Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society最新文献

An Outsider with Insider Privileges: Notes on Going Home 一个拥有内部特权的局外人:回家的笔记

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.8169.84854

J. Rosenbaum

引用次数: 0

Content Analysis of Judges' Sentiments Toward Artificial Intelligence Risk Assessment Tools 法官对人工智能风险评估工具的情感内容分析

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.8169.84869

Anna M. Fine, Stephanie Le, Monica K. Miller

引用次数: 0

Law Enforcement Murdered in the Line of Duty: A County-Level Analysis of Contributing Factors 执法人员因公被害:一个县层面的成因分析

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.8169.84855

Jessica M. Doucet, L. Eargle

{"title":"Law Enforcement Murdered in the Line of Duty: A County-Level Analysis of Contributing Factors","authors":"Jessica M. Doucet, L. Eargle","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.8169.84855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.8169.84855","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines the macro-level covariates influencing law enforcement officers (LEOs) shot and killed in the line of duty. Social disorganization theory, as well as literature on police training, police presence, and gun availability, creates the theoretical framework underpinning the current investigation. LEO firearm deaths between 2011 and 2019 were obtained from the Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP), aggregated to the county level, then merged with county- and state-level data from secondary sources. Negative binomial regression was utilized to examine the effect of social disorganization, police training, police presence, and gun availability on LEO firearm deaths. Of the social disorganization measures, resource disadvantage is found to have the strongest impact on LEO firearm deaths. While population instability and density also significantly increase these deaths, ethnic heterogeneity has a significant negative effect. Furthermore, police presence has a protective effect against these murders, while gun availability increases these deaths. Limitations of the study, along with policy implications and suggestions for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89026362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trauma, Psychopathic Traits, and Resilience in Female Post-Prison Reentry Outcomes 女性监狱后再入的创伤、精神病态特征和恢复力

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.7115.74096

J. Helfgott, E. Gunnison

{"title":"Trauma, Psychopathic Traits, and Resilience in Female Post-Prison Reentry Outcomes","authors":"J. Helfgott, E. Gunnison","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.7115.74096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.7115.74096","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research has examined female psychopathy, yet gaps remain. Recent research has explored links between early trauma, psychopathic traits, and behavioral outcomes. Utilizing data collected as part of the evaluation of the Seattle Women’s Reentry (SWR) Initiative, this study investigates the relationship between early trauma and psychopathic traits in female post-prison reentry outcomes. The role of psychopathic traits as a protective resilience factor that moderates early trauma for women leaving prison and reentering the community is explored. Background information, survey data, and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) scores are analyzed in relation to recidivism three-years post release for 85 women released from the Washington Corrections Center for Women (WCCW) in Washington State. Results indicated that the majority of the women in the study have early trauma backgrounds, PCL-R scores predict recidivism while trauma did not, and PCL-R scores did not moderate the relationship between trauma and recidivism. Results also found that PCL-R scores were associated with higher levels of self-esteem. Findings are consistent with prior research showing a link between psychopathic traits and recidivism but do not offer support for psychopathic traits as a moderating resilience protective factor between trauma and recidivism.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81427573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived Parental Competence, Moral Neutralization, and Cognitive Impulsivity in Relation to Future Delinquency: Understanding the Socialization Process 感知父母能力、道德中和和认知冲动与未来犯罪的关系:对社会化过程的理解

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.7115.73896

G. Walters, Jonathan M. Kremser, Lindsey Runell

{"title":"Perceived Parental Competence, Moral Neutralization, and Cognitive Impulsivity in Relation to Future Delinquency: Understanding the Socialization Process","authors":"G. Walters, Jonathan M. Kremser, Lindsey Runell","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.7115.73896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.7115.73896","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether perception preceded belief when it came to predicting delinquency. Perceived parental competence served as the first stage of a socialization process designed to reduce delinquency. The second stage of this process entailed obstructing antisocial belief in the form of moral neutralization or cognitive impulsivity. We hypothesized that moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity would mediate the relationship between perceived parental competence and delinquency in a model where perception preceded belief but that perceived parental competence would not mediate the relationship between neutralization/impulsivity and delinquency in a model where belief preceded perception. This hypothesis was tested in a group of 845 (406 boys, 439 girls) middle school (Grades 6-8) youth. Results from a three-wave prospective study revealed that moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity both mediated the perceived parental competence-delinquency relationship, whereas parental competence did not mediate the neutralization/impulsivity-delinquency relationship. When the two components of perceived parental competence—parental support and parental monitoring/control—were analyzed separately, only the monitoring-to-neutralization-to-delinquency path achieved significance.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74277615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Grass is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration and Specialization in Urban Greenspace Environs 草地总是更绿:分析城市绿地环境中的犯罪集中与专业化

