Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献

A bibliometric analysis of investigative genetic genealogy in academic literature: Trends, networks, and emerging themes 学术文献中调查基因谱系的文献计量学分析：趋势、网络和新兴主题

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100663

Alfonso Pellegrino , Alessandro Stasi

引用次数: 0

Elemental analysis of archaeological hair compared to soil composition: A case study of a child and adult female from LaGrange Place, PA 考古头发与土壤成分的元素分析：宾夕法尼亚州拉格朗日广场一名儿童和一名成年女性的案例研究

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100661

Gabrielle DiEmma , Jillian Conte , Kimberlee S. Moran , Karen S. Scott

{"title":"Elemental analysis of archaeological hair compared to soil composition: A case study of a child and adult female from LaGrange Place, PA","authors":"Gabrielle DiEmma , Jillian Conte , Kimberlee S. Moran , Karen S. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During a salvage archaeology project in 2016–2017, several hundred human remains were recovered from the site of the former First Baptist Church of Philadelphia (FBCP) burial ground, also known as LaGrange Place. This case study focused on two individuals, a child (G-009) and an adult female (G-033), recovered with intact hair masses from the FBCP cemetery. Hair samples from both individuals were studied microscopically and chemically using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) multi-elemental analyses. ICP-OES analysis focused on the parts per million (ppm) or milligram per liter (mg/L) concentration of 14 elements, including major and trace elements found in hair and soil (calcium [Ca], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], potassium [K], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], sodium [Na], nickel [Ni], phosphorus [P], zinc [Zn]) and three heavy metal toxins (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb]). Periodic table semiquantitative heatmap analysis via ICP-MS was also conducted. Elemental analysis revealed the G-009 and G-033 hair samples were chemically distinct from each other and from the soil samples collected at the excavation site. The heatmap results suggest that while burial has a significant effect on the mineral content of hair, hair retains elemental distributions unique to the individual even after centuries of direct soil exposure. Therefore, the mineral composition of both the hair and soil in archaeological contexts should be analyzed to provide insight into the types of environmental exposure experienced by individuals ante- and postmortem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic trace DNA analysis to answer activity-level questions in a realistic-scenario activity study based upon the case of Idaho v Bryan C. Kohberger 法医痕量DNA分析，以回答现实情景活动研究中的活动水平问题，该研究基于爱达荷州诉布莱恩C. Kohberger一案

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100690

Aldrin Alviar , Ray Wickenheiser , Ashley Hall

{"title":"Forensic trace DNA analysis to answer activity-level questions in a realistic-scenario activity study based upon the case of Idaho v Bryan C. Kohberger","authors":"Aldrin Alviar , Ray Wickenheiser , Ashley Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An activity-level proposition is a hypothesis informed by case information about actions at a crime scene; it aids the fact-finder in addressing the “how” and “when” of the evidence, not just the “who.” Activity-level reporting focuses on probabilities of the findings [or results] from crime scene evidence given alternate propositions. Empirical data generated by simulating real-life activity scenarios can be of great value to the forensic scientist in their evaluations of crime scene evidence. In this study, experiments were designed to approximate circumstances relevant to the case of the State of Idaho vs Bryan C. Kohberger, whose DNA was found on a knife sheath at the apartment where four University of Idaho students were stabbed to death. Two competing activity-level propositions concerning the origin of the DNA on the knife sheath were examined: 1) Kohberger touched the snap (direct DNA transfer), or 2) Kohberger, the POI, shook hands with another person who touched the snap (indirect DNA transfer). Empirical data were generated by simulating both activity pathways independently, quantifying DNA recovery and generating DNA profiles to inform the probabilities used to evaluate the findings given the competing activity-level propositions. Significantly greater quantities of POI DNA were recovered following direct transfer, and major POI DNA profiles were more likely if a direct transfer occurred rather than an indirect transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decomposing in the dark. Experimental approaches to funerary archaeoentomology in volcanic caves 在黑暗中腐烂。火山洞穴中丧葬考古昆虫学的实验方法

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100653

Pedro Henríquez-Valido , Aitor Brito-Mayor , Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Jacob Morales , Jonathan Santana , Idaira Brito-Abrante , Jean-Bernard Huchet

