Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society最新文献_第2页

The Importance of Hope to Resilience in Criminal Justice Diversion Programs 刑事司法转移项目中希望对恢复力的重要性

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4577.37337

Burcu Ozturk, Angela B. Pharris, Ricky T. Muñoz, D. McLeod

{"title":"The Importance of Hope to Resilience in Criminal Justice Diversion Programs","authors":"Burcu Ozturk, Angela B. Pharris, Ricky T. Muñoz, D. McLeod","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4577.37337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4577.37337","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has the highest levels of incarceration in the world, and finding ways to address this ever-growing concern has value both to system-involved individuals and broader society. \"Diversion\" programs are a pre-trial option that provides rehabilitation and personal development as alternatives to incarceration. Hope is an asset to coping with adversity, and studies have revealed that people who have lower levels of hope are at greater risk of becoming involved in the criminal justice system. One characteristic linked to success in navigating diversion programs is psychological resilience, with hope theory suggesting a hopeful mindset is an antecedent of that resilience. The current study (N = 52) evaluated this theory by testing a model of hope as a driver of resilience. Participants were receiving various diversion-related services in the Heartland of the United States. Participant surveys included established measures of both hope and resilience. First, item scores' principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that hope and resilience operated as unique psychological constructs within the sample. A subsequent path model analysis of hope as a predictor of resilience indicated that, as theorized, hope accounted for 17.2% of the variance in resilience across both race and gender. The results support that hope is essential to psychological resilience among diversion clients. The results suggest that future research into hope theory-based interventions with diversion clients is worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Campus Carry and Constrained Behavior: Faculty and Students’ Perceptual Responses to Campus Carry Laws 校园持枪与约束行为:教师和学生对校园持枪法律的感性反应

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4577.37336

Krystal E. Noga-Styron, Sarah Britto

{"title":"Campus Carry and Constrained Behavior: Faculty and Students’ Perceptual Responses to Campus Carry Laws","authors":"Krystal E. Noga-Styron, Sarah Britto","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4577.37336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4577.37336","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, policy discussions and decisions by lawmakers have failed to sufficiently consider the emotional and behavioral reactions of campus community members and how these reactions might shape the academic environment when crafting campus carry laws. Such considerations are especially relevant given the paucity of data on whether open carry laws reduce crime. The current study, which surveyed students, faculty, staff, and administrators at two Pacific Northwest universities (one in Oregon and another in Washington) during the 2016 – 2017 academic year, expands on past research to include variables that measure one’s position on campus and state context. This study also expands on past research that focused primarily on support or opposition to campus carry measures, to include a more nuanced look at what various members of the campus community perceive will be the consequences of campus carry measures. Findings show that both students and faculty perceive negative consequences of campus carry laws and that faculty members would constrain their behaviors more than students if campus carry were allowed. A discussion of control variables and the implications of these findings are explored.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Identity Thief: How Politics, Religion, and Values Stole Support for Sexual Assault Reporting and the #MeToo Movement 《身份窃贼:政治、宗教和价值观如何偷走了对性侵犯报道和#MeToo运动的支持

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4577.37330

R. Morris, R. Lecount

{"title":"The Identity Thief: How Politics, Religion, and Values Stole Support for Sexual Assault Reporting and the #MeToo Movement","authors":"R. Morris, R. Lecount","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4577.37330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4577.37330","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the hashtag #MeToo emerged as a sign of protest and solidarity challenging the status quo of sexual assault underreporting. Over the next year, reported cases of sexual assault increased by 86.5% (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2014-2018). As it began, #MeToo experienced broad support from across American society. Inflection points have tested this support, as for example, in Dr. Christine Blasey Ford’s testimony before congress (Wright et al., 2021). In an increasingly polarized era, we examine the role that self-reported political identity, participation with a religious community, and value-identities of Conformity, Security, and Tradition play in shaping attitudes about sexual assault reporting and the #MeToo movement. Our findings suggest that religiosity and political identity is complexly correlated with the increasingly politicized #MeToo movement. We also find that support for sexaul assault reporting and the #MeToo moment gets filtered through value-identities of Conformity, Security, and Tradition with the aggregate effect stifling support. We conclude that identities shaped by conservative politics, androcentric religious traditions, and values oriented toward Conformity, Security, and Tradition serve as foundational social psychological factors needing additional attention, as emerging research investigates the potential for movements increasingly defined by identity divisions, for example, rising Christian Nationalism and related protests.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79859313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood Social Ties and Informal Social Control: When do Neighbors Call the Police or Directly Intervene? 邻里社会关系与非正式社会控制:邻里何时报警或直接干预?

