Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第2页

Methodological support for forensic science in the USA and Ukraine: A comparative study

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571

Nataliia Martynenko

{"title":"Methodological support for forensic science in the USA and Ukraine: A comparative study","authors":"Nataliia Martynenko","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant potential of proper methodological support in solving key tasks of forensic expert activity is noted. The procedure for certification and state registration of forensic examination methods introduced in Ukraine is analyzed. The composition and procedure for the activities of the advisory bodies of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine which determine the relevance and priority of forensic examination research are investigated. The author identifies the areas of concern in the methodological support of forensic institutions, the addressing of which relates to the activities of the State in terms of legal support of forensics at the legislative and departmental regulatory levels.</div><div>The requirements to the registration of research results by grantees of the US National Institute of Justice are clarified. The article compares research costs, access to scientific results, and promising research topics in the field of forensic science in the United States and Ukraine. Certain ways of solving the identified problems related to the methodological support of forensic expert activity were proposed, taking into account the specifics of the legal system of Ukraine and the experience of the National Institute of Justice in the United States. The author emphasizes the need for further development and strengthening of cooperation between forensic institutions and international organizations in the field of standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring mock juror evaluations of forensic evidence conclusion formats within a complete expert report

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100564

Agnes S. Bali, Kristy A. Martire

引用次数: 0

A practical approach to mitigating cognitive bias effects in forensic casework 减轻司法案件中认知偏见影响的实用方法。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100569

Carolina Rojas Alfaro , Diego Ureña Mora , Mauricio Chacón Hernández , Adele Quigley-McBride

{"title":"A practical approach to mitigating cognitive bias effects in forensic casework","authors":"Carolina Rojas Alfaro , Diego Ureña Mora , Mauricio Chacón Hernández , Adele Quigley-McBride","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historically, forensic science results have been admitted in court, with minimal scrutiny regarding their scientific validity. However, following the National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 2009) report, the forensic community has undergone a significant transformation. This shift has demonstrated that forensic scientists and laboratories want to ensure the scientific rigor and quality of their results, but that they are often uncertain where to begin when addressing concerns about error and bias. In response to these challenges, the Department of Forensic Sciences in Costa Rica designed and began a pilot program within the Questioned Documents Section of the laboratory. This program incorporates various existing research-based tools, including Linear Sequential Unmasking-Expanded, Blind Verifications, case managers, and other important mitigation strategies to enhance the reliability of and reduce subjectivity in forensic evaluations. This article discusses the journey from initial planning through to implementation and the impact of the strategies that were adopted. The article describes how the Department systematically addressed key barriers to implementation and maintenance after implementation, providing a model to other laboratories for prioritizing resource allocation. This successful pilot program demonstrates that there are feasible and effective changes that can mitigate bias, and this article presents evidence that existing recommendations in the literature can be used within laboratory systems to reduce error and bias in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing the volatile organic compound profile and detection capabilities of human remain detection dogs to human bones 建立人体遗骸检测犬对人体骨骼的挥发性有机化合物特征和检测能力。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100566

Frédérique Ouimet , Darshil Patel , Marissa Tsontakis , Clifford Samson , Shari L. Forbes

{"title":"Establishing the volatile organic compound profile and detection capabilities of human remain detection dogs to human bones","authors":"Frédérique Ouimet , Darshil Patel , Marissa Tsontakis , Clifford Samson , Shari L. Forbes","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of skeletal remains using human remain detection dogs (HRD) is often reported anecdotally by handlers to be a challenge. Limited studies have been conducted to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from bones, particularly when there is limited organic matter remaining. This study aimed to determine the VOCs emitted from dry, weathered bones and examine the detection performance of HRD dogs on these bones when used as training aids. The VOCs of four different bones (clavicle, rib, humerus, and vertebrae) from three cadavers were collected using sorbent tubes and analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography‒time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‒TOFMS). Subsequently, the responses of the HRD dogs to the bone samples were recorded over two separate two-day trials. A total of 296 VOCs were detected and classified into chemical classes, with aromatics and linear aliphatics being the most abundant classes. Several differences in the chemical class distribution were observed between the bone types, but the number and intensity of the VOCs were similar between the bone samples. During the HRD dog training, a higher false detection rate was observed on the first day of each trial; however, the detection rate improved to 100 % on the second day of each trial. Although the dogs are capable of detecting bones, they require exposure to and training with a diverse range of skeletal remains to enhance their efficiency. This is necessary due to the variations in the types and intensity of VOCs compared to earlier decomposition stages involving soft tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the forensic sexual assault investigations with LAMP-based male DNA detection 利用基于lamp的男性DNA检测加强法医性侵犯调查。

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100567

Sunita Chunkul , Tikumphorn Sathirapatya , Piyawan Dangklao , Praphat Kawicha , Rachaneekorn Tammachote , Kornkiat Vongpaisarnsin

