Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第4页

Recovering from Catastrophic Data Loss 从灾难性数据丢失中恢复

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100600

Deborah A. Calhoun

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Project Management in the Forensic World 法医学领域的项目管理

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100603

Leslie Parke

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3D Improves Efficiency 3D提高效率

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100604

Ryan Lilien, Zak Carr

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Influencing Stakeholders: Uniting Value 影响利益相关者：统一价值

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100599

Garry Bombard

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The problem with eliminations: Why forensic comparisons need false negative rates 消除的问题：为什么法医比较需要假阴性率

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100621

Maria Cuellar

{"title":"The problem with eliminations: Why forensic comparisons need false negative rates","authors":"Maria Cuellar","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the overlooked risk of false negative errors arising from eliminations in forensic firearm comparisons. While recent reforms in forensic science have focused on reducing false positives, eliminations — often based on class characteristics or intuitive judgments — receive little empirical scrutiny despite their potential to exclude true sources. In cases involving a closed pool of suspects, eliminations can function as de facto identifications, introducing serious risk of error. A review of existing validity studies reveals that many report only false positive rates, failing to provide a complete assessment of method accuracy. This asymmetry is reinforced by professional guidelines, such as those from AFTE, and echoed in major government reports, including those from NAS and PCAST. The article argues that eliminations, like identifications, must be validated through rigorous testing and reported with transparent error rates. It further cautions against the use of “common sense” eliminations in the absence of empirical support and highlights the dangers of contextual bias when examiners are aware of investigative constraints. Five policy recommendations are proposed to improve the scientific treatment and legal interpretation of eliminations, including balanced reporting of false positive and false negative rates, validation of intuitive judgments, and clear warnings against using eliminations to infer guilt in closed-pool scenarios. Without reform, eliminations will continue to escape scrutiny, perpetuating unmeasured error and undermining the integrity of forensic conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲法医牙科学的非殖民化

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622

Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty

{"title":"Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic odontology plays a vital role in human identification, age estimation, and legal investigations. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the field has developed within a framework shaped by colonial histories, Western methodologies, and systemic underinvestment in local capacity. This article critically examines the need to decolonise forensic odontology in the region, proposing a comprehensive reform agenda grounded in four intersecting domains: historical legacies, indigenous knowledge integration, ethical considerations, and policy reform. It highlights how colonial-era forensic practices continue to influence current protocols and legal standards, often to the detriment of scientific accuracy and justice. By recognising and incorporating traditional dental knowledge, such as ritual dental modifications and community oral histories, the field can be enriched and made more contextually relevant. Ethical challenges surrounding data sovereignty, informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and the use of contested techniques are addressed, with recommendations for more equitable and transparent forensic practices. Policy reforms are proposed to institutionalise forensic odontology through education, infrastructure development, legal recognition, and collaborative networks. The article argues that decolonisation is not a rejection of global science but a reorientation toward context-appropriate, ethically grounded, and locally led forensic systems. Through these reforms, Sub-Saharan Africa can build a forensic odontology discipline that is scientifically robust, culturally responsive, and capable of delivering justice and dignity to affected communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public views of forensic science: An intersection of science and policing? 公众对法医学的看法：科学与警务的交集？

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100640

Naomi Kaplan-Damary, Tal Jonathan-Zamir, Gali Perry, Eran Itskovich

{"title":"Public views of forensic science: An intersection of science and policing?","authors":"Naomi Kaplan-Damary, Tal Jonathan-Zamir, Gali Perry, Eran Itskovich","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consistent with the growing interest in public attitudes toward forensic science, the present study focuses on the potential antecedents of trust in forensics. Collecting and analyzing forensic evidence involves scientific methods, and thus trust in science as a whole may influence trust in forensics. At the same time, because the police are responsible for collecting and analyzing forensic evidence, public trust in the police may affect perceptions of forensic science. These hypothesized relationships align with theories of generalized trust, which suggest that individuals apply broad trust orientations across different authorities and social institutions. To test the role of these views as antecedents of trust in forensics, 1,342 Israelis were surveyed about their views of forensic science, the police, and science as a whole. A cluster analysis identified three groups of people: those expressing high levels of trust in all three institutions; those expressing low trust in all three; and those expressing high trust in science and forensics but low trust in the police. The clusters were associated with several socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, correlations reveal that trust in forensics is associated with trust in science and, to a lesser extent, with trust in the police, and may be embedded within broader patterns of institutional trust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries 欧洲法医DNA消除数据库：来自七个国家数据的比较分析