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4577.37324

Jaclyn Cwick

{"title":"Neighborhood Social Ties and Informal Social Control: When do Neighbors Call the Police or Directly Intervene?","authors":"Jaclyn Cwick","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4577.37324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4577.37324","url":null,"abstract":"Social disorganization theory posits that neighborhood social ties facilitate residents’ engagement in distinct forms of informal social control important for crime reduction, including private, parochial, and public controls (Bursik & Grasmik, 1993). Yet research examining how social ties contribute to various forms of informal social control is rare, despite a recent resurgence in efforts to clarify these measures (see Warner, 2014). The present study examines whether neighborhood social ties influence direct informal social control (i.e., residents’ perceptions that their neighbors will stop a crime themselves or will get another neighbor to help) and indirect informal social control (i.e., residents’ perceptions that their neighbors will call the police) within ordinary least squares regression. Findings indicate that previous studies, which have relied on global measures of informal social control, have concealed more nuanced relationships regarding social ties and forms of informal social control. More specifically, neighborhood social ties were positively related to direct informal social control at low levels of disadvantage, but were negatively related to direct informal social control in neighborhoods with high concentrated disadvantage, while social ties were positively related to indirect informal social control regardless of disadvantaged context. Findings point to the importance of including more specific measures of informal social control in current and future residential surveys.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"163 S342","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72407850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Desistance from Sexual Offending or Not Reoffending? A Taxonomy of Contact Sex Offenders 停止性侵犯还是不再性侵犯?接触性犯罪者分类

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4234.34105

Brooke N. Cooley

{"title":"Desistance from Sexual Offending or Not Reoffending? A Taxonomy of Contact Sex Offenders","authors":"Brooke N. Cooley","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4234.34105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4234.34105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explored why contact sex offenders lack reoffending, and a taxonomy was developed to better understand the desistance process, or more commonly, the non-reoffending process. Through qualitative conversational interviews with 29 contact sex offenders, it was found that contact sex offenders can be categorized into two broad groups. First, the criminal career sex offender who had persistent habitual offending. This category was comprised of a relatively small number of the sample (20.7%). This category can then be further broken down into two smaller categories, the desisters and the non-reoffenders. The desisters lacked reoffending due to cognitive transformations, while non-reoffenders were able to manage their sexual deviant behaviors due to strategies such as therapy, religious practices, and avoidance. Only two participants could be considered desisters, while the other participants were non-reoffenders. This is a noteworthy finding, demonstrating how rare it is to desist from contact sex offending based on scholars’ definitions of desistance as a process. Conversely, contact sex offenders who are not habitual persistent offenders lack reoffending because they never came to see themselves as “sex offenders” nor do they feel they have problems to address as their crimes were temporary and situational. This group contained the majority of the sample (79.3%) and was further divided into taxonomic subgroups. This study established the need to differentiate between career criminal sex offenders and those who are situational and temporary. Persistent offenders and situational offenders need different treatment practices, and they have different non-reoffending pathways.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80890730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Revenge Porn: A Critical Content Analysis of the Nation’s Laws and Reflection upon Social Science Research 复仇色情:国家法律的批判性内容分析与社会科学研究的反思

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4234.34102

S. Fallik, Erika R. Stone, Danielle Victory, Taylor Markevitch, Rolando Salvo, Alexis Mallalieu

引用次数: 2

Defining and Measuring Fear of Crime: A New Validated Scale Created from Emotion Theory, Qualitative Interviews, and Factor Analyses 定义和测量犯罪恐惧:一种基于情绪理论、定性访谈和因素分析的新有效量表

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4234.34104

A. Etopio, Emily R. Berthelot

引用次数: 5

Null Effects of a Progressive Prosecution Policy on Marijuana Enforcement 渐进式检控政策对大麻执法的无效影响

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.4234.34103

Nicholas Goldrosen

{"title":"Null Effects of a Progressive Prosecution Policy on Marijuana Enforcement","authors":"Nicholas Goldrosen","doi":"10.54555/ccjls.4234.34103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4234.34103","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, several U.S. prosecutors, elected on reform-oriented platforms, have implemented policies categorically declining to prosecute certain low-level offenses. These progressive prosecutors argue that their policies alleviate some of the disproportionate and racially biased consequences of broken windows policing. This article uses one case study to examine whether these policies affect the rate at which police make arrests for low-level crimes that prosecutors will decline to prosecute. With arrest and citation data from New York City, this article uses a differences-in-differences design to examine whether marijuana enforcement changed in Brooklyn as a result of District Attorney Ken Thompson’s 2014 decision not to prosecute low-level marijuana possession. This analysis finds a null effect of that policy upon the rates of arrest and citation for low-level and more serious marijuana possession crimes. Arrests, even without prosecution, serve important functions for police and bring weighty consequences for arrestees; this null effect raises questions about how closely linked the purposes of arrests and prosecutions are in the view of patrol officers. Moreover, these findings might prompt questions about the ability of prosecutors to enact effective reforms on their own, given the highly siloed nature of discretion in the U.S. criminal legal system.","PeriodicalId":36774,"journal":{"name":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86601494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mediation in Criminal Misdemeanor Cases 刑事轻罪案件调解

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.3769.30144

L. Charkoudian, Jamie L. Walter, Caroline Harmon‐Darrow, J. Bernstein

引用次数: 0

The Moderating Effect of Prosocial Peers on the Relationships Between Peer Delinquency, Neutralization, and Violent Offending 亲社会同伴对同伴犯罪、中和与暴力犯罪关系的调节作用

Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.54555/ccjls.3769.30146

G. Walters

引用次数: 0