Temperature最新文献

{"title":"About the Cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2717861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2717861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"227-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat stress reduces high-speed running and sprint performances in highly trained young football players during official match play.","authors":"Diêgo Augusto, João Brito, Fabrício V A Vasconcellos","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2710567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2710567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the running performance of highly trained young male football players during official matches played under different heat stress risk conditions. Young highly trained male football players (<i>n</i> = 37) from one club in Brazil were monitored during 50 official matches. Relative and absolute metrics were monitored, including total distance, low-to-moderate running, high-speed running and activities, sprinting distance, number of sprints, accelerations, and decelerations. Heat stress risk conditions were calculated using the wet-bulb globe temperature and were categorized as low, moderate, high. Linear mixed models were used to compare performance metrics under different heat stress risk conditions. Overall, relative and absolute performance metrics were reduced under high-risk conditions compared to low-risk: high-speed running distance and number of sprints and decelerations were reduced by 24%, 25%, and 19%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05); in particular, high-speed running distance was markedly reduced in central defenders (-43%), fullbacks (-25%) and forwards (-19%) under high-risk conditions. Under moderate-risk conditions, compared to low-risk, high-speed running distance and sprinting were reduced (-16% and -26%, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.01), with major differences in central defenders (-32%) and forwards (-16%). When high-risk conditions were compared with moderate-risk conditions, differences were observed in absolute metrics (<i>p</i> < 0.05): central defenders had reduced total distance and low-to-moderate running by 4-5%, whereas high-speed running distance was reduced in fullbacks (9%). These findings indicate that young highly trained football players reduce high-intensity running performance under heat stress, likely as a pacing strategy to cope with increased physiological strain during matches.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"254-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating sex hormones, specifically estrogen in females and testosterone in males, are associated with ambient environmental temperature during prolonged physical training.","authors":"Gabrielle E W Giersch, Karleigh E Bradbury, Brittany Bozzini, Katelyn Guerriere Aaron, Leila A Walker, Stephen Foulis, Julie M Hughes, Nisha Charkoudian, Kristin L Popp","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2710566","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2710566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulating sex hormones play important roles in reproductive and non-reproductive physiological homeostasis. We evaluated the relationships of sex hormones measured in urine and serum with ambient temperature (maximum and average daily temperatures) in male and female soldiers undergoing initial military training (<i>n</i> = 237, 125F; data are mean ± SD; age: 21 ± 4 years, BMI: 24 ± 3, body fat: 28 ± 7%). Participants provided intermittent blood samples for assessment of 17β-estradiol, total and free-testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone binding globulin. Females not using hormonal contraceptives (non-HC users) additionally provided daily first morning urine samples which were analyzed for metabolites of estrogen normalized to creatinine (estrone conjugates, E1C) and progesterone (pregnanediol glucuronide, PDG), LH, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between maximum and average daily temperatures and circulating hormonal and gonadotropin concentrations. In urine collected from female non-HC users, maximum daily temperature was inversely associated with E1C and FSH (<i>p</i> = 0.0019, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Total testosterone was inversely related to maximum daily temperature in males (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and positively associated in both groups of females (non-HC users: <i>p</i> = 0.004, HC users: <i>p</i> = 0.018). Estradiol was inversely related to maximum daily temperature in female non-HC users only (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There was no relationship between temperature (maximum or average) and serum or urine LH, or urine PDG. These findings suggest that ambient temperature is associated with modest sex- and hormone-specific variation in circulating sex hormone concentrations during prolonged physical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"275-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A temperature-controlled mattress cover is associated with improved subjective sleep in elite male Australian-rules football athletes: A 14-night parallel-group field study.","authors":"Shauna Stevenson, Yazmin Hayes, Haresh T Suppiah, Matthew W Driller","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2703946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2703946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is recognized as a critical factor in athletic recovery and performance. However, elite athletes often experience inadequate sleep, and research suggests that disturbances in thermoregulatory processes may be a contributing factor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a temperature-controlled mattress cover on thermal comfort and sleep outcomes in professional athletes. Thirty-two elite male Australian Rules Football athletes (mean ± SD age: 23 ± 4 years) participated in a 14-night intervention using a temperature-controlled mattress cover (Eight Sleep Pod 3) (POD, <i>n</i> = 16) or their own mattress (CON, <i>n</i> = 16). The Brief-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was used to analyze changes in sleep quality. Post-intervention, the POD group rated perceived thermal comfort, sleep impact, satisfaction, and recovery on a 1-10 Likert scale. Linear mixed models showed significant group ×time interaction favoring POD over CON for total sleep time (TST; +29 min, <i>g</i> = 1.41, <i>p =</i> 0.008), improvements in sleep quality (-1.0, <i>g</i> = -3.