{"title":"Decomposing in the dark. Experimental approaches to funerary archaeoentomology in volcanic caves","authors":"Pedro Henríquez-Valido , Aitor Brito-Mayor , Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Jacob Morales , Jonathan Santana , Idaira Brito-Abrante , Jean-Bernard Huchet","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study explores entomological succession in mortuary contexts in caves, using the funeral practices of the indigenous populations of the Canary Islands as a model. A pig carcass was deposited in a cave shortly after its death and monitored for a year. The resulting entomological record closely matches the archaeoentomological data from Canarian burial caves. The experiment documented all stages of cadaveric succession and revealed insect species capable of adapting to the low light conditions of caves, including Calliphoridae. Other Diptera families were recovered: Piophilidae, Muscidae, Phoridae, Fanniidae, Sarcophagidae and Drosopholidae. Coleoptera evidences were also recorded: Nitulidae, Cleridae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, Tenebrionidae, Cryptophagidae, Ptinidae and Scarabaeidae. Other orders were documented: Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Lepidoptera (Pyralidae), Blattodea, Hemiptera and Siphonaptera. It is noteworthy that many of the insects identified match those found in archaeological contexts. A central contribution is the demonstration that Calliphoridae can complete their life cycle under near-total darkness, challenging a long-standing assumption in taphonomy and forensic entomology. The data also suggest the existence of consistent patterns of entomological activity in primary funerary contexts, and call into question the desiccation of the cadaver documented by other authors. This pioneering study of experimental funerary archaeoentomology provides a comparative framework for interpreting insect evidence in archaeological deposits in arid, enclosed or low-light environments such as natural caves, catacombs or hypogea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verification of the Phadebas® forensic press test for the screening of human saliva 验证Phadebas®法证压力测试筛选人类唾液

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100691

Fabio Tango Cañete , Laura Williams , Rhys Parry , Steve Smith , Jeremy Watherston

{"title":"Verification of the Phadebas® forensic press test for the screening of human saliva","authors":"Fabio Tango Cañete , Laura Williams , Rhys Parry , Steve Smith , Jeremy Watherston","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Phadebas® Forensic Press Test (PFPT) is widely employed in forensic laboratories for presumptive saliva screening by observation of α-amylase activity. This enzyme hydrolyses starch embedded in the test paper, resulting in a blue reaction when positive. Although designed to assist in locating areas of possible saliva staining on exhibits, other α-amylase containing substances such as urine, vaginal secretions, faeces, and laundry detergents have also produced positive results, limiting the test's specificity.</div><div>This study aimed to verify the test's suitability as a presumptive tool within the evidence recovery unit of a forensic laboratory. A range of human biological fluids and non-biological substances were tested across 10 different substrate types. Substances evaluated for specificity were in part informed by gaps identified in the literature to date and by operational casework relevance. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to assess practical reliability in forensic casework.</div><div>Results demonstrated variability in the test's sensitivity across the 10 different substrate types, showing that material composition influences the visibility and clarity of reactions. Reactivity was observed with several non-saliva substances, including semen, breast milk, faeces, and laundry detergent. This supports earlier study findings on the test's low specificity.</div><div>Given these outcomes, the test is not reliable for confirming the presence of saliva. However, it remains valuable in guiding targeted sampling for subsequent DNA analysis. Given the low specificity and limited sensitivity in certain substrates, scientists should be aware of the test's limitations and consider the case context, the substrate, and any alternative explanations for positive results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of forensic evidence in Indonesia's criminal justice 法医证据在印尼刑事司法中的作用

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100693

Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar , Amir Ilyas , Abdul Kholiq , Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar , Ahmad Yusup

{"title":"The role of forensic evidence in Indonesia's criminal justice","authors":"Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar , Amir Ilyas , Abdul Kholiq , Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar , Ahmad Yusup","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims, first, to analyse the position of forensic evidence in the criminal justice process in Indonesia; and second, to examine the extent to which forensic evidence is effectively employed as a basis of proof by judges and public prosecutors in the criminal justice process in Indonesia. This study was conducted in two stages, namely a doctrinal analysis of legal regulations in Indonesia and an empirical study through the collection of court decisions betwen January 2023 and December 2024 from four district courts representing three regions of Indonesia. The role of forensic evidence in Indonesian criminal procedure remains problematic owing to the absence of explicit regulation. At present, it is not formally recognised as a distinct evidentiary category under the Criminal Procedure Code, but rather subsumed under expert testimony, documentary evidence, or indications as stipulated in Article 184. This ambiguity diminishes the attention given by law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to the probative value of forensic science. Data from four district courts between January 2023 and December 2024 show that there are five categories of cases with the highest percentages decided on the basis of forensic evidence, namely narcotics offences (96.26%), assault (94.61%), firearms and sharp weapons offences (92.08%), electronic information and transactions offences (72.63%), and corruption (59.38%). It is therefore recommended that forensic evidence be specifically classified as an independent category of evidence within Indonesian criminal procedural law, in order to strengthen objectivity, enhance fairness, and ensure a more reliable criminal justice system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the bias danger zone: Evaluating the (in)Efficiency of Linear Sequential Unmasking (LSU-E) as a bias countermeasure 导航偏置危险区域：评估线性序列解掩码（LSU-E）作为偏置对抗的效率

