{"title":"A deletion variant in LMX1B causing nail-patella syndrome in Japanese twins.","authors":"Nozomu Kishio, Kazuhiro Iwama, Sayuri Nakanishi, Ryosuke Shindo, Masaki Yasui, Naoki Nicho, Atsushi Takahashi, Mana Kohara, Michisato Hirata, Takahiro Kemmotsu, Miki Tanoshima, Shuichi Ito","doi":"10.1038/s41439-024-00266-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-024-00266-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in LMX1B and characterized by nail, limb, and renal symptoms. This study revealed a likely pathogenic LMX1B variant, NM_002316.4: c.723_726delinsC (p.Ser242del), in Japanese twins with clubfoot. The patients' mother, who shared this variant, developed proteinuria after delivery. p.Ser242del is located in the homeodomain of the protein, in which variants that cause renal disease tend to cluster. Our findings highlight p.Ser242del as a likely pathogenic variant, expanding our knowledge of NPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bilateral choroid plexus resection in a 9p hexasomy/tetrasomy mosaic patient","authors":"Rei Takada, Takenori Tozawa, Takumi Yamanaka, Masaharu Moroto, Tomoko Iehara, Tomohiro Chiyonobu","doi":"10.1038/s41439-024-00268-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-024-00268-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous reports have shown that a gain of the chromosome 9 short arm (9p) is associated with choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH). Furthermore, CPH can lead to communicating hydrocephalus; however, no cases of CPH with 9p gain requiring choroid plexus resection have been reported. Here, we describe the first case in which a 9p hexasomy/tetrasomy mosaic patient required choroid plexus resection for hydrocephalus. This finding suggested that the 9p copy number is correlated with CPH severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139969241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A severe case of cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome with a novel MAP3K7 variant","authors":"Hiromi Nyuzuki, Junichi Ozawa, Keisuke Nagasaki, Yosuke Nishio, Tomoo Ogi, Jun Tohyama, Takeshi Ikeuchi","doi":"10.1038/s41439-024-00265-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-024-00265-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCFS) is a congenital malformation characterized by growth retardation, facial features, short toes with carpal and tarsal fusion, extensive posterior neck vertebral fusion, congenital heart disease, and deafness. Here, we report a severe case of CSCFS with a novel variant, p.Thr187Ile, in <i>MAP3K7</i>. Thr187 is the main phosphorylation site for TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 encoded by <i>MAP3K7</i>, and this variant may cause significant abnormalities in downstream signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Nakama, Yuki Miwa, Sayaka Manabe, Shigeru Shimamoto, Hidenori Ohnishi
{"title":"Novel variant of FBN2 in a patient with congenital contractual arachnodactyly.","authors":"Mina Nakama, Yuki Miwa, Sayaka Manabe, Shigeru Shimamoto, Hidenori Ohnishi","doi":"10.1038/s41439-024-00264-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-024-00264-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital contractual arachnodactyly (CCA) is a genetic connective tissue disorder that is characterized by arachnodactyly, kyphoscoliosis, marfanoid habitus, and crumpled ears. We report a case of a boy with suspected Marfan syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed c.3207_3217+9del in a heterozygote form of the fibrillin-2 (FBN2) gene. This patient was diagnosed with CCA based on his phenotype, and the pathogenicity of this variant was classified according to cDNA analysis and protein modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10850470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aswathy P Nair, Ambika Selvakumar, Janani Gopalarethinam, B Abishek Kumar, Balachandar Vellingiri, Mohana Devi Subramaniam
{"title":"Epigenetic regulation of the nuclear genome associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).","authors":"Aswathy P Nair, Ambika Selvakumar, Janani Gopalarethinam, B Abishek Kumar, Balachandar Vellingiri, Mohana Devi Subramaniam","doi":"10.1038/s41439-023-00258-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-023-00258-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial hereditary disease in which visual loss affects complex 1 activity of the electron transport chain of mitochondria. It first manifests as painless dulling or blurry in one or even both eyes, and as it develops, sharpness and color perception are lost. In addition to primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, there are also other environmental and epigenetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of LHON. One of the most common locations for deadly pathogenic mutations in humans is the human complex I accessory NDUFS4 subunit gene. The iron-sulfur clusters of the electron input domain were distorted in the absence of NDUFS4, which reduced complex I function and elevated the production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, here, we studied the epigenetic alterations of NDUFS4 by focusing on histone activation and repressive markers. