Academic Forensic Pathology最新文献_第7页

The "Magnificent Seven Errors" in Forensic Autopsy Practice: The Italian Context. 法医尸检实践中的“七大错误”:意大利语境。

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211056191

Roberto Scendoni, Piergiorgio Fedeli, Nunzia Cannovo, Mariano Cingolani

{"title":"The \"Magnificent Seven Errors\" in Forensic Autopsy Practice: The Italian Context.","authors":"Roberto Scendoni, Piergiorgio Fedeli, Nunzia Cannovo, Mariano Cingolani","doi":"10.1177/19253621211056191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621211056191","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Italian legal system, forensic autopsies are performed by a medical doctor specialized in legal medicine, otherwise known as a medicolegal expert (MLE), who has a range of very complex responsibilities. Indeed, the quality of forensic autopsy activity is always questioned in courts of law; incorrect assessments are dangerous because they can jeopardize the validity of a criminal investigation and thus affect the outcome so that a real culprit may be acquitted or an innocent person convicted. Nonconformities also discredit the professionalism of the specialist who performs the autopsy. The work of a MLE implies a series of assignments and duties that should be given constant consideration, but when certain aspects of this activity are underestimated or overlooked, this can lead the expert to make mistakes with irreparable consequences for the judicial investigation. In this article, for the first time, we present a summary of seven known errors related to autopsy activity following death by unnatural causes, with the purpose of alerting MLEs who work under the Italian judicial system to the potential dangers of such errors. These relate to: oversights in autopsy technique, incorrect collection of photographic and video material, unauthorized attendance at the autopsy, missing/mistaken reporting at any stage of the forensic activity, failure to notify the party forensic consultant, using histological or toxicological nonaccredited laboratories for forensic activities, and lack of observance of the chain of custody.","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"11 4","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727839/pdf/10.1177_19253621211056191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39889939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Neck Injuries Caused by Delivery Modes? Late Questions to the Matshes et al. 分娩方式导致颈部损伤?数学的后期问题等。

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211062043

Niels Lynøe, Anders Eriksson

引用次数: 0

Organ Retention Litigation 器官保留诉讼

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211032498

V. Weedn

引用次数: 0

Study on Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sri Lankan Traffic Police Officers Related to Examination of Drunk Drivers, in Two Most Populated Districts of Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡两个人口最多地区对斯里兰卡交警酒后驾驶考试相关知识、态度和实践的评估研究

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211032502

Y. Thivaharan, I. Kitulwatte, T. Muthulingam, Maleesha Jayasundara, N. Borukgama, Udaya Prageeth, Dumith Senevirathna, D. Kulathunga, Sandamini Aththanayaka

{"title":"Study on Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sri Lankan Traffic Police Officers Related to Examination of Drunk Drivers, in Two Most Populated Districts of Sri Lanka","authors":"Y. Thivaharan, I. Kitulwatte, T. Muthulingam, Maleesha Jayasundara, N. Borukgama, Udaya Prageeth, Dumith Senevirathna, D. Kulathunga, Sandamini Aththanayaka","doi":"10.1177/19253621211032502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621211032502","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is one of the substantial predisposing factors for mishaps among road users. A traffic police officer will be the first authoritative personnel a drunk driver encounters in the legal system. The absence of accurate skills and knowledge of these officers impedes the structuring of legal procedures and may lead to miscarriage of justice. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Sri Lankan traffic police in handling and managing an alleged case of driving under influence of alcohol. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried on a sample of 384 traffic police officers attached to the districts of Colombo and Gampaha, through a questionnaire. Results: Out of 384, only 75 of police officers knew the correct preliminaries to perform before administering a breathalyzer test. 79.7% knew the correct instructions for using a breathalyzer, but only 3.4% knew the colour changes of the breathalyzer. Significantly poor attitude was observed among the police officers, regarding the importance of producing a drunk driver for medico-legal examination (P = 0.001) Only 222 (57.8%) answered correctly that a drunk driver needs to be subjected to a medico-legal examination as early as possible. Significantly poor practice and attitude was observed in officers with longer service duration but no significant association was observed between ranks of officers and attitude and practice (P = 0.199). Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that the knowledge attitude and practice on efficiently handling a case of DUI among traffic police officers is poor, even though all of them are engaged in DUI duties irrespective of their service duration. The need for continuous professional development programmes was highlighted.","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"11 1","pages":"126 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crocodile Attack Injuries: A Failed Attempt to Conceal Homicide 鳄鱼袭击造成的伤害:掩盖谋杀的失败尝试

