Temperature最新文献

{"title":"Indicators to assess physiological heat strain - Part 3: Multi-country field evaluation and consensus recommendations.","authors":"Leonidas G Ioannou,&nbsp;Lydia Tsoutsoubi,&nbsp;Konstantinos Mantzios,&nbsp;Maria Vliora,&nbsp;Eleni Nintou,&nbsp;Jacob F Piil,&nbsp;Sean R Notley,&nbsp;Petros C Dinas,&nbsp;George A Gourzoulidis,&nbsp;George Havenith,&nbsp;Matt Brearley,&nbsp;Igor B Mekjavic,&nbsp;Glen P Kenny,&nbsp;Lars Nybo,&nbsp;Andreas D Flouris","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2022.2044739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2022.2044739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a series of three companion papers published in this Journal, we identify and validate the available thermal stress indicators (TSIs). In this third paper, we conducted field experiments across nine countries to evaluate the efficacy of 61 meteorology-based TSIs for assessing the physiological strain experienced by individuals working in the heat. We monitored 372 experi-enced and acclimatized workers during 893 full work shifts. We continuously assessed core body temperature, mean skin temperature, and heart rate data together with pre/post urine specific gravity and color. The TSIs were evaluated against 17 published criteria covering physiological parameters, practicality, cost effectiveness, and health guidance issues. Simple meteorological parameters explained only a fraction of the variance in physiological heat strain (R² = 0.016 to 0.427; p < 0.001), reflecting the importance of adopting more sophisticated TSIs. Nearly all TSIs correlated with mean skin temperature (98%), mean body temperature (97%), and heart rate (92%), while 66% of TSIs correlated with the magnitude of dehydration and 59% correlated with core body temperature (r = 0.031 to 0.602; p < 0.05). When evaluated against the 17 published criteria, the TSIs scored from 4.7 to 55.4% (max score = 100%). The indoor (55.4%) and outdoor (55.1%) Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (51.7%) scored higher compared to other TSIs (4.7 to 42.0%). Therefore, these three TSIs have the highest potential to assess the physiological strain experienced by individuals working in the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":" ","pages":"274-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/ad/KTMP_9_2044739.PMC9559325.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased air temperature decreases high-speed, but not total distance, in international field hockey.","authors":"Carl A James,&nbsp;Ashley G B Willmott,&nbsp;Aishwar Dhawan,&nbsp;Craig Stewart,&nbsp;Oliver R Gibson","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1997535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1997535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of heat stress on locomotor activity within international field hockey at team, positional and playing-quarter levels. Analysis was conducted on 71 matches played by the Malaysia national men's team against 24 opponents. Fixtures were assigned to match conditions, based on air temperature [COOL (14 ± 3°C), WARM (24 ± 1°C), HOT (27 ± 1°C), or VHOT (32 ± 2°C), p < 0.001]. Relationships between locomotor metrics and air temperature (AIR), absolute and relative humidity, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) were investigated further using correlation and regression analyses. Increased AIR and WBGT revealed similar correlations (p < 0.01) with intensity metrics; high-speed running (AIR <i>r</i> = -0.51, WBGT <i>r</i> = -0.45), average speed (AIR <i>r</i> = -0.48, WBGT <i>r</i> = -0.46), decelerations (AIR <i>r</i> = -0.41, WBGT <i>r</i> = -0.41), sprinting efforts (AIR <i>r</i> = -0.40, WBGT <i>r</i> = -0.36), and sprinting distance (AIR <i>r</i> = -0.37, WBGT <i>r</i> = -0.29). In comparison to COOL, HOT, and VHOT matches demonstrated reduced high-speed running intensity (-14-17%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), average speed (-5-6%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), sprinting efforts (-17%; <i>p</i> = 0.010) and decelerations per min (-12%; <i>p</i> = 0.008). Interactions were found between match conditions and playing quarter for average speed (+4-7%; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and sprinting distance (+16-36%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), both of which were higher in the fourth quarter in COOL <i>versus</i> WARM, HOT and VHOT. There was an interaction for \"low-speed\" (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but not for \"high-speed\" running (<i>p</i> = 0.076) demonstrating the modulating effect of air temperature (particularly >25°C) on pacing within international hockey. These are the first data demonstrating the effect of air temperature on locomotor activity within international men's hockey, notably that increased air temperature impairs high-intensity activities by 5-15%. Higher air temperatures compromise high-speed running distances between matches in hockey.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":" ","pages":"357-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/b2/KTMP_9_1997535.PMC9629124.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.2008188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.2008188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 4","pages":"W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654473/pdf/KTMP_8_2008188.