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LHON patients and healthy individuals and examined epigenetic modifications in ND4 mutant cells and control cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qRT PCR (ChIP-qRT PCR) assays were performed to investigate the modifications of histones. In comparison to their controls, both LHON patients and ND4 mutant cells exhibited a significant enrichment in activation and repressive markers. This finding indicates that these modifications might mitigate the impact of LHON mutations on complex 1 and aid in elucidating the mechanism underlying the progression of LHON disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel frameshift variant of WNT10A in a Japanese patient with hypodontia.","authors":"Michiyo Ando, Yoshihiko Aoki, Yasuto Sano, Junya Adachi, Masatoshi Sana, Satoru Miyabe, Satoshi Watanabe, Shogo Hasegawa, Hitoshi Miyachi, Junichiro Machida, Mitsuo Goto, Yoshihito Tokita","doi":"10.1038/s41439-023-00259-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-023-00259-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital tooth agenesis is caused by the impairment of crucial genes related to tooth development, such as Wnt signaling pathway genes. Here, we investigated the genetic causes of sporadic congenital tooth agenesis. Exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing, identified a novel single-nucleotide deletion in WNT10A (NC_000002.12(NM_025216.3):c.802del), which was not found in the healthy parents of the patient. Thus, we concluded that the variant was the genetic cause of the patient's agenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10806032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Šubrt, Tomáš Zavoral, Lukáš Strych, Monika Černá, Markéta Hejnalová, Pavla Komrsková, Jitka Tejcová
{"title":"A recurrent synonymous L1CAM variant in a fetus with hydrocephalus.","authors":"Ivan Šubrt, Tomáš Zavoral, Lukáš Strych, Monika Černá, Markéta Hejnalová, Pavla Komrsková, Jitka Tejcová","doi":"10.1038/s41439-024-00263-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-024-00263-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a hydrocephalic fetus in which clinical exome sequencing revealed a recurrent synonymous variant of unknown significance, c.453G>T, in the L1CAM gene. This report presents the second case of X-linked hydrocephalus in a fetus with this variant. Since we reproduced the RNA analysis, we were able to reclassify this variant as likely pathogenic. Our results stress the importance of not excluding synonymous variants during prioritization.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10806179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Episodic ataxia type 2 with a novel missense variant (Leu602Arg) in CACNA1A.","authors":"Shiroh Miura, Emina Watanabe, Kensuke Senzaki, Shigeyoshi Hiruki, Sayaka Matsumoto, Takuya Morikawa, Yusuke Uchiyama, Seiji Kurata, Masayuki Ochi, Yasumasa Ohyagi, Hiroki Shibata","doi":"10.1038/s41439-023-00261-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-023-00261-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autosomal dominant episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is caused by variants in CACNA1A. We examined a 20-year-old male with EA symptoms from a Japanese family with hereditary EA. Cerebellar atrophy was not evident, but single photon emission computed tomography showed cerebellar hypoperfusion. We identified a novel nonsynonymous variant in CACNA1A, NM_001127222.2:c.1805T>G (p.Leu602Arg), which is predicted to be functionally deleterious; therefore, this variant is likely responsible for EA2 in this pedigree.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10788331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare mosaic variant of GJA1 in a patient with a neurodevelopmental disorder.","authors":"Rina Shimomura, Tomoe Yanagishita, Kumiko Ishiguro, Minobu Shichiji, Takatoshi Sato, Keiko Shimojima Yamamoto, Miho Nagata, Yasuki Ishihara, Yohei Miyashita, Keiko Ishigaki, Satoru Nagata, Yoshihiro Asano, Toshiyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1038/s41439-023-00262-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41439-023-00262-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GJA1 is the causative gene for oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD). A novel de novo GJA1 variant, NM 000165:c263C > T [p.P88L], was identified in a mosaic state in a patient with short stature, seizures, delayed myelination, mild hearing loss, and tooth enamel hypoplasia. Although the patient exhibited severe neurodevelopmental delay, other clinical features of ODDD, including limb anomalies, were mild. This may be due to differences in the mosaic ratios in different organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"11 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10788341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel DLG4 variant causes DLG4-related synaptopathy with intellectual regression","authors":"Sachi Tokunaga, Hideki Shimomura, Naoko Taniguchi, Kumiko Yanagi, Tadashi Kaname, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Yasuhiro Takeshima","doi":"10.1038/s41439-023-00260-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00260-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>DLG4</i>-related synaptopathy is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a <i>DLG4</i> variant. We identified a novel de novo heterozygous frameshift variant, NM_001321075.3(<i>DLG4</i>):c.554_563del, in a Japanese girl. Intellectual regression without motor delay was observed at 2 years of age, and she was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Recognizing the possibility of <i>DLG4</i>-related synaptopathy in patients with intellectual regression is important for ensuring an accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36861,"journal":{"name":"Human Genome Variation","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}