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and global score (-2.4, <i>g</i> = -2.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001) all taken from the B-PSQI. Perceived thermal comfort in the POD group did not change significantly from pre- to post-intervention (median [Q1-Q3]l 3.0 [2.0-4.0] and 4.0 [2.0-4.0], <i>p</i> > 0.05). The use of a temperature-controlled mattress cover was associated with improvements in subjective sleep measures in our cohort of athletes. These preliminary findings suggest that the device may be a promising noninvasive strategy for improving perceived sleep quality, pending confirmation in randomized studies with validated objective sleep measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"327-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exertional heat stress alters both pro- and anti-inflammatory blood markers: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Albertas Klugas, Christiana Donkor, Rachael Nelson, Chin-I Cheng, Micah Zuhl","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2700940","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2700940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exertional heat stress (ExHS) has a significant impact on human health and performance in various occupational and athletic sectors. While exercise is known to affect cytokine levels, there is limited information quantifying the circulating inflammatory response to acute exercise in the heat. This meta-analysis aims to quantify acute changes in circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in response to ExHS among nonacclimatized humans and to determine if these responses are moderated by peak core temperature, heat exposure duration, or exercise intensity. Following PRISMA guidelines, four databases were searched for studies measuring cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IFN-γ after exercise in temperatures ≥26°C (universal thermal climate index). Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed. Thirty‑six studies (<i>N</i> = 498, 86% male) were included. Acute ExHS induced significant immediate increase in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1ra (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Both IL-6 and IL-10 remained significantly elevated 1-h post‑ExHS with IL-6 significant at 2 h post. Peak core temperature was a significant moderator for TNF-α and IL-10, and trended for IL-6 at immediate post-ExHS. No significant effects were observed for IL-1β or IFN-γ. Thermal strain in ExHS causes an abrupt disruption of immune homeostasis. The response shifts toward an anti-inflammatory state in early recovery, mirroring the cytokine profile of exertional heat stroke but at a lower magnitude. However, substantial heterogeneity makes future predictions from the model challenging and possibly unreliable.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"300-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and humidity independently influence thermoregulatory responses during Finnish sauna bathing.","authors":"Iida Laatikainen-Raussi, Tom Mikkola, Johanna K Ihalainen, Essi Ahokas","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2698162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2698162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of sauna air temperature and relative humidity (RH) on acute cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses under typical Finnish sauna conditions, where participants were free to throw water onto the heated stones (<i>löyly</i>). Fifty recreationally active healthy adults (32 males, 18 females, 35.4 ± 10.4 years, 174 ± 9.9 cm, 77 ± 17 kg) completed four 10-minute sauna sessions, each separated by 30-minute recovery. Core temperature (T_core), skin temperature, heart rate (HR), body mass, and perceptual responses were measured, alongside detailed multi-point environmental monitoring of temperature and relative humidity (RH) monitoring. Generalized estimating equations assessed associations between environmental factors and physiological responses. HR increased markedly during sauna exposure (mean +41.6 bpm), while T_core rose moderately (+0.4°C). Temperature and RH were independently associated with increases in HR (β = 1.40 bpm/°C; β = 0.37 bpm/%RH) and T_core (β = 0.032°C/°C; β = 0.0079°C/%RH). These associations remained significant after adjustment for sex, physical activity, body fat percentage, and skin surface area. The difference between dew point and skin temperature, used as an index of condensation potential, showed weak associations with HR and no significant relationship with T_core. Repeated sauna sessions did not meaningfully influence HR responses, and only minor differences were observed in T_core between sessions. Perceptual responses were primarily driven by temperature, with smaller contributions from humidity. These findings demonstrate that humidity, beyond temperature, appears to independently contribute to physiological strain during sauna exposure. The results highlight the importance of characterizing environmental conditions and suggest that humidity should be considered when optimizing sauna use for potential health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"289-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and neurovascular mechanisms of thermal sensitivity in teeth.","authors":"Kristóf Kádár, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Réka Anna Medgyes, Szilvia Acsády, Judit Mária Kirchlechner-Farkas, Arvin Shahbazi, Zsolt M Lohinai, László Köles, Ákos Zsembery","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2687160","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2687160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perception of dental pain and thermal stimuli is governed by the specialized structural