{"title":"Enhancing the forensic sexual assault investigations with LAMP-based male DNA detection","authors":"Sunita Chunkul , Tikumphorn Sathirapatya , Piyawan Dangklao , Praphat Kawicha , Rachaneekorn Tammachote , Kornkiat Vongpaisarnsin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual assault is a terrible crime that demands a comprehensive and skilled investigation to gather the perpetrator's biological material. To collect all possible physical and biological evidence, forensic investigation is crucial and should be conducted as soon as possible. The primary focus of such investigations is the detection of male-specific materials. This study presents a novel assay utilizing the LAMP technique to detect male DNA. The assay underwent validation following the SWGDAM guidelines and was subsequently tested on 92 casework samples from sexual assault cases. To evaluate its performance, the outcomes of three distinct tests: acid phosphatase, microscopic examination, and the LAMP assay, were compared against the Y-STR profiling results. The LAMP assay exhibited remarkable efficiency, comparable to Y-STR profiling. These findings emphasize the LAMP technique's potential as a valuable tool for male DNA detection in forensic casework. Further research and validation studies are essential to fully explore its practical applications and enhance its utility in criminal investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mass fatality and disaster response preparedness across medical examiner and coroner offices in the United States 美国各法医和验尸官办公室的大规模死亡和灾难应对准备工作

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100462

Micaela A. Ascolese, Kelly A. Keyes, J. Ropero-Miller, Sean E. Wire, H. Smiley-McDonald

引用次数: 0

About the Polish contributions to lip print identification and the need for synergy in forensic research 关于波兰对唇纹鉴定的贡献以及法医研究协同作用的必要性

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100461

G. M. Fonseca, J. Kasprzak

引用次数: 0

UK parliamentary inquiry reports in forensic science – Plus ça change? 英国议会法医学调查报告 - Plus ça change?

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100549

Shrey Jhalani , Ruth M. Morgan , Amelia Shooter , John Cassella

{"title":"UK parliamentary inquiry reports in forensic science – Plus ça change?","authors":"Shrey Jhalani , Ruth M. Morgan , Amelia Shooter , John Cassella","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forensic Science provision in England and Wales underpins scientific evidence in many criminal cases. The quality of scientific investigation by scientists and the presentation of science insights has been under scrutiny and it is increasingly established that multiple significant, deep-rooted and persistent issues exist in the Forensic Science ecosystem.</p><p>A thematic analysis of seven UK parliamentary inquiry reports that addressed Forensic Science and published since 2000, identified key themes and contextual factors. A matrix model that illustrates the connectivity between these themes and factors was produced. The primary issue identified was the challenge of the traditionally narrow focus of inquiries on specific elements of the Forensic Science ecosystem, rather than considering that ecosystem holistically.</p><p>Through the analysis of these seven inquiry reports, it was possible to develop a matrix which provides a structured framework to critically consider the interconnections, interdependencies and connectivity between the key elements of the Forensic Science ecosystem. The matrix serves to highlight the need for an integrated approach that brings together an understanding of each component of the system and their intersections and connections to address the Forensic Science ecosystem more holistically and address the root causes of key Forensic Science challenges within the criminal justice system. It is hoped that the insights identified in this study offer a starting point for broader discussions and strategic activities across the Forensic Science community to find pathways forward to address persistent deep-seated challenges that have been identified in Forensic Science and find solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X24000962/pdfft?md5=9dc0988197be9108d07f2fa45079d2bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2589871X24000962-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Association of Forensic Boards 全国法医委员会协会

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100524

Daniel Katz, Kermit Channell, Jill Dooley

引用次数: 0

Improved likelihood ratios for face recognition in surveillance video by multimodal feature pairing 通过多模态特征配对提高监控视频中人脸识别的似然比

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100458

Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez , Zeno Geradts , Marcel Worring , Luis Unzueta

{"title":"Improved likelihood ratios for face recognition in surveillance video by multimodal feature pairing","authors":"Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez , Zeno Geradts , Marcel Worring , Luis Unzueta","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In forensic and security scenarios, accurate facial recognition in surveillance videos, often challenged by variations in pose, illumination, and expression, is essential. Traditional manual comparison methods lack standardization, revealing a critical gap in evidence reliability. We propose an enhanced images-to-video recognition approach, pairing facial images with attributes like pose and quality. Utilizing datasets such as ENFSI 2015, SCFace, XQLFW, ChokePoint, and ForenFace, we assess evidence strength using calibration methods for likelihood ratio estimation. Three models—ArcFace, FaceNet, and QMagFace—undergo validation, with the log-likelihood ratio cost (<em>C</em><sub><em>llr</em></sub>) as a key metric. Results indicate that prioritizing high-quality frames and aligning attributes with reference images optimizes recognition, yielding similar <em>C</em><sub><em>llr</em></sub> values to the top 25% best frames approach. A combined embedding weighted by frame quality emerges as the second-best method. Upon preprocessing facial images with the super resolution CodeFormer, it unexpectedly increased <em>C</em><sub><em>llr</em></sub>, undermining evidence reliability, advising against its use in such forensic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X24000056/pdfft?md5=4e6213402131e38344525390a883a8c8&pid=1-s2.0-S2589871X24000056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0