forensic scientists, legal stakeholders, and institutional bodies to ensure that reporting practices evolve in line with professional obligations, scientific rigor and the realities of forensic practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0