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backstage of rising body temperature: Advances in research on intracellular heat diffusion.","authors":"Taras Plakhotnik,&nbsp;Madoka Suzuki","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1982363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1982363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 4","pages":"303-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654472/pdf/KTMP_8_1982363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of ovarian hormones on physiological responses to cold in women","authors":"Andrew M. Greenfield, N. Charkoudian, Billie K. Alba","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1953688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1953688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While it is clear that the ovarian hormones estradiol and progesterone have important influences on physiological thermoregulation in women, the influences of these hormones on responses to cold exposure are not well understood. Both heat conservation and heat production must increase to offset heat losses that decrease body temperature in cold ambient conditions. Cutaneous vasoconstriction conserves heat, whereas shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis produce heat – all as part of reflex physiological responses to cold exposure. Our goal in this brief review is to highlight existing knowledge and recent advances pertaining to sex and sex hormone influences on thermoeffector responses to cold stress. Estrogens have multiple influences that contribute to heat dissipation and a lower body temperature, while the influence of progesterone appears to primarily increase body temperature. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone across the menstrual cycle can alter the level at which body temperature is regulated. Recent evidence suggests that female reproductive hormones can modulate the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response, and may influence metabolic mechanisms such as substrate utilization during shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Overall, it appears that quantitative differences in cold thermoregulation between sexes are minimal when anthropometric measures are minimized, such that women do not have a strong “advantage” or “disadvantage” in terms of overall ability to tolerate cold. Thermoregulatory physiology in women during cold exposure remains relatively understudied and many mechanisms require further elucidation.","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"9 1","pages":"23 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging of pleasantness and unpleasantness induced by thermal stimuli.","authors":"Adriana Banozic","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1959288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1959288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional brain imaging techniques provide unique insight into the process of human thermal regulation and its associated hedonics. Similar neuroimaging techniques have predominantly focused on the neural characterization of thermal response separately from hedonics. In this instance, there is a gap in the understanding of hedonics related to regional brain activations. Responses to localized, thermal stimuli are yet to be characterized, but it would appear that thermoregulatory regions are widely distributed throughout the hemispheres of the human brain. The distributed nature of neural activations related to temperature responses is consistent with multiple related functions contributing to thermoregulation. Estimating hedonics of thermal stimulation includes a cognitive process that could potentially interfere with identifying activation specific to hedonics. A future challenge for brain imaging studies is to more accurately dissect the functional neuroanatomy of thermoregulation and related hedonics in hemispheric regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 4","pages":"342-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654474/pdf/KTMP_8_1959288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of living and working in a hot environment on cognitive function in a quiet and temperature-controlled room: An oil and gas industry study.","authors":"Olivier Girard,&nbsp;Nadia Gaoua,&nbsp;Justin Grantham,&nbsp;Wade Knez,&nbsp;Andrew Walsh,&nbsp;Sebastien Racinais","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1959289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1959289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the effects of seasonal heat stress on cognitive function in outdoor workers. Thirty-nine workers from an oil and gas industry in the Middle-East volunteered for cognitive testing before (5.30 to 7.00 am) and after (3.30 to 5.00 pm) their daily work-shift in hot (August - average daily temperature: ~41°C) and temperate (January - average daily temperature: ~22°C) seasons. While physical activity was reduced in hot compared to temperate season (average normalized acceleration: 96 ± 33 <i>vs</i>. 112 ± 31 × 10^-3 g; -12.5 ± 4.7%; P = 0.010), the average core temperature during the work-shift was higher in the hot season (37.4 ± 0.2 <i>vs</i>. 37.2 ± 0.2°C; P = 0.002). Peak core temperature was 38.0 ± 0.1°C and 37.8 ± 0.1°C in hot and temperate seasons, respectively. Cognitive performance did not differ between seasons for tests of recognition memory (P = 0.169), working memory (P = 0.797) and executive function (P = 0.145), independent of testing time. Whereas there was no significant main effect of testing time for tests of recognition memory (P = 0.503) and working memory (P = 0.849), the number of problems solved on the first choice for the executive function test was lower in the afternoon than the morning (-9.2 ± 5.3%; P = 0.039). There was no season × testing time interaction for any cognitive tests (P ≥ 0.145). In the absence of hyperthermia, living and working in a hot environment does not alter cognitive function in oil and gas industry workers tested in a quiet and temperature-controlled room, with reduced clothing encumbrance (relative to work). Conclusions should not be extrapolated to more stressful situations (i.e., thermal stressor present, pronounced dehydration, noise).