Temperature最新文献

{"title":"About the cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1844428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1844428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":" ","pages":"W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1844428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38654306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoregulatory reflex control of cutaneous vasodilation in healthy aging.","authors":"Jody L Greaney,&nbsp;Anna E Stanhewicz,&nbsp;S Tony Wolf,&nbsp;W Larry Kenney","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1832950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1832950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reflex cutaneous vasodilation during heating is attenuated in healthy human aging secondary to blunted increases in efferent skin sympathetic nervous system activity (SSNA) and reductions in end-organ sensitivity. Whether age-related alterations in the mean body temperature ( <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b) threshold for increasing SSNA and/or the sensitivity of responses are evident with aging have not been examined. We tested the hypotheses that the T_b threshold for SSNA and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) would be increased, but the sensitivity would be reduced, with aging. Reflex vasodilation was induced in 13 young (23 ± 3 y) and 13 older (67 ± 7 y) adults using a water-perfused suit to systematically increase mean skin and esophageal temperatures. SSNA (peroneal microneurography) and red cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) in the innervated dermatome were continuously measured. SSNA was normalized to baseline; CVC was normalized as a percentage of maximal CVC. Baseline <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b was lower in older adults (36.0 ± 0.4°C vs 36.4 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.005). During passive heating, the ∆ <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b thresholds for increasing SSNA and CVC were greater (1.3 ± 0.4°C vs 0.9 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.007 and 1.3 ± 0.4°C vs 0.8 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.002, respectively) in older adults. The slope of the relation between both SSNA (0.31 ± 0.23 vs 0.13 ± 0.10 V⋅s⋅°C ^-1; p = 0.01) and CVC (87.5 ± 50.1 vs 32.4 ± 18.1%max⋅°C^-1; p = 0.002) vs <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b was lower in older adults. The relative <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b threshold for activation of SSNA and the initiation of reflex cutaneous vasodilation is higher in older adults, and once activated, the sensitivity of both responses is diminished, supporting the concept that the efferent component of the thermoregulatory reflex arc is impaired in healthy aging. <b>Abbreviations</b>: CI: confidence interval; CVC: cutaneous vascular conductance; SSNA: skin sympathetic nervous system activity; <math><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </math> _b: mean body temperature; T_es: esophageal temperature; <math> <mrow><mover><mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo></mover> </mrow> </math> _sk: mean skin temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 2","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1832950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39000591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and exposure to environmental heat stress on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats.","authors":"Felipe Lioe Teh Shang,&nbsp;Samuel Penna Wanner,&nbsp;William Coutinho Damasceno,&nbsp;Ygor Antônio Tinoco Martins,&nbsp;Andressa Silva,&nbsp;Luciano Sales Prado","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1829939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1829939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence indicates that aerobic performance is degraded either by environmental heat stress or sleep deprivation. However, whether these conditions interact to produce more significant performance impairment deserves further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of experimental sleep deprivation (24 h or 96 h) on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in rats exercised on a treadmill at different environmental conditions. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) using the modified multiple platform method and were then subjected to an incremental-speed exercise until they were fatigued. Treadmill running was performed in a temperate (24°C) or warm (31°C) environment, and the colonic temperature (an index of core body temperature; T_CORE) and the tail-skin temperature (T_SKIN; an index of cutaneous heat loss) were recorded. 24-h and 96-h RSD produced small magnitude reductions in aerobic performance (Cohen's d = 0.47-0.58) and minor changes in thermoregulation. Relative to control rats, sleep-deprived rats showed a higher T_CORE at the exercise initiation and a higher threshold for activating cutaneous heat loss, but unchanged T_CORE and T_SKIN at fatigue. Exercise at 31°C induced large reductions in performance (d = 0.82-1.29) and marked changes in thermoregulation, as evidenced by higher T_CORE and T_SKIN at fatigue, compared to exercise at 24°C. Interestingly, none of the effects induced by RSD were exacerbated by environmental heat stress and vice-versa, indicating that both conditions did not interact. We conclude that RSD and heat stress modulate aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses by acting independently.