Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第2页

Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲法医牙科学的非殖民化

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622

Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty

{"title":"Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic odontology plays a vital role in human identification, age estimation, and legal investigations. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the field has developed within a framework shaped by colonial histories, Western methodologies, and systemic underinvestment in local capacity. This article critically examines the need to decolonise forensic odontology in the region, proposing a comprehensive reform agenda grounded in four intersecting domains: historical legacies, indigenous knowledge integration, ethical considerations, and policy reform. It highlights how colonial-era forensic practices continue to influence current protocols and legal standards, often to the detriment of scientific accuracy and justice. By recognising and incorporating traditional dental knowledge, such as ritual dental modifications and community oral histories, the field can be enriched and made more contextually relevant. Ethical challenges surrounding data sovereignty, informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and the use of contested techniques are addressed, with recommendations for more equitable and transparent forensic practices. Policy reforms are proposed to institutionalise forensic odontology through education, infrastructure development, legal recognition, and collaborative networks. The article argues that decolonisation is not a rejection of global science but a reorientation toward context-appropriate, ethically grounded, and locally led forensic systems. Through these reforms, Sub-Saharan Africa can build a forensic odontology discipline that is scientifically robust, culturally responsive, and capable of delivering justice and dignity to affected communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases 虐待婴儿摇晃中三联征的病理生理假说：一个系统的回顾和确证病例的分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618

Ingemar Thiblin , Carl Johan Wingren , Jacob Andersson Emad , Fredrik Tamsen

{"title":"Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases","authors":"Ingemar Thiblin , Carl Johan Wingren , Jacob Andersson Emad , Fredrik Tamsen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhages, and encephalopathy are associated with the medical diagnosis of abusive head trauma. These findings have also been observed in children exposed to admitted or witnessed shaking. There are various suggested mechanisms behind these findings. One mechanism is exclusive to intentional shaking, while the other suggested mechanisms are compatible with both intentional and accidental violence as well as an underlying illness.</div><div>We performed a systematic literature review of case reports on triad findings with subsequent analysis on the empirical consequences of three mechanistic hypotheses: (1) the outcome components arise independently following acceleration-deceleration forces during shaking; (2) the outcome components are partially dependent and caused by pathophysiological mediators following hypoxia caused by damage to the brainstem or cervical spinal cord by shaking; (3) the outcome factors are partially dependent and are caused by re-bleeding triggered by shaking in chronic subdural hematoma.</div><div>From a total of 9628 articles, we identified twelve publications including in total 100 cases that met the inclusion criteria. We identified no sufficiently detailed case report, but nine cases had information that allowed for tentative testing of the hypotheses. Three cases had findings consistent with that triad findings are partially dependent and related to chronic subdural re-bleeding (hypothesis 3), whereas no case provided support for the other hypotheses. Thus, published cases do not provide the information needed to understand the mechanism underlying triad findings in infants subjected to shaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Technology Validation and Implementation Collaborative (NTVIC): Updated guidelines for establishing Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy (FIGG) programs 国家技术验证和实施协作（NTVIC）：建立法医调查遗传谱系（FIGG）计划的更新指南

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100593

Ray A. Wickenheiser (DPS Co-chair, Director) , Jennifer Naugle (Co-chair, Deputy Administrator) , Brian Hoey (Director) , Rylene Nowlin , Claire Glynn Ph.D , Raymond Valerio (Assistant District Attorney) , Lance Allen , Stephanie Stoiloff (Chief) , Jennifer Kochanski , Mary Beth Schubert , Melissa Haas , Dixie Peters , Rachel Oefelein , Rockne Harmon , Barbara Llewellyn Ph.D (Program Manager) , Trisha Kacer , Blake Patel , Paul Panther (Special Deputy) , Colleen Fitzpatrick , Garry Bombard , Tom Cober

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations 多学科方法对母亲谋杀和死后同类相食：整合医学法律和精神病学调查

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615

Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations","authors":"Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannibalism is a practice documented since prehistoric times, with diversified motives. In the modern society, cannibalism is rare and often carried out in serious psychiatric contexts. Some authors have highlighted the association of these events with stories of family abuse and conflictual parental relationships. Forensic investigations can be complicated due to decomposition, dismemberment and the concealment or ingestion of entire parts of the corpse. We report a singular case of matricide. A woman was found brutally murdered in her home with anatomical parts of the body found scattered in the kitchen and in the freezer of the house. A scene analysis, an autopsy and criminological investigations using the psychological autopsy method were carried out. Forensic investigations proved that the cohabiting son had killed the woman using a blunt instrument causing her a head trauma and had subsequently dismembered the corpse by carrying out necrocannibalism. The psychological autopsy revealed that the man suffered from severe schizophrenia not treated with drugs and that he had previously attempted to attack his mother on other occasions. The study traces, through literature review, the medico-legal and psychiatric implications in cannibalism and emphasizes the need for prevention of these events through active psychiatric surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) 核实在性侵犯转介中心内进行的亲密及非亲密脱氧核糖核酸回收