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211033472

Kunasilan Subramaniam, Grace Wong Yi-Li, Vomanasri Krishnan, Iyvonne Chuah Sock Yi, Muhammad Aniq bin Mohd Amran

引用次数: 1

Fatal Necrotizing Fasciitis as a Consequence of Blunt Trauma: A Case Report 钝性创伤致致命坏死性筋膜炎1例报告

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211038108

Chandrakanth Hv, H. Rg, S. Rani

引用次数: 0

Aortoesophageal Fistula Secondary to Esophageal Diverticulum Resulting in Sudden Unexpected Death 食管分流器继发主动脉食管瘘致猝死

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211038122

R. Ndikumana, A. Lal, J. Herath

引用次数: 0

Acute Esophageal Necrosis (Black Esophagus): An Autopsy Case Series 急性食管坏死（黑色食管）：尸检病例系列

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211036305

Lauren R. Crowson-Hindman, Keenen Smith, A. Phillips

{"title":"Acute Esophageal Necrosis (Black Esophagus): An Autopsy Case Series","authors":"Lauren R. Crowson-Hindman, Keenen Smith, A. Phillips","doi":"10.1177/19253621211036305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621211036305","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), also known as black esophagus and acute necrotizing esophagitis, is a rare pathologic finding of unknown etiology. It was first characterized as diffuse, circumferential black discoloration of the esophageal mucosa that affects predominantly the distal esophagus with sharp transition to normal-appearing mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction. Case frequency of AEN remains low and mainly found incidentally, with up to 0.2% in autopsy and endoscopy studies. Men are 4 times more commonly affected and overall mortality is approximately 32%. Methods: Black esophagus was incidentally found during ten forensic autopsy cases. Complete autopsies with photographs, histological examination, and toxicological analysis were performed. Case background information was reviewed. A review of literature was done, with research criteria including previous case reports, diagnosis, and autopsy, endoscopic, and microscopic findings of AEN. Results: Nine of ten deceased were male, with an age range of 26 to 67 years old. The most common preexisting pathological condition was chronic alcohol consumption, seen in six of ten cases, and in eight cases, the death occurred suddenly at home. “Classic” black esophagus was only seen in four cases. Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to acute necrotizing esophagitis was established as the immediate cause of death in six of ten cases. Discussion: This case series demonstrates ten cases of AEN with variation in appearance, yet diagnosis supported by histology, ancillary testing, and case information. The case frequency was higher than previously reported, 0.7%, suggesting that the prevalence of AEN may be underestimated, especially in forensic death investigations.","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"11 1","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Confronting Forensic Pathologists 直面法医病理学家

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211032504

V. Weedn

引用次数: 0

Inconsistencies in Overdose Suicide Death Investigation Practice and Potential Remedies Using Technology: A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consultation Meeting Summary. 吸毒过量自杀死亡调查实践中的不一致之处以及利用技术进行补救的可能性：美国疾病控制和预防中心咨询会议摘要。

Academic Forensic Pathology Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/19253621211022464

Melissa C Mercado, Deborah M Stone, Caroline W Kokubun, Aimée-Rika T Trudeau, Elizabeth Gaylor, Kristin M Holland, Brad N Bartholow

{"title":"Inconsistencies in Overdose Suicide Death Investigation Practice and Potential Remedies Using Technology: A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consultation Meeting Summary.","authors":"Melissa C Mercado, Deborah M Stone, Caroline W Kokubun, Aimée-Rika T Trudeau, Elizabeth Gaylor, Kristin M Holland, Brad N Bartholow","doi":"10.1177/19253621211022464","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19253621211022464","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is widely accepted that suicides-which account for more than 47 500 deaths per year in the United States-are undercounted by 10% to 30%, partially due to incomplete death scene investigations (DSI) and varying burden-of-proof standards across jurisdictions. This may result in the misclassification of overdose-related suicides as accidents or undetermined intent.Methods: Virtual and in-person meetings were held with suicidologists and DSI experts from five states (Spring-Summer 2017) to explore how features of a hypothetical electronic DSI tool may help address these challenges.Results: Participants envisioned a mobile DSI application for cell phones, tablets, or laptop computers. Features for systematic information collection, scene description, and guiding key informant interviews were perceived as useful for less-experienced investigators.Discussion: Wide adoption may be challenging due to differences in DSI standards, practices, costs, data privacy and security, and system integration needs. However, technological tools that support consistent and complete DSIs could strengthen the information needed to accurately identify overdose suicides.","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"11 2","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8408809/pdf/10.1177_19253621211022464.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39452222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0