and physiological organization of the dentin - pulp complex. Teeth are subjected to rapid thermal changes during normal oral functions, while the dental pulp - an intensely vascularized and innervated tissue - is confined within rigid mineralized structures. Under these anatomical conditions, even mild thermal stimuli - especially cold - can induce rapid and intense pain sensations. The mechanisms underlying thermal sensitivity of dentin have been explained by several theories. The direct neural theory proposes that external stimuli directly activate trigeminal nerve endings, whereas the hydrodynamic theory suggests that temperature changes induce dentinal fluid movement within tubules, generating mechanical forces that stimulate pulpal afferent fibers. Increasing experimental evidence supports an integrated model in which odontoblasts (ODs) function as mechanosensory transducers. In this concept, thermal stimuli generate dentinal fluid movement and mechanical stress that activate ion channels and enzymes in ODs, leading to the release of signaling molecules such as ATP, glutamate and possible other mediators including nitric oxide. This thermomechanical coupling mechanism, linking dentinal fluid dynamics, odontoblast mechanotransduction, and neuronal activation, is the most widely accepted explanation for thermal pain and dentin hypersensitivity. Understanding these mechanisms provides important insights into dental nociception and may guide the development of more accurate clinical diagnosis and improved strategies for managing thermal dentin hypersensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"229-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury and liver damage are the most common forms of end organ damage in exertional heat illness in otherwise healthy young adults.","authors":"David W DeGroot, Kari C Goodwin, Gabrielle E W Giersch, Nisha Charkoudian","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2680846","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2680846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exertional heat illness (EHI) is an under-recognized cause of emergency department admissions in otherwise healthy young people in athletic and occupational settings. Specifically, the frequency and severity of end-organ damage in EHI, which include exertional heat stroke (EHS), heat injury (HI), and heat exhaustion (HE) require better characterization to optimize triage and patient care. In the present study, we characterized end-organ damage following emergency department admission for EHI in young, otherwise healthy military service members who collapsed during training exercises. Standard clinical measures of creatinine (Cr), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and troponin were used. Active-duty service members who were seen in the Martin Army Community Hospital emergency department and diagnosed with an EHI were eligible. Relevant laboratory data was retrieved from the electronic medical record after informed consent was obtained. Acute kidney injury was the most common form of end organ damage observed (73-86%) followed closely by liver damage (59-73%). EHS cases had higher peak damage levels for Cr, CK, AST, and ALT compared to either HI or HE. Muscle damage only occurred concurrently with liver or kidney damage. There was no disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, cardiovascular complications, or organ failure observed in this study. The frequency and severity of end-organ damage was greatest in EHS, followed by HI and HE. No patients developed organ failure or required transport to a higher level of care. Data suggest that cooling modality did not impact end-organ damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 3","pages":"264-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined torso and foot heat exposure reduces acute <i>ad libitum</i> energy intake in young adults.","authors":"Ge Li, Daiki Watanabe, Yumiko Inoue, Qinlin Jin, Chiho Ezoe, Nan An, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Motohiko Miyachi","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2672316","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2672316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lowering body temperature with cooling vests has been shown to increase energy intake (EI), but it is unclear whether a heating strategy would have the opposite effect and modify EI. We examined the acute effects of combined torso and foot heat exposure via a hot vest and a warm foot bath on EI. Eight young females and eight young males performed two randomized and crossover trials, 28 d apart. Trials on female were conducted during the early follicular phases. In the control trial (CON), participants remained seated from 09:30 to 11:30. In the hot trial (HOT), they remained seated from 09:30 to 10:30, after which they wore a hot vest (~45°C) and took a foot bath (~43°C) from 10:30 to 11:30. From 11:40, participants were given up to an hour to consume a buffet meal. EI was calculated from the buffet meal. Tympanic and skin temperatures, appetite, and thermal sensation were assessed. Tympanic temperature, skin temperature and thermal sensations were higher in HOT than in CON during 10:30-11:30 (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). EI, food amount, hot foods, and hot beverage consumption were lower in HOT compared with CON (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Subjective appetite was similar between the two trials. Linear mixed model revealed that lower EI trended to be linked to higher tympanic temperature (β = -6.060, <i>p</i> = 0.069). Combined torso and foot heat exposure decreased EI in young healthy adults, with tympanic temperature predicting this reduction and no changes in subjective appetite.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 2","pages":"214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13251514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2026.2672807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2026.2672807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"13 2","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13251513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}