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620

Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan

{"title":"Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)","authors":"Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the verification of DNA recovery processes undertaken in forensic medical examination facilities within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) across England and Wales in the investigation of rape and sexual assault. This is in support of a national initiative for SARCs to provide additional quality assurances regarding forensic integrity. This is achieved through compliance with the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) Code of Practice including accreditation to ISO 15189 <em>Medical Laboratories: Requirements for Quality & Competence</em>.</div><div>Existing national Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) recommended intimate and non-intimate DNA recovery processes were verified by five SARCs in a pilot study utilising both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> testing. Three types of recovery scenarios were tested: 1) non-intimate recovery of touch DNA was undertaken from volunteers’ skin following simulated struggles; 2) non-intimate recovery of blood, semen and saliva on simulated skin surfaces; 3) intimate recovery of known semen and saliva donors from gynaecological anatomical models. No contamination issues were observed in the non-intimate sample recovery exercises where the recovery technique is the same for live casework. However, with a minority of the intimate sample recoveries, some iatrogenic transfer of seeded DNA within the models was identified. Root cause analysis of the data led to the development of a new approach for training and known outcome competence assessment in intimate DNA recovery using gynaecological models seeded with invisible UV dyes to detect unintended transfer events. This verification exercise has led to the creation of the first SARC proficiency testing scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries 欧洲法医DNA消除数据库：来自七个国家数据的比较分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617

Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács

{"title":"Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries","authors":"Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic DNA elimination databases are valuable tools for identifying potential contamination risks during forensic investigations. This study provides a comparative analysis of the design, implementation, and effectiveness of forensic DNA elimination databases across seven European countries: Sweden, Germany, Czechia, Poland, the Netherlands, the UK, and Finland. Data were collected through structured inquiries sent to ENFSI member states’ forensic DNA laboratories, focusing on key aspects such as legal frameworks, database sizes, and contamination cases identified through the elimination database. The results reveal significant differences in the establishment and management of these databases, reflecting diverse legal and operational contexts. The findings underscore the need to ensure that all European countries implement their elimination databases to standardize forensic procedures and improve the reliability of DNA evidence. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of introducing harmonized frameworks for forensic DNA elimination databases to enhance transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in forensic DNA practices across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithms on Trial: Does evaluative probabilistic reporting of forensic evidence infringe the presumption of innocence? 审判中的算法：法医证据的评估概率报告是否侵犯了无罪推定？

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591

Oriola Sallavaci

{"title":"Algorithms on Trial: Does evaluative probabilistic reporting of forensic evidence infringe the presumption of innocence?","authors":"Oriola Sallavaci","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific evidence plays an important role in criminal justice. Recent technological developments including the use of AI and advanced computational forensic software have made possible forensic examinations and expert opinions that previously would have been impossible. Alongside benefits, the use in criminal trials of forensic evidence based on computational technologies such as Probabilistic Genotyping (PG) DNA, is posing difficult problems for courts and has been met with controversy. This study focuses on one important aspect of the criticism surrounding the use of PG DNA evidence, which relates to the probabilistic reporting of the forensic evidence results. It explores whether the use of likelihood ratios to report evaluative expert opinions infringes the presumption of innocence. This is a fundamental question that concerns not only evidence based on advanced computational technologies such as PG DNA but all forensic disciplines where the use of likelihood ratios and probabilistic assessments of the evidence are being actively promoted. This article argues that the criticism on the use of probabilistic methods for evidence evaluation encountered in legal practice, scholarly debate, policy and legal reform documents, is founded on misunderstandings of the role and limitations of the forensic evidence, of the processes involved in arriving at an evaluative expert opinion, as well as of the meaning and scope of the presumption of innocence itself. An enhanced understanding of these fundamental issues will lead towards a better regulation of AI and forensic algorithms across jurisdictions, without diminishing the impact of the scientific evidence in criminal proceedings and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking ‘Probable Cause of Death’: A comparative analysis of Physician-Certified Verbal Autopsy and Forensic Autopsy Outputs in community deaths in Lusaka, Zambia 重新思考“可能的死亡原因”：对赞比亚卢萨卡社区死亡中经医生认证的口头尸检和法医尸检结果的比较分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100614

Bwalya Mulenga , Chibamba N. Mumba , Nathan M. Kayonde , Cordilia M. Himwaze , Luchenga A. Mucheleng'anga

引用次数: 0

Identifying the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers in an outdoor environment 鉴定室外环境中尸体的气味从死前到死后的转变

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616

Darshil Patel , Wesley S. Burr , Benoit Daoust , Shari Forbes

{"title":"Identifying the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers in an outdoor environment","authors":"Darshil Patel , Wesley S. Burr , Benoit Daoust , Shari Forbes","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in human remains during the early post-mortem period in an outdoor environment. Three cadavers (donors) were placed at an outdoor human decomposition facility, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected and analyzed using thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-TOFMS). The key findings revealed that nitrogen-containing compounds were predominant in early post-mortem VOC profiles, driven by enzymatic and bacterial activity. Esters, alcohols, and halogenated compounds were also identified, with esters linked to microbial transformation and alcohols possibly formed by lipid peroxidation. Ante-mortem VOCs were persistent across samples, influenced by skin microbiota and environmental factors like UV radiation, complicating the detection of decomposition odor. Post-mortem VOCs became more prominent after ADD 73.4(experimental day 3), signaling the transition to the bloat stage of decomposition. Variations in sample collection methods and external factors such as temperature were found to affect VOC abundances. This study provides critical insights into odor transition and has implications for the use of search and rescue (SAR) and human remains detection (HRD) dogs. Further research is needed to standardize methods and assess odor transitions across diverse environments and seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commentary on the Final report on complaint no. 23.67; Tiffany Roy; (Timothy Kalafut, PhD; evaluation of biological/DNA results given activity level propositions) 对第1号投诉最后报告的评论。23.67;蒂芙尼罗伊;(Timothy Kalafut博士；给定活动水平命题的生物/DNA结果评估)

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100592

Tiffany Roy

引用次数: 0