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 2","pages":"188-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1829939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38989946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1830469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1830469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"7 3","pages":"W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1830469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38548428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweat rate and sweat composition following active or passive heat re-acclimation: A pilot study.","authors":"Lisa Klous,&nbsp;Cornelis de Ruiter,&nbsp;Puck Alkemade,&nbsp;Hein Daanen,&nbsp;Nicola Gerrett","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1826287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1826287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate local sweat rate (LSR) and sweat composition before and after active or passive heat re-acclimation (HRA). Fifteen participants completed four standardized heat stress tests (HST): before and after ten days of controlled hyperthermia (CH) heat acclimation (HA), and before and after five days of HRA. Each HST consisted of 35 min of cycling at 1.5W·kg^-1 body mass (33°C and 65% relative humidity), followed by a graded exercise test. For HRA, participants were re-exposed to either CH (CH-CH, <i>n</i> = 6), hot water immersion (water temperature ~40°C for 40 min; CH-HWI, <i>n</i> = 5) or control (CH-CON, <i>n</i> = 4). LSR, sweat sodium, chloride, lactate and potassium concentrations were determined on the arm and back. LSR increased following HA (arm +18%; back +41%, <i>P ≤ </i> 0.03) and HRA (CH-CH: arm +31%; back +45%; CH-HWI: arm +65%; back +49%; CH-CON arm +11%; back +11%, <i>P ≤ </i>0.021). Sweat sodium, chloride and lactate decreased following HA (arm 25-34; back 21-27%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and HRA (CH-CH: arm 26-54%; back 20-43%; CH-HWI: arm 9-49%; back 13-29%; CH-CON: arm 1-3%, back 2-5%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). LSR increases on both skin sites were larger in CH-CH and CH-HWI than CH-CON (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.010), but CH-CH and CH-HWI were not different (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.148). Sweat sodium and chloride conservation was larger in CH-CH than CH-HWI and CH-CON on the arm and back, whilst CH-HWI and CH-CON were not different (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.265). These results suggest that active HRA leads to similar increases in LSR, but more conservation of sweat sodium and chloride than passive HRA. <b>Abbreviations:</b> ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; BSA (m²): Body surface area; CH: Controlled hyperthermia; CH-CH: Heat re-acclimation by controlled hyperthermia; CH-CON: Control group (no heat re-acclimation); CH-HWI: Heat re-acclimation by hot water immersion; CV (%): Coefficient of variation; dt (min): Duration of a stimulus; F: Female; GEE: Generalized estimating equations; HA: Heat acclimation; HRA : Heat re-acclimation; HST: Heat stress test; LSR (mg·cm^-2·min^-1) : Local sweat rate; LOD (mmol·L^-1): Limit of detection; M: Male; <math> <mrow><msub><mi>m</mi> <mi>x</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> (mg): Mass of x; RH (%): Relative humidity; RT: Recreationally trained; SA (cm²): Surface area; t (min): Time; T: Trained; T_sk (°C): Skin temperature; T_re (°C): Rectal temperature; USG : Urine specific gravity; VO_2peak (mL·kg^-1·min^-1): Peak oxygen uptake; WBSL (L): Whole-body sweat loss; WBSR (L·h^-1): Whole-body sweat rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 1","pages":"90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1826287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25344685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged facemask use in the heat worsens dyspnea without compromising motor-cognitive performance.","authors":"Nathan B Morris,&nbsp;Jacob F Piil,&nbsp;Lasse Christiansen,&nbsp;Andreas D Flouris,&nbsp;Lars Nybo","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1826840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1826840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO endorses facemask use to limit aerosol-spreading of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, concerns have been raised regarding facemask-associated dyspnea, thermal distress and self-reported impairment of cognition. Accordingly, we tested how facemask-use affects motor-cognitive performances of relevance for occupational safety. We hypothesized that mask use would affect cognitively dominated performances and thermal discomfort, but not alter whole-body thermal balance. <b>Methods:</b> Eight participants completed a facemask and a barefaced (control) trial, in a counterbalanced order, in 40°C and 20% humidity conditions. Motor-cognitive performance, physiological (rectal, mean skin and local facial temperatures) and perceptual (thermal comfort and dyspnea) measures were assessed at baseline and following 45 min of light work (100 W). <b>Results:</b> Perceived dyspnea was aggravated with prolonged facemask use (p = 0.04), resulting in 36% greater breathlessness compared to control. However, no other differences were observed in motor-cognitive performance, physiological strain, or thermal discomfort. <b>Conclusions:</b> Contradicting negative self-reported impacts of facemask-use, only dyspnea was aggravated in the present study, thereby reinforcing global recommendations of mask use, even in hot environments. (Funded by: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No 668786).</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 2","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1826840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39000589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermography for defining efficiency of cryotherapy modalities in sport: Comment on: Alexander, J., Selfe, J., Birdsall, D., Rhodes, D. The effects of three different cryotherapy modalities on skin surface temperature across squad positions in a population of male, rugby union players. <i>Int J Sports Physical Therapy</i>. 