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.7115.73940

Cheyenne Hodgen, Kathryn Wuschke

{"title":"The Grass is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration and Specialization in Urban Greenspace Environs","authors":"Cheyenne Hodgen, Kathryn Wuschke","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.7115.73940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.7115.73940","url":null,"abstract":"Greenspaces play an important role in the urban landscape, with prior research suggesting that they are associated with numerous health and social benefits for residents. Despite this, research conflicts regarding the relationship between greenspaces and crime, with some studies finding these locations to be criminogenic and others finding them to be protective against local crime. This study examines this relationship in Portland, Oregon, considering different greenspace types as well as different crime types. Further, this study presents a novel methodological adaption to measure crime concentration and specialization around discrete location types by integrating a street network buffer into the standard Location Quotient (LQ) metric. Results suggest that Portland’s greenspaces as a whole do not experience a concentration of crime; however, varying patterns emerge when examining different greenspace and crime types. This study identifies diverse crime concentrations in proximity to small parks, while finding other greenspace categories to be associated with crime-specific concentrations nearby. Others, still, have lower than expected counts of crime concentrating nearby, potentially demonstrating protective trends. These results highlight the importance of disaggregating both crime and location types to better understand the complex relationship between greenspaces and crime.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77121948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Measuring Effectiveness of Holistic Defense: Social Service Provision and Justice System Outcomes 整体防御效能的测量:社会服务提供与司法系统结果

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.7115.73939

Cory R. Lepage

引用次数: 0

A Crime Script Analysis of Fatal Police Shootings in New York 纽约警察致命枪击事件的犯罪脚本分析

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.5382.56225

Jason R. Silva

引用次数: 0

Perceptions about Court-Appointed and Privately-Retained Attorney Representation: (How) Do They Differ? 对法院指定律师和私人聘请律师代理的看法:(如何)不同?

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.5382.56908

Kelsey S. Henderson, Reveka V. Shteynberg

{"title":"Perceptions about Court-Appointed and Privately-Retained Attorney Representation: (How) Do They Differ?","authors":"Kelsey S. Henderson, Reveka V. Shteynberg","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.5382.56908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.5382.56908","url":null,"abstract":"Since Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), discussions about and research on the dichotomy between court-appointed and privately-retained attorneys have been pervasive, most frequently casting court-appointed attorneys in a negative light (e.g., work for the “state,” overworked and under-resourced) relative to their privately-retained counterparts (e.g., work for the “client,” autonomous and self-sufficient). In our survey, we re-visit these perceptions and include an exploratory experimental test in which we varied attorney resumes by attorney type. Consistent with prior research, participants had more positive attitudes of privately-retained attorneys and believed that they were more likely to generate favorable case outcomes than court-appointed attorneys. These attitudes were informed by participants’ perceptions about the attorneys’ resource amounts (caseload considerations, time, and energy), questions of adversarial allegiance, and sentiments of respect and altruism. In the experimental test, there were no differences in attorney ratings between participants “represented” by a public defender and those “represented” by a private defense attorney; rather, it was when asked to compare types of attorneys did these attitudes diverge. Overall, these results suggest that negative attitudes of court-appointed attorneys are somewhat engrained; however, there is now an increasing awareness of the systemic constraints that court-appointed attorneys face, as well as an appreciation for the work they do for indigent and under-served populations and society.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77944090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Sexual Assault Kits Were Not Tested: A Systematic Review 为什么性侵犯工具包没有被测试:一个系统的回顾

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.5382.56907

Joslyn K. Wallenborn

{"title":"Why Sexual Assault Kits Were Not Tested: A Systematic Review","authors":"Joslyn K. Wallenborn","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.5382.56907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.5382.56907","url":null,"abstract":"As a systemic practice, law enforcement across jurisdictions nationwide have not submitted hundreds of thousands of collected sexual assault kits for forensic DNA testing over the past several decades. It is critical to understand why police have been setting aside this valuable evidence, as DNA is a unique and powerful criminal justice tool that can help identify suspects, uncover serial offenders, and exonerate the wrongly convicted. The growing body of research tackling this issue has been largely fragmented by locality and sample, leaving a limited understanding of shared and divergent findings across jurisdictions. Drawing from a body of 16 research articles from 2004 through 2021, the present study brings together findings that span samples and locales to illuminate connections across data that paint a more cohesive picture of how the systemic practice of not submitting sexual assault kits for forensic DNA testing occurred. Through a systematic literature review, it is revealed that research in this area is not dichotomized between decision-making by police based on either practical concerns or extralegal factors, but, rather, it comes together to tell a complex story of why SAKs remained unsubmitted for forensic testing throughout the criminal justice system as a consequence of shared responsibility across several disciplines and how researchers shape this story through the methodological choices they make. Practical multidisciplinary policy considerations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75982927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0