</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 4","pages":"372-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654476/pdf/KTMP_8_1959289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1972637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1972637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 3","pages":"W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8409748/pdf/KTMP_8_1972637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39453111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed framework for forecasting heat-effects on motor-cognitive performance in the Summer Olympics.","authors":"Jacob Feder Piil,&nbsp;Boris Kingma,&nbsp;Nathan B Morris,&nbsp;Lasse Christiansen,&nbsp;Leonidas G Ioannou,&nbsp;Andreas D Flouris,&nbsp;Lars Nybo","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1957367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1957367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat strain impairs performance across a broad spectrum of sport disciplines. The impeding effects of hyperthermia and dehydration are often ascribed to compromised cardiovascular and muscular functioning, but expert performance also depends on appropriately tuned sensory, motor and cognitive processes. Considering that hyperthermia has implications for central nervous system (CNS) function and fatigue, it is highly relevant to analyze how heat stress forecasted for the upcoming Olympics may influence athletes. This paper proposes and demonstrates the use of a framework combining expected weather conditions with a heat strain and motor-cognitive model to analyze the impact of heat and associated factors on discipline- and scenario-specific performances during the Tokyo 2021 games. We pinpoint that hyperthermia-induced central fatigue may affect prolonged performances and analyze how hyperthermia may impair complex motor-cognitive performance, especially when accompanied by either moderate dehydration or exposure to severe solar radiation. Interestingly, several short explosive performances may benefit from faster cross-bridge contraction velocities at higher muscle temperatures in sport disciplines with little or no negative heat-effect on CNS fatigue or motor-cognitive performance. In the analyses of scenarios and Olympic sport disciplines, we consider thermal impacts on \"motor-cognitive factors\" such as decision-making, maximal and fine motor-activation as well as the influence on central fatigue and pacing. From this platform, we also provide perspectives on how athletes and coaches can identify risks for their event and potentially mitigate negative motor-cognitive effects for and optimize performance in the environmental settings projected.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 3","pages":"262-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/69/KTMP_8_1957367.PMC8409751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39389504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bracing for heat and humidity amidst new challenges in Tokyo: Comment on: Vanos JK, Thomas WM, Grundstein AJ, Hosokawa Y, Liu Y, Casa DJ. A multi-scalar climatological analysis in preparation for extreme heat at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Temperature 2020;7(2):191-214, DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1737479.","authors":"Jennifer K Vanos,&nbsp;Wendy Marie Thomas,&nbsp;Andy Grundstein,&nbsp;Yuri Hosokawa,&nbsp;Doug Casa","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.1960104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1960104","url":null,"abstract":"After a year-long delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Tokyo 2020 is set to begin. Extreme heat in Tokyo and its impending challenges to athletes, volunteers, and spectators has been covered extensively in the literature in recent years [1,2]. Among these studies, few have drawn upon large-scale atmospheric patterns and intraurban climatology that help us answer the question “just how hot and humid could it be across and within the city?” compared to the climatological “normal” for Tokyo. Our recent article published in Temperature [3] focused on the multi-scalar heat challenges that will impact Tokyo’s weather at the Games––planetary atmospheric dynamics to intra-urban temperature variability––for the year 2020. However, with the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and one-year postponement of the Games, we would like to take this opportunity to provide an update on the atmospheric-ocean dynamics affecting Tokyo in summer 2021, and what these changes (as well as new COVID-precautions) mean for preparedness efforts for the athletes, coaches, clinicians, and volunteers (note: spectators are not allowed and are therefore not a concern). With a focus on the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), our 2020 paper assessed how summertime ENSO conditions affected Tokyo’s summertime wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) using 35 years of data from 1981–2016. Depending on the atmospheric patterns within/over the Pacific Ocean, the summertime WBGT levels in Tokyo can vary by 3.95°C [3]. In late summer 2020, neutral ENSO conditions were present; last summer was warmer than average by +0.27°C across Japan according to the Japan Meteorological Association (https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/ products/gwp/temp/jun_wld.html). These neutral conditions were followed by a negative phase La Niña throughout the boreal autumn and winter. The ENSO pattern shifted back to a neutral phase in summer 2021, which is favored to remain all summer in the northern hemisphere [4]. Based on our work, there was only one year (1986, Quartile 3) where La Niña preceded a neutral year. This quartile represents WBGT levels in the second-highest quartile, with an average daytime WBGT of 28.1°C (range: 29.7–28.2°C) [3]. Moreover, this occurred in a period (pre-1990s) when the ENSO teleconnections (ability to influence weather in other areas) differed. Thus, there is no climatological analogy from which to extrapolate a possible pattern. In this case, standard local climatology may be the best guide, particularly because neutral conditions cause temperatures, winds, and rainfall in the tropical Pacific region to be near their long-term averages. With respect to sea surface temperatures in the Tokyo region, these temperatures are expected to be 0.5–1.0°C (July–Sept) above normal based on the APEC climate center multi-model deterministic forecast (www.apcc21.org/main.do) (note: for the Tokyo area, average water temperatures are 25.7°C for August). Hence, water temperatures for water events should remai","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 3","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8478335/pdf/KTMP_8_1960104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39474666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}