2020;15(2): 210-220.","authors":"Jill Alexander,&nbsp;David Rhodes","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1819517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1819517","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared Thermal Imaging (TI) is well evidenced for the quantification of skin surface temperature (Tsk) and abundantly used within cryotherapeutic research [1–4]. We have published several articles recently on the effects of local cryotherapy with the physiological effects quantified through Tsk via TI techniques [3,4]. The remit of those studies was based on two key themes: (i) Tsk response to contemporary cooling modalities compared to traditional applications (ii) Tsk and physiological response to contemporary cryo-compressive devices with varying pressure adjuncts for the management of musculoskeletal injury or as a recovery strategy in sport. Comparison of traditional methods of cryotherapy modalities to modern alternatives in sport provided justification to progress the knowledge in theme (i). Literature to support theme (ii) was evidently lacking and developed naturally to combine multiple contemporary cooling modalities that operate cooling and compression simultaneously. All of which quantified Tsk through infrared TI and followed guidance by Moreira et al. [2], for the setup of thermology capture. Several investigations utilize infrared TI as an objective measure to quantify the efficiency of common cooling modalities used in sport by way of Tsk. Preferences on the choice of cooling modality often amount to whether optimal temperatures can be achieved in the target tissues and are quantified via Tsk. In our recently published manuscript in the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy [3], we aimed to determine differences in the cooling ability of three different cryotherapy modalities (Wetted Ice, Crushed Ice and CryoCuff®), in a specific sports population through physiological measures of Tsk using TI. Physical characteristics vary between playing positions in rugby union due to the demands of the game, and in consideration of this, levels of adipose tissue vary and influence interference on the efficacy of local cooling applications. To date, although studies consider a comparison of multiple cooling modalities, typically methods fail to report heterogeneities of participants or properties of the modality. A therapeutic temperature range for target Tsk following local cooling applications of 10–15°C has previously been proposed [1]. This typically represents a Tsk range whereby physiological responses occur and are often referred to in publications related to cooling parameters achieved by cryotherapeutic modalities [1]. Results from our study [3] demonstrated differences in Tsk response to cooling with wetted ice displaying the greatest reductions. The main findings however highlighted not only the significant differences between Tsk when comparing between the three different modalities (Wetted Ice; Crushed Ice and CryoCuff®) but also across playing positions (forward and backs). Results suggest using TI, to determine the effects of such variable (physical characteristics) is useful to consider in relation to the efficacy o","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 2","pages":"105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1819517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39022651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial warming and cooling: Either or both?","authors":"Andrej A Romanovsky","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1818914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1818914","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"7 3","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1818914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38648991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated body temperature contributes to the increased heart rate response during eccentric compared to concentric cycling when matched for oxygen consumption.","authors":"Tor Eiken,&nbsp;Amelia J Harrison,&nbsp;Catriona A Burdon,&nbsp;Herbert Groeller,&nbsp;Gregory E Peoples","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1810199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1810199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cardiovascular requirement to facilitate thermal homeostasis may partly contribute to the elevated heart rate during eccentric cycling. This study compared the body temperature response to a bout of eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) cycling to account for the difference in heart rate. Eight (<i>N</i> = 8) aerobically trained males (age 35 y [SD 8], peak oxygen consumption 3.82 L.min^-1 [SD 0.79]) completed an ECC cycling trial (60% PPO) followed by an oxygen consumption/duration matched CON trial (30 <math><msup><mi> </mi> <mo>∘</mo></msup> <mi>C</mi></math> , 35% RH) on a separate day. Trial termination was determined as an elevation in aural temperature, a surrogate of deep body temperature, by +0.5 <math><msup><mi> </mi> <mo>∘</mo></msup> <mi>C</mi></math> during ECC. Mean skin (8-sites) and body temperature (weighting of 80:20 for auditory canal and mean skin temperature) were calculated. Matching the oxygen consumption between the trials increased external work during ECC cycling (CON: 71 [SD 14] ECC: 194 [SD 38] W, p < 0.05) and elevated aural temperature (+0.5 <math><msup><mi> </mi> <mo>∘</mo></msup> <mi>C</mi></math> ) by 20 min 32 s [SD 9 min 19 s] in that trial. The peak rate of rise in aural temperature was significantly greater in ECC (CON: 0.012 [SD 0.007] ECC: 0.031 [SD 0.002] ^oC.s^-1, p < 0.05). Aural, mean skin and body temperature were significantly higher during the ECC trial (p < 0.05) and this was accompanied by elevated mean heart rate (CON: 103 [SD 14] ECC: 118 [SD 12] b.min^-1, p < 0.05) and thermal discomfort (p < 0.05). Moderate load eccentric cycling imposes an elevated thermal strain when compared to concentric cycling. This requirement for dissipating heat, in part, explains the elevated heart rate during eccentric cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2020.1810199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25342744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing quality in preclinical data: Of hot science and cool quality.","authors":"Anton Bespalov, Christoph Emmerich, Björn Gerlach","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1801133","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2020.1801133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":" ","pages":"301-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678921/pdf/KTMP_7_1801133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38654303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}