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100657

Itiel E. Dror

{"title":"Navigating the bias danger zone: Evaluating the (in)Efficiency of Linear Sequential Unmasking (LSU-E) as a bias countermeasure","authors":"Itiel E. Dror","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linear Sequential Unmasking (LSU-E) is a method of managing the flow of information so as to improve decision making and minimize cognitive bias in expert domains. This article examines the specific factors determining the (in)efficiency of LSU-E. Central to this evaluation is the “bias danger zone,” where decisions involve human judgement, complex data near decision thresholds, and strong directional bias. In these situations, LSU-E reduces bias by prioritizing information based on its objectivity, relevance, and biasability. However, research indicates that the sequencing of information, a core component of LSU-E, is not always effective. LSU-E's (in)efficiency depends on whether the experts perceive specific information as exceptionally strong or weak. Overpowering information can dominate a decision regardless of its position in the sequence, whereas weak information may be disregarded even if presented early. As part of a broader “Context Management Toolbox,” LSU-E must be deployed proportionately and with an understanding of these boundary conditions. Recognizing these factors is critical for forensic science to successfully navigate contextual contamination through appropriate and effective countermeasures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postmortem pancreatic autolysis as a histological marker of early postmortem interval: a forensic autopsy study in a tropical setting 死后胰腺自溶作为早期死后间隔的组织学标记：热带环境下的法医尸检研究

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100659

Sunon Sripirom, Vichan Peonim, Wisarn Worasuwannarak

{"title":"Postmortem pancreatic autolysis as a histological marker of early postmortem interval: a forensic autopsy study in a tropical setting","authors":"Sunon Sripirom, Vichan Peonim, Wisarn Worasuwannarak","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate postmortem pancreatic autolysis as a histological marker of the early postmortem interval (PMI) in routine forensic autopsy, with particular emphasis on regional differences within the pancreas and application in a tropical setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 30 forensic autopsy cases with known PMI <24 h. From each pancreas, tissue from the head, body, and tail was sampled, fixed in formalin, processed routinely, and stained with hematoxylin–eosin. For each region, the proportion of parenchyma exhibiting characteristic autolytic changes was visually estimated as the percentage of autolysis. Spearman's correlation and simple linear regression were used to assess associations between PMI and autolysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PMI ranged from 1 to 17 h (mean 6.4 h). PMI showed a significant positive correlation with autolysis in the head (ρ = 0.508), body (ρ = 0.561), tail (ρ = 0.566) and mean autolysis (ρ = 0.535) (all p ≤ 0.002). Correlations were stronger in traumatic deaths than in non-traumatic deaths. Simple linear regression with PMI as the predictor explained 19.5 % of the variance in mean percent autolysis (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.195). Autolysis was first appreciable at approximately 2 h postmortem, and >50 % autolysis was not observed below 5 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pancreatic autolysis provides useful information in the early PMI but lacks precision as a stand-alone estimator. It is best used as a practical histological adjunct within a multimodal, evidence-based approach to PMI estimation, especially in warm, humid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering Pathophysiological pathways in abusive infant shaking: Questions beyond the triad 重新考虑虐待婴儿摇晃的病理生理途径：超越三联征的问题

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100656

Parth Aphale, Himanshu Shekhar, Shashank Dokania

引用次数: 0

Strengthening operational performance in canine detection teams with double-blind certification testing 通过双盲认证测试，加强犬类侦缉队的行动表现

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100658

Adele Quigley-McBride , Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann , Fred Helfers

{"title":"Strengthening operational performance in canine detection teams with double-blind certification testing","authors":"Adele Quigley-McBride , Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann , Fred Helfers","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the performance of professional canine–handler teams on narcotics detection certification trials conducted under single-blind and double-blind conditions. Across six years of annual testing (2012–2017), we analyzed 667 first-attempt trials and 132 second-attempt trials from 133 distinct canine-handler teams. Teams demonstrated high accuracy under single-blind conditions (94% pass rate for vehicle searches and 100% for luggage searches), but performance dropped substantially under double-blind conditions (72% pass rate for vehicle searches and 88% for luggage searches), where neither handlers nor evaluators knew the number or location of the target odors. Many teams that failed an initial double-blind trial passed on a second attempt, suggesting that at least some observed deficits in performance may be easily remedied with additional practice participating in double-blind trials. A follow-up survey of 20 handlers indicated generally positive perceptions of double-blind testing—although double-blind trials are more difficult, handlers believe that these types of trials increase their confidence, improve training strategies, and more closely reflect real-world scenarios. Incorporating routine double-blind exercises into certification and maintenance training may provide agencies with a reliable means of preparing teams for unpredictable real-world scenarios. Thus, double-blind testing represents a straightforward, cost-efficient strategy for enhancing the accuracy, credibility, and overall integrity of canine detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0