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617

Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács

{"title":"Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries","authors":"Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic DNA elimination databases are valuable tools for identifying potential contamination risks during forensic investigations. This study provides a comparative analysis of the design, implementation, and effectiveness of forensic DNA elimination databases across seven European countries: Sweden, Germany, Czechia, Poland, the Netherlands, the UK, and Finland. Data were collected through structured inquiries sent to ENFSI member states’ forensic DNA laboratories, focusing on key aspects such as legal frameworks, database sizes, and contamination cases identified through the elimination database. The results reveal significant differences in the establishment and management of these databases, reflecting diverse legal and operational contexts. The findings underscore the need to ensure that all European countries implement their elimination databases to standardize forensic procedures and improve the reliability of DNA evidence. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of introducing harmonized frameworks for forensic DNA elimination databases to enhance transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in forensic DNA practices across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations 多学科方法对母亲谋杀和死后同类相食：整合医学法律和精神病学调查

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615

Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations","authors":"Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannibalism is a practice documented since prehistoric times, with diversified motives. In the modern society, cannibalism is rare and often carried out in serious psychiatric contexts. Some authors have highlighted the association of these events with stories of family abuse and conflictual parental relationships. Forensic investigations can be complicated due to decomposition, dismemberment and the concealment or ingestion of entire parts of the corpse. We report a singular case of matricide. A woman was found brutally murdered in her home with anatomical parts of the body found scattered in the kitchen and in the freezer of the house. A scene analysis, an autopsy and criminological investigations using the psychological autopsy method were carried out. Forensic investigations proved that the cohabiting son had killed the woman using a blunt instrument causing her a head trauma and had subsequently dismembered the corpse by carrying out necrocannibalism. The psychological autopsy revealed that the man suffered from severe schizophrenia not treated with drugs and that he had previously attempted to attack his mother on other occasions. The study traces, through literature review, the medico-legal and psychiatric implications in cannibalism and emphasizes the need for prevention of these events through active psychiatric surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers in an outdoor environment 鉴定室外环境中尸体的气味从死前到死后的转变

Forensic Science International: Synergy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616

Darshil Patel , Wesley S. Burr , Benoit Daoust , Shari Forbes

{"title":"Identifying the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers in an outdoor environment","authors":"Darshil Patel , Wesley S. Burr , Benoit Daoust , Shari Forbes","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in human remains during the early post-mortem period in an outdoor environment. Three cadavers (donors) were placed at an outdoor human decomposition facility, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected and analyzed using thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-TOFMS). The key findings revealed that nitrogen-containing compounds were predominant in early post-mortem VOC profiles, driven by enzymatic and bacterial activity. Esters, alcohols, and halogenated compounds were also identified, with esters linked to microbial transformation and alcohols possibly formed by lipid peroxidation. Ante-mortem VOCs were persistent across samples, influenced by skin microbiota and environmental factors like UV radiation, complicating the detection of decomposition odor. Post-mortem VOCs became more prominent after ADD 73.4(experimental day 3), signaling the transition to the bloat stage of decomposition. Variations in sample collection methods and external factors such as temperature were found to affect VOC abundances. This study provides critical insights into odor transition and has implications for the use of search and rescue (SAR) and human remains detection (HRD) dogs. Further research is needed to standardize methods and assess odor